Category: Applied behavior analysis (ABA)

Preparation

To prepare for this assignment, complete the following:

• Choose a specific type of target behavior or type of intervention that interests you.
• Use the Capella Library to find at least five relevant articles. If you need help using the Capella library, review the
• or the
• .
• Important! Articles must describe experimental research. Do not use articles that are only opinions, literature reviews, or meta-analyses. Each article should describe an experimental design that leads to a data-based conclusion.

Instructions

In your paper, complete the following:

• Introduction.
• Describe the topic you chose to research and explain why you chose it.
• Evaluate the research.
• Consider the credibility of the research you read, taking into account the strength of the research designs, level of description in the articles, and how valid the authors’ conclusions seem to be. Evaluate both the area of research as a whole, and the individual articles that you read.
• Evaluate the ethics of the research.
• How well does the research align with the and the ?
• Compare and contrast the articles.
• Describe the type of participants, independent and dependent variables, major findings, and ethical considerations, including compassion and DEI.
• Explain how the articles are similar and different to each other in these areas.
• Synthesize major findings in these articles.
• What new conclusions can you draw from the research?
• Are there other implications that can be drawn from the research? Explain your reasoning. For example: Are there generalizations that can be made regarding a particular age group or across age groups? Are there any mitigating factors relevant to particular age groups in your justification? Be sure to explain your reasoning.
• Reflection.
• Reflect on how your evaluation and synthesis of the research might impact your practice.
• Conclusion.

Additional Requirements

• Written communication: Should be free of errors that detract from the overall message.
• APA formatting: Use current APA style and formatting, paying particular attention to citations and references. Refer to
• for citing and referencing tips.
• Length: 45 double-spaced pages, not including the title page or the reference page.
• References: A minimum of five scholarly or professional resources.
• Font and font size: Times New Roman, 12 point.

Competencies Measured

By successfully completing this assignment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and rubric criteria:

• Competency 4: Evaluate research activities in terms of ethics, compassion, diversity, equity, and inclusion.
• Evaluate the credibility of each article and the quality of the research as a whole.
• Evaluate the research in terms of ethics, compassion, diversity, equity, and inclusion.
• Describe the similarities and differences between the articles.
• Draw conclusions from the research.
• Reflect on how evaluation and synthesis of the research might impact one’s practice.
• Competency 5: Communicate in a manner that is scholarly and consistent with expectations for professionals in the field of psychology.
• Demonstrate a professional writing style through well-organized prose that follows assignment guidelines.
• Demonstrate compliance with current APA style, citation, and referencing guidelines

Determining the Function of Behavior

When you use the word “behavior” in conversation, you may be referring to anything from the days weather to the failure of the photocopier machine to produce desired results. When psychologists use the term behavior, they think about more than the observed activity. They also consider what the behavior achieves for the person. This function of behavior is important in understanding why the behavior is repeated.

For this Discussion, you will analyze a scenario from the perspective of functions of behavior. You will consider the circumstances of the case and describe what you believe to be the function of the observed behavior. You will also develop a hypothesis regarding the observed behavior and share ideas for how the hypothesis could be tested.

Learning Resources

• Cooper, J. O., Heron, T. E., & Heward, W. L. (2020). Applied behavior analysis (3rd ed.). Pearson.
• Chapter 27, Functional Behavior Assessment (pp. 628654)
• Gresham, F. M., McIntyre, L. L., Olson-Tinker, H., Dolstra, L., McLaughlin, V., & Van, M. (2004).
• Links to an external site.
• . Research in Developmental Disabilities, 35, 19-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2003.04.003
• Ward-Homer, J., Seiverling, L. J., & Sturmey, P. (2011).
• . In J. L. Matson, & P. Sturmey (Eds.), International handbook of autism and pervasive developmental disorders (pp. 271286). New York, NY: Springer.

To Prepare

• Review the Learning Resources for this week, including the required weekly media programs, to develop an understanding of how to determine the function of behavior.
• Consider the following scenario:

Amanda is a 14-year-old regular education student in the eighth grade. She lives with her biological father and stepmother. There are no other children in the home. The chief concern is that Amanda often visits the school nurses office with complaints of headache and nausea. The typical course of action is to provide her with ibuprofen and, if this fails to resolve her complaints, her parents are called to take her home or to her physician. These events occur about 10 percent of school days and always during the afternoon. Her symptoms and their rate of occurrence have remained unchanged for several weeks. Her parents, who are quite concerned about her health, have scheduled an evaluation by a pediatric neurologist.

Post your response to the following:

• What hypotheses do you have about the function of Amandas behavior?
• How might you test these hypotheses?

Read your colleagues postings.

Applied Behavior Analysis Goal Development Discussion Board Thinking back to the client/student you introduced in Module 2, develop one communication goal and one social goal for the individual. Utilize the criteria for goal development described in Chapter 10 of the Bruinsma text. Identify one assessment that you will utilize to track each goal and describe why this assessment will be useful in tracking progress. In your responses to your classmates, provide them with feedback on their written goals. How might they improve their goals? Remember to post your initial post by Thursday of the discussion week and include an APA style reference. You are required to have at least two responses to your classmates.

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A teacher report that the student is being disruptive 1. Convert this statement into: A response definition A response class definition 2. Identify whether two different topographies(e.g, yelling and throwing materials) may belong to the same response class and justify your reasoning. 3. Discuss how the incorrect identification of the response class could affect intervention selection. Resources: Cooper et al. , 2020, Chapters 2&3

Describe either your best training experience, OR your worst training experience. For your best training experience, what elements of Behavior skills training were included? What did they do that made you enjoy the training? For your worst training experience, what elements of Behavior Skills training were missing? What did they do that made you dislike the training? In either case, to your knowledge, did they collect any measures to evaluate the quality of training? If so, what did they evaluate? Behavior Skills Training – Instructions > Model > Rehearsal > Feedback > on the job evaluation (Repeat Rehearsal and feedback until criteria is met.)

IntIntegration 3 Preference Assessments

The purpose of this assignment is to integrate, apply, and generalize the information that you are learning about preferences and assessment. The assignment should help increase your understanding of the material and prepare you for the exams.

Length of Paper: All Integration assignments have a 3-page limit. The reference page does NOT count toward this limit. This equates to about 7-8 paragraphs, which should give you plenty of space to craft your narrative. This page limit may require you to work on your concision. If you have trouble meeting the page limit, please reach out. We will only grade the first three pages of your assignment. Text on pages four and beyond will not be read, so please adhere to this requirement.

Sources & Overview

You will use the information in the course readings, lectures, and videos from this section:

-Identifying and Assessing Preferences

You will provide an overview preference and preference assessments, provide a summary of methods for conducting preference assessments, create a mock data sheet for assessing preferences, and describe the differences, and overlap, between preferences and reinforcers.

You should include at least 5-7 in text citations with a reference list of at least 5 different sources from these modules at the end of the document. These should be from the course readings, lectures, and videos of these sections and inclusion of multiple and different sources from these modules increases the likelihood that you are integrating and understand how they fit together around the topic. If you include other references, they will be in addition to the 5-7 from these modules.

The paper should be well organized and clearly written. You are not allowed to use AI to generate the text or ideas as this is an activity to help you learn the concepts and information by generalizing and integrating the information yourself. The headers below should be included in your essay, and each section should be numbered to match the instructions (1-4).

Overview

Why do we assess?

1. Describe what preference is, why identification is important, and some of the reasons behavior analysts assess for preference during assessments and interventions. Importance in this context describes the value to the individual served and the value to intervention services in general.

Preference/reinforcer

How are assessments related?

2. Describe the difference between a preference assessment and a reinforcer assessment, how they are related, and describe why these terms should not be used interchangeably.

Summary

What are some methods to assess?

3. Summarize the methods for conducting the following assessments. Include a list of brief procedures, benefits, and potential barriers of each method. Make sure to include technologically accurate procedural information about what happens to each stimulus (including the chosen, unchosen, and rejected stimulus) after each trial or opportunity in each assessment.

Single-Stimulus (SS) Preference Assessment

Paired-Stimulus (PS) Preference Assessment

Multiple-Stimulus-without-Replacement (MSWO) Preference Assessment

Brief Free Operant (FO) Preference Assessment

Example

How do we assess? Describe an example.

4. Create a mock plan for assessing preference for your case scenario client.

Select an assessment method (e.g., SS, PS, MSWO, or FO) and describe why you chose this specific preference assessment method for your specific client.

Describe what kinds of activities and stimuli will be assessed and how you chose these activities and stimuli.

Briefly describe what data you would include on a data sheet and why.

Describe 2 indicators when preference should be reassessed. Indicators in this context means specific client behavior, facial expressions, or environmental conditions that may signal that preferences have changed or are unknown.

Scenarios

Early learner

A 4-year-old autistic boy named Muhammad just moved to your town, with his mother, father, and younger sister, from the UK. In the UK, Muhammad attended an ABA preschool and his mother, Naureen, would like to get him enrolled at your clinic as soon as possible to keep him progressing.

Adolescent learner

A 15-year-old autistic teenager named Izabel just completed her first semester of high school. Her father, Roberto, wants to enroll Izabel in your after school social skills group because Izabel is sad that she has no friends at school and eats lunch alone. She says that she wants to be popular like her twin sister Pilina.

Adult learner

A 45-year-old multiply disabled woman named Abigail lives in a state supported living facility. Her parents passed away when she was 4 and she has lived in the facility since then. Her older sister was adopted and lives a few hours away and visits her each month. Abigail attends a supported employment program and is usually calm and content but is not participating in the activities

Tasks and Slide Breakdown Create a PowerPoint Presentation using the Cultural Humility in Practice: Digital Resource Toolkit [PPTX]: Slide 1: Title Slide: Title of the presentation. Your name. Date. University. Instructor name. Slide 2: Introduction: Brief overview of the toolkit’s purpose and importance. Slide 3: Describe Culture from a Behavioral Perspective: Include a detailed description of culture from a behavioral perspective, with more than one example and support your description with a recent behavior-analytic scholarly source using APA-style in-text citations. Note: Culture is different from cultural humility. Make sure to focus on the definition of culture in this section. Consider how behavior analysis would explain culture and the behavior of those group members. Consider the ADDRESSING model (Conners & Capell, 2021) for examples of cultural groups. Provide one behavior analytic resource in addition to the scholarly source related to culture from a behavior analytic perspective (for example, blog, website, YouTube video, another article). Slide 4: Importance of Incorporating Culture: Discuss the importance of incorporating culture as part of a clients/participants context in applied practice and support your discussion with a recent behavior-analytic scholarly source using APA-style in-text citations. Provide three specific examples of how analysts can incorporate culture in their practices. Consider intake, assessment, intervention/treatment, materials, and trainings Provide one behavior analytic resource in addition to the scholarly source related to incorporating culture into practice (for example, blog, website, YouTube video, article). Slide 5: Describe Cultural Humility: Include a detailed description of cultural humility and support your description with a recent behavior-analytic scholarly source using APA-style in-text citations. Discuss three or more potential benefits of adopting culturally humble approaches in applied practice. Provide three or more examples of what may happen if a humble approach is not used. Provide one additional behavior analytic resource in addition to the scholarly source related to cultural humility for example, blogs, websites, videos, continuing education, articles). Slide 6: Skills for Cultural Humility: Discuss and explain three or more specific skills needed to adopt culturally humble approaches and support your discussion with a recent behavior-analytic scholarly source using APA-style in-text citations. Describe ways to develop and maintain those skills, supporting your discussion with several examples and recent research. Provide one behavior analytic resource in addition to the scholarly source to aid with developing self-awareness and other skills needed to be culturally humble (for example, self-assessments, blogs, websites, YouTube videos, articles). Slide 7: Culturally Humble Responses: Consider the statements from a marginalized group expressing concerns about ABA practices. “We feel like the ABA techniques don’t respect our family’s traditions and values. It seems like we’re being asked to change too much about who we are and how we interact with our child. Our cultural practices are very important to us, and we want any intervention to respect and include these practices.” I’m worried that the ABA strategies aren’t considering my child’s unique cultural background and identity. It feels like their individuality is being overlooked, and the focus is just on changing behaviors without understanding the cultural context. We want our child to feel proud of their heritage and not feel like they have to fit into different norms that don’t match our family’s values. The current ABA approach feels very rigid and doesn’t seem to consider our family’s way of doing things. We’re concerned that it’s not the right fit for us because it doesn’t allow for flexibility or consideration of our cultural customs. We want to work with professionals who understand and respect our cultural background and can adapt their methods to better suit our family’s needs. Offer three supporting examples of culturally humble responses in action based on these statements. Include how you would verbally respond and what actions you could take in practice to address such statements within the context of the marginalized group. Provide one behavior analytic resource to help behavior analysts support individuals and their families in such instances (for example, blog, website, YouTube video, article). Slide 7: Conclusion: Summarize the key points of the toolkit. Emphasize the importance of cultural humility in behavior analysis. Slide 7:References: List all the behavior analytic scholarly resources used in the presentation in APA format. You do not need to include the additional resources on the references page since they are just for extra guidance and not directly used as supporting research. For each reference, provide a 2-3 sentence summary explaining the main point of the source and its relevance to the toolkit. Assignment Requirements Your assignment should meet the following requirements: Written communication: Should be free of errors that detract from the overall message. Follow all assignment guidelines: The submission should follow all of the guidelines. APA formatting: References and citations are formatted according to current APA style guidelines. Review Academic WriterLinks to an external site. for more information on how to cite your sources. Resources: 24 behavior analytic scholarly or professional resources published within the last 10 years. Select one article from the Week 7 announcements. Find and additional behavior analytic research article from a peer-reviewed journal. A scholarly resource is a credible, evidence-based publication authored by experts and often peer-reviewed, such as journal articles, academic books, professional podcasts, or dissertations. Anything outside of this must be approved by your instructor. Refer to the MS in Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) Research GuideLinks to an external site. for help finding resources. Refer to Cultural Humility in Practice: Digital Resource Toolkit rubric to ensure you understand the grading criteria for this assignment. Reference Tagg, R. (2021). ADDRESSING cultural complexities. In B. M. Conners & S. T. Capell (Eds.), Multiculturalism and diversity issues in applied behavior analysis: Bridging theory and application (pp. 2841). Routledge.