Category: Biology

stinuli responsive hydrogels for targeted drug delivery in disease treatment

The Complexity of Human Organs

In this module, you have learned about the structure of the human body, from cells to tissues to organs and organ systems. An organ is a structure composed of two or more tissues that work together to perform a specific function. Each organ has a function vital to maintaining your body in homeostatic balance. In this assessment, you will be assigned a specific organ to research based on the first letter of your last name. You will then evaluate the organs structure and complexity and how this structure is related to the organs functions. Your APA-formatted essay should:

1. Provide an introduction that describes the scope (goal) of the assignment and identifies the assigned organ.
2. Describe your assigned organ, including the general shape of the organ, the location of this organ, and identify what organ system it belongs to in the human body.
3. Describe in detail the importance of the assigned organ to the function of the body as a whole.
4. What are the functions of the assigned organ?
5. Describe the major functions of the organ system that the organ belongs to.
6. How does the organ contribute to homeostasis?
7. Identify and describe which of the four tissue types (epithelial, connective, muscle, and/or nervous tissues) are present in the assigned organ.
8. Describe at least three cell types that are present in the assigned organ. Your description should address whether these cell types have any special structures (e.g., presence of microvilli and/or abundance of particular organelle such as mitochondria) and how they contribute to the overall function of the organ.
9. Explain how the tissue and/or cell types in the assigned organ work together to aid in the function of the organ.
10. Discuss what might happen if the assigned organ was made of a different tissue type and if it was made of only one type of cell. How would homeostasis be compromised if this happened?

The organ assigned to you for this essay is listed below and is based on the first letter of your last name:

First Letter of Last Name

Organ

A-D

Heart

E-H

Lung

I-M

Kidney

N-R

Skin

S-V

Liver

W-Z

Stomach

My Initials are M,Y.

PLEASE READ ALL DETAILS BEFORE

Option 2 From the Headlines.

This option connects the concepts you’re learning in class to real-world events. For this assignment, you’ll find three newspaper articles. You will then use that newspaper article/personal story to demonstrate achievement of the course objectives. This option is designed for you to showcase your personal understanding of the course material. The use of generative AI tools (such as ChatGPT, Midjourney, etc.) is not permitted.

Your task is to choose one news article for each of the following microbes:

1. A fungus

2. A virus

3. A bacterium

Please include a copy or a working link to the news article you are using with your submission.

For each of your three chosen examples, you will use the news article or personal experience to explain the following highlight of the course objectives at a first-year level:

• Classification: How is this microbe categorized scientifically?
• Growth: How does the microbe grow, replicate, or spread?
• Control: What methods are used to control its growth, treat the infection, or prevent transmission? Be sure to also mention any challenges in controlling it or how healthcare workers might handle the situation.

I have uploaded a file that contains the information of the assignment.

Text book we use : Parker, N et. al. 2020. Microbiology. OpenStax with ASM Press. .

The mark is over 50 so please help me get that.

COURSE GOAL and LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

Upon the completion of the course, the students shall gain enough knowledge to be able to:

1. Classify and describe the distribution of microorganisms.

2. Describe and explain, at an elementary level, the biological and biochemical

principles related to nutrition, growth, death, and metabolism of microorganisms.

3. Describe and explain, at an elementary level the action of various physical, chemical,

and biological agents on the vital processes of microorganisms.

4.Apply the principles of aseptic techniques, sterilization, and disinfection to clinical

nursing.

5. Briefly describe some antimicrobial agents used in combating microorganisms that

affect various body systems.

6. Describe the effects of some antimicrobial agents on non-pathogenic human flora,

and some consequences that may be anticipated from their use.

7. Describe the role of the immune system in the prevention, causation, and resolution

of disease.

8. Describe and explain, at an elementary level, the systems that govern host-parasite

interaction.

9. Describe and classify the basic mechanisms of pathogenesis of infectious diseases.

10. Recognize and differentiate certain biological, biochemical, pathological and clinical

properties of microorganisms.

Describe the collection, transmission and laboratory

The topics we have covered so far, and the assessment is about that.

