Bright Academic Experts

Category: Biology

  • The case of Lactose Intolerance

    After watching the video “The evolution of Lacotse Intolerance” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MA9boI1qTuk

    Research how a single mutation can change the activity of an enzyme.

    Then connect your findings to lactase:

    -How does the lactase enzyme normally function in the small intestine.

    -What changes in people who are lactose intolerant

    -How does a regulatory mutationnot a change in the enzyme itselfaffect lactase production

    -Include one realworld example of another enzyme affected by gene regulation.

  • Biology Question

    Learning Goal: I’m working on a writing question and need the explanation and answer to help me learn.

    Week 4 Assignment: Human-caused Environmental Issues – Website Recommendation Blog

    Part 1: Initial Blog Post on a Human-caused Environmental Issue

    After completing this week’s reading assignment (Chapters 30, 31 & 32), select a human-caused environmental issue (for example, climate change, species extinction, etc.) and research it further. Find a reliable, useful website that discusses the human impacts to the environment caused by this issue. No duplicate websites are permitted. [NOTE: Neither open resources nor open blogs can be used as sources of information; see ‘Researching Information’ within the class for more information on appropriate credible/reliable sources of information].

    This is not an opinion assignment; therefore information presented about the Human-caused Environmental Issue must be supported by reliable academic resources (facts supported by research) and cited per APA.

    [Not citing a specific reliable academic/scientific resource is an automatic 10 point deduction].

    Share the website with the class by writing a full paragraph summary (150 words minimum) of what you have learned or have found particularly helpful when reviewing the website. Do not copy and paste directly from the website. This blog should be written in your own words. Any content and paraphrased information from the resource (URL) must be properly cited per APA including the specific URL (website) you are recommending. The initial blog post must be directly posted in the classroom; please do not upload a Word document only.

    The initial blog post is strongly suggested to be posted by 11:59 p.m. ET Thursday of Week 4.

    Part 2: Response Blog Post

    Peruse some of the Blog entries made by your fellow classmates. Choose at least one that you found useful and comment on how the website helped you with your understanding. The comment should be 100 words minimum.

    For Part 2 posting the Blog Response Post to a fellow classmate, click the Week 4 Assignment – Website Recommendation Blog to enter the assignment. The screen will refresh and on the right side will be a black bar with Blog details on it and below that will be your name and a down arrow. Click the arrow and all the people who have posted blog posts will be listed. Read through the post by selecting the fellow students name and the screen will refresh scroll to bottom and on the bottom left will be the students blog post. When ready to respond, click Comment at the end of the blog post and then a space will open below the blog post you are responding to. When done with the response blog post, click Add. Then the response blog post is posted.

    Both parts (1 & 2) of the Week 4 Assignment must be posted on separate days. The Week 4 Assignment (both Parts 1 & 2) are due and must be completed by 11:59 p.m. ET Sunday of Week 4.

    The Week 4 Assignment Human-caused Environmental Issues Website Recommendation Blog is worth a potential total maximum of 100 points and there are two components:

    1. Part 1: your initial blog post, 150 words minimum, discussing a credible and reliable, scientific website (10 points maximum) that augments what you have already learned about that particular human-caused Environmental Issue. The initial blog post will be scored on topic (10 points), grammar and spelling (10 points), content and discussion of the specific environmental issue (30 points maximum), usefulness of the website (10 points maximum), submitted on a different day than Part 2 (5 points) and meeting the minimum blog post length of 150 words (5 points)
    2. Part 2: response blog post to a fellow classmate and it will be scored on grammar and spelling (2.5 points), content and discussion of what was learned about the bioethical issue from the blog post and resource (15 points maximum) and meeting the minimum blog post length of 100 words (2.5 points maximum).

    Requirements: 250

    Requirements: above

  • (a) Define cell. (b) Difference between unicellular and mult…

    Cell is derived from a Latin word cellula which means small apartment or room.

    Definition:

    1) It is the basic unit of structure and function of an organ.

    2) Cell is the functional unit means that cell form the structure of organ.

    3) Cell is the functional unit means that cell performs various functions of the body.

    4) Cell is the smallest unit of life which carry all the activities of life.



    Requirements:

  • CRISPR Gene Editing

    Hide Assignment Information TurnitinTM TurnitinTM enabledThis assignment will be submitted to TurnitinTM. Instructions Step 2: Innovations in Biology and Technology – Writing Assignment Addresses course outcomes 1-4: recognize and explain how the scientific method is used to solve problems make observations and discriminate between scientific and pseudoscientific explanations weigh evidence and make decisions based on strengths and limitations of scientific knowledge and the scientific method use knowledge of biological principles, the scientific method, and appropriate technologies to ask relevant questions, develop hypotheses, design and conduct experiments, interpret results, and draw conclusions Please review the statement about Generative AI use under Academic Policies in the syllabus, and the UMGC Artificial Intelligence Guide, especially in regard to the importance of acknowledgement and citation. The large majority of your assignment must be your own work, and any Gen AI output incorporated into the assignment must be cited as such. An important aspect of responsible AI use, and academic integrity, is honesty. Your own voice, your own thoughts, and supportive detail from each of the information sources cited, should be evident throughout all your submitted work. Write a paper about your chosen topic – selected in Step 1. Your paper should consist of a title page, introduction, several paragraphs addressing the questions for your chosen topic, conclusion, and references. The outline you wrote in Step 1 should be your starting point, but you can make edits to the topics and details you include, and the organization of the content. Take advantage of any feedback received. Your paper should be 750-1500 words, excluding references and the title page. Use a minimum of three (3) reliable information sources. These can be different from the resources that you found in step 1 of this assignment. The majority of your paper should be written in your own words, in your own writing style and structure, and fully paraphrasing information from the selected information sources (just changing a few words in a sentence is not enough). Your paper should consist of less than 10% direct quotes. Quotation marks must be used at the start and end of a direct quote, followed by an in-text citation. When paraphrasing, you should also use text citations to acknowledge the source. A list of references in APA format should be included at the end. A “Human-AI Collaboration Statement” to acknowledge if, and how, Gen AI tools were used for this assignment. Include the name(s) of the specific Gen AI tool(s) used, how they were used, and the estimated percentage of the final paper that is human or AI-generated. Keep in mind that the work you submit should be mostly your own. Examples of “Human-AI Collaboration Statements”: “After writing the draft of this paper entirely based on my own research and thoughts, I used ChatGPT (GPT-4o) as a collaborative writing assistant to improve grammar, clarity and refine transitions between paragraphs. I estimate that about 20% of the paper is AI-suggested edits, the rest is my own writing”. “I used Copilot to write a first draft of my paper. I then fact-checked all information with reliable sources, added in-text citations to those sources, added examples and additional information from the sources I had identified in step 1, and made edits so that the writing reflects my own thoughts and voice. The final version of the paper is about 75% my own.” “I did not use any Gen AI tools in the writing of this paper. I only used Grammarly to check spelling and grammar.” Resources that may be helpful as you write your paper: UMGC Citing and Writing page for citation, writing, and academic integrity help. Video from UMGC’s Office of Academic Integrity and Accountability: Paraphrasing Content in Your Own Words Free writing tutoring: Go to the Academic Support tab within our LEO classroom, and click Tutoring to get started! Submit your paper to the Assignment folder by the due date listed in the course schedule. The originality of your assignment will be checked with Turnitin. Please review the originality report, and if needed, submit a revised assignment before the submission deadline. If you need help accessing and understanding the Turnitin Report and want to learn more about how Turnitin is used at UMGC, here is a good resource: UMGC Library’s Turnitin FAQ Please review the grading rubric, and ask your professor if you have questions about this assignment. Topic selection – use the topic you selected for step 1 of this assignment, included here as a reminder: a) Personal Genomics. Services like 23andMe and Ancestry have made it possible even popular for the average person to obtain in-depth information about their genome, including details like food allergies, drug sensitivities, and disease risks. There are even add-on sites that will take this information and generate elaborate reports, such as Promethease. Research and address the following questions in your paper. Describe how an individuals DNA is collected and analyzed, and what the results provided to the consumer include. Include a brief description of the structure and function of DNA, including how genes control our traits, using what you have learned about the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology). Use information from the course readings, at least one service provider (e.g., 23&Me, Ancestry), and additional information resources. What are some of the advantages of this easy, rapid, and relatively affordable access to genomic data? What are some of the risks and concerns? