Answer each question in 3-5 sentences, demonstrating your understanding of fraud examination principles.

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1. The Fraud Triangle

Explain how both Enron and Lehman Brothers fit into Donald Cresseys Fraud Triangle (Pressure, Opportunity, and Rationalization). Provide specific examples from each case.

2. Leadership & Ethical Failures

Compare the leadership styles of Jeffrey Skilling (Enron) and Richard Fuld (Lehman Brothers). How did their decisions contribute to the downfall of their companies?

3. Role of Auditors & Conflicts of Interest

What role did Arthur Andersen play in Enrons fraud, and how did this case contribute to the firms collapse? How did Ernst & Youngs audit of Lehman Brothers fail to prevent misleading financial reporting?

4. The 2008 Financial Crisis Connection

While Enrons fraud was an accounting scandal, Lehman Brothers collapse was tied to the 2008 financial crisis. How did Lehman Brothers use of Repo 105 transactions contribute to its failure, and why was this deceptive to investors?

5. Internal Control Failures

Discuss at least two internal control weaknesses that allowed fraud to occur in both companies. How could stronger internal controls have prevented the scandals?

6. Legal Consequences & Regulatory Changes

What were the legal consequences for executives at Enron and Lehman Brothers? How did these cases influence regulatory changes, such as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) and Dodd-Frank Act?

7. Accounting Manipulation Techniques

Describe one specific accounting trick used by Enron (such as mark-to-market accounting) and one used by Lehman Brothers (Repo 105). How did these methods allow the companies to mislead investors?

8. Whistleblowers & Red Flags

Who were the key whistleblowers in the Enron and Lehman Brothers cases? What red flags were present, and why were they ignored?

9. Impact on Investors & the Economy

Explain how the collapse of Enron and Lehman Brothers affected investors, employees, and the overall economy. Which collapse had a greater economic impact, and why?

10. Lessons for Future Fraud Examiners

Based on what happened at Enron and Lehman Brothers, what are three major lessons that fraud examiners and auditors should take away from these cases?

Kerr, D.S., Elder, R.J., Arens, A.A. (2017). Integrated Audit Practice Case 7th edition Armand Dalton

Publishers 978-0-912503-68-4

Assignment (1)

Deadline: Saturday 07/03/2026 @ 23:59

Course Name: Accounting Research and Practice	Students Name:
Course Code: ACCT 403	Students ID Number:
Semester: 1st	CRN:
Academic Year: 1447 H

For Instructors Use only

Instructors Name: Dr Maysoon Khoja
Students Grade: /5	Level of Marks: High/Middle/Low

Instructions PLEASE READ THEM CAREFULLY

• The Assignment must be submitted on Blackboard (WORD format only) via allocated folder.
• Assignments submitted through email will not be accepted.
• Students are advised to make their work clear and well presented, marks may be reduced for poor presentation. This includes filling your information on the cover page.
• Students must NOT delete the question and write their answer underneath each question.
• Late submission will NOT be accepted.
• Avoid plagiarism, the work should be in your own words, copying from students or other resources without proper referencing will result in ZERO marks. No exceptions. This include using artificial intelligence (AI) tools to solve the assignment.
• All answers must be typed using Times New Roman (size 12, double-spaced) font. No pictures containing text will be accepted and will be considered plagiarism.
• Submissions without this cover page will NOT be accepted.

Assignment Question(s):(Marks 5)

Q1. A researcher finds a relationship between voluntary disclosure and the number of analysts following a company using regression analysis.

Can the researcher conclude that disclosure causes more analysts to follow the company? Explain briefly.

Write no less than 150 words.

(2.5 Marks)

Q2.

Which research method would you recommend (survey, experiment, or case study)? Briefly justify your answer.

Write no less than 150 words.

(2.5Marks)

Assignment (2)

Deadline: Saturday 07/03/2025 @ 23:59

Course Name: Accounting Research and Practice	Students Name:
Course Code: ACCT 403	Students ID Number:
Semester: 2nd	CRN:
Academic Year: 1447 H

For Instructors Use only

Instructors Name:
Students Grade: /5	Level of Marks: High/Middle/Low

Instructions PLEASE READ THEM CAREFULLY

• The Assignment must be submitted on Blackboard (WORD format only) via allocated folder.
• Assignments submitted through email will not be accepted.
• Students are advised to make their work clear and well presented, marks may be reduced for poor presentation. This includes filling your information on the cover page.
• Students must NOT delete the question and write their answer underneath each question.
• Late submission will NOT be accepted.
• Avoid plagiarism, the work should be in your own words, copying from students or other resources without proper referencing will result in ZERO marks. No exceptions. This include using artificial intelligence (AI) tools to solve the assignment.
• All answers must be typed using Times New Roman (size 12, double-spaced) font. No pictures containing text will be accepted and will be considered plagiarism.
• Submissions without this cover page will NOT be accepted.

Assignment Question(s):(Marks 5)

Q1. A researcher wants to examine whether there is a relationship between students GPA and their score in an accounting research course.

Both variables are numerical (measured as numbers). The researcher only wants to know:

• Is there a relationship?
• Is it positive or negative?
• How strong is the relationship?

Required:

1. Which statistical test or measure would be most appropriate?
2. Explain why it is suitable for this case.
3. Briefly explain why a test of differences in means (like comparing two groups) would not be appropriate here.

Write no less than 150 words.

(2.5 Marks)

Q2.

She collects written interview responses from 15 managers. She wants to:

• Identify common themes in their answers
• Count how often certain challenges are mentioned
• Make careful and reliable conclusions

Required:

1. Which qualitative method is most appropriate (e.g., content analysis, grounded theory, discourse analysis)?
2. Explain why this method fits the research objective.
3. Mention one way the researcher can improve reliability in her analysis.

Write no less than 150 words.

(2.5Marks)

Tying It All Together Case F:8-1

Amazon.com, Inc. (NASDAQ: AMZN) opened its virtual doors in July 1995. The business serves customers through online and physical stores and focuses on selection, price, and convenience. The company sells hundreds of millions of unique products through its Web site. Amazon.com, Inc. also manufactures and sells electronic devices, including Kindle, Fire tablets, Fire TV, Echo, and Ring devices. In addition, Amazon.com, Inc. offers Amazon Prime, a membership program that includes fast, free shipping and streaming of thousands of movies and TV episodes. Visit

Requirements

1. What was the amount of net Accounts Receivable as of December 31, 2021? As of December 31, 2020?
2. Review the notes to the financial statements and read the note labeled Accounts Receivable, Net and Other in Note 1Description of Business, Accounting Policies, and Supplemental Disclosures. How does Amazon.com, Inc. estimate losses on receivables? When are receivables written-off?
3. Review the notes to the financial statements and read the note labeled Accounts Receivable, Net and Other in Note 1Description of Business, Accounting Policies, and Supplemental Disclosures. What was the amount of Allowance for Doubtful Accounts as of December 31, 2021? As of December 31, 2020?

Dylan worked for a propane gas distributor as an accounting clerk in a small Midwestern town. Last winter, his brother Mike lost his job at the machine plant. By January, temperatures were sub-zero, and Mike had run out of money. Dylan saw that Mikes account was overdue, and he knew Mike needed another delivery to heat his home. He decided to credit Mikes account and debit the balance to the parts inventory because he knew the parts manager, the owners son, was incompetent and would never notice the extra entry. Months went by, and Dylan repeated the process until an auditor ran across the charges by chance. When the owner fired Dylan, he said, If you had only come to me and told me about Mikes situation, we could have worked something out.

Requirements

1. What can a business like this do to prevent employee fraud of this kind?
2. What effect would Dylans actions have on the balance sheet? The income statement?
3. How much discretion does a business have with regard to accommodating hardship situations?
4. at least 200 words

Complete a company budget and show the entire process along with an explanation of the budget results that you would use to present your budget in a meeting with the firms management.

Hello,

I need help with my ACCT 101 Principles of Accounting assignment (Accounting Ethics Short Cases).

This assignment includes 5 short cases related to:

• Accrued expenses
• Revenue recognition
• Prepaid expenses
• Historical cost principle
• Going concern principle

For each case, I need:

1. The correct accounting treatment
2. Explanation of why it should be recorded in the relevant fiscal year
3. Identification of the accounting principle applied

Important Requirements:

• Answers must be written in simple, clear English
• Completely original work (no plagiarism)
• Do NOT copy from slides or internet sources
• Follow academic format
• Keep answers concise but well explained

Attached Files (PDF/DOCX): Enron Template.pdf

Note: Content extraction from these files is restricted, please review them manually.