Topic Reference Date

Section I General Microbiology Concepts

1. Overview of Microbiology Textbook: Chpt. 1, 3.1, 3.2

2. Fungi, Protozoa & Parasites Textbook: Chpt. 3.4, 5

3. Viruses Textbook: Chpt. 6

4. Prokaryotic Cell Textbook: Chpt. 3.3

5. Prokaryotic Growth & Metabolism Textbook: Chpt. 7, 8, 9

6. Control of Microbial Growth Textbook: Chpt. 13, 14

Patient Background: Mrs. Evelyn Carter is a 72-year-old female admitted for an elective total hip replacement. Her medical history includes type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension, both moderately controlled. The surgery was completed without complications. As part of her postoperative management, she received prophylactic IV antibiotics and had an indwelling urinary catheter placed for accurate urine output monitoring due to limited mobility. Clinical Presentation: Mrs. Carter recovered well initially. However, on postoperative day 5, she began complaining of: Lower abdominal discomfort Suprapubic tenderness Increased urinary urgency despite catheter placement Cloudy urine observed in the catheter tubing Mild confusion and lethargy Her temperature was 100.9F (38.3C), and laboratory studies revealed: Elevated white blood cell count Mild increase in serum creatinine Positive urinalysis for leukocyte esterase and nitrites negative Significant pyuria Urine culture was obtained from the catheter port using sterile technique. Laboratory Findings: Gram stain of culture: image.png Blood agar culture showed non-hemolytic colonies. image.png Catalase test: image.png Bile esculin test: image.png Growth in 6.5% NaCl: image.png Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed: image.png Vancomyocin image.png Linezolid PYR Test: image.png Further examination of the removed catheter showed visible biofilm accumulation on the internal lumen. Diagnostic Evaluation: Based on the Gram stain and culture results, what is the most likely causative organism (genus) (include if it is gram +/-) and what do each of the cultures mean? Why is Mrs. Carter at higher risk for this type of infection? What additional laboratory tests could confirm the species of the pathogen and guide treatment? Once you figure out the genus and what extra testing can be done to figure out species email me and I will confirm (hj225@nova.edu) Introduction What is the microbiology of this pathogen? What is the prevalence of this pathogen? Where is it typically found? Is it opportunistic? If so what causes it to become pathogenic? Who is susceptible? What does the antibiotic susceptibility result suggest about treatment options? If the infection were untreated or improperly managed, what complications could arise? Application to Healthcare Practice: How might this infection have been prevented in a hospital setting? Explain the importance of proper wound care and aseptic technique in preventing hospital-acquired infections. Discuss the role of healthcare providers in infection control, including hand hygiene and monitoring for early signs of infection. Describe how antibiotic resistance impacts treatment options and patient care. What healthcare interventions are crucial in managing hospital-acquired infections? ***See rubric for grading criteria*** MUST upload as a word document and must submit your original document ONLY! Name your saved original document under the following “Your Name BIOL2400 Case Study 1”. Do NOT delete the document from your computer after submission. Once it is graded, then you may delete if you want. If you are flagged for AI, you will receive an automatic zero. You will not be able to see AI flagged on your end, but I can see it on mine.

please complete HW Assignment 5 below.

This assignment is based on chapter 7

Book to reference: Human Dimensions of Wildlife Management- second edition

edited by Daniel J. Decker, Shawn J. Riley, and William F.

Siemer John Hopkins University Press

ISBN: 9781421406541

In your opinion,),should the decisions in wildlife management be judged by the outcomes or the quality of the processes used to make the decisions.

Please comment and support your answer by uploading a reference link..

We are in chapter 7 this week

Book to reference: Human Dimensions of Wildlife Management- second edition

edited by Daniel J. Decker, Shawn J. Riley, and William F.

Siemer John Hopkins University Press

ISBN: 9781421406541

and reply to two classmates

Classmate 1: Cavaughn

Judging wildlife management decisions by the quality of the process is crucial because it fosters accountability and continuous improvement in a field defined by complexity and uncertainty. A well-structured process, such as Structured Decision Making (SDM), ensures that decisions are transparent, scientifically grounded, and incorporate diverse stakeholder values, making them defensible regardless of the final outcome. This approach avoids penalizing managers for unpredictable natural events and instead encourages learning and adaptation over time, which is essential for long-term conservation success. By focusing on the rigor of the decision-making framework, agencies can build public trust and systematically enhance their strategies, even when faced with unexpected ecological challenges. For further reading, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service provides an overview of this approach in their guide on Adaptive Management:

.

Classmate 2: Jasmine

I believe wildlife management decisions should be judged by both outcomes and the quality of the process used to make them, but if I had to choose, I would prioritize the quality of the process. Wildlife management operates within complex social-ecological systems where uncertainty is unavoidable. Even well-designed, science-based decisions may not always produce perfect outcomes due to environmental variability, climate change, or shifting public values.

A strong decision-making processone that relies on the best available science, includes stakeholder input, promotes transparency, and uses adaptive managementbuilds public trust and long-term legitimacy. Agencies such as the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service emphasize adaptive management, which allows managers to implement actions, monitor results, and adjust strategies over time. This approach recognizes that outcomes matter, but they must be evaluated within the context of scientific uncertainty.

Please prepare a 1-page timeline infographic documenting 34 global pandemics that have affected the human population over time. For the information section, please include the name of the infection, approximate death tolls, any data on economic impact, as well as possible interventions via vaccinations or treatment (if any).

For the graphic component, you may use your free account to create images, or you may use open-access images to visualize your infographic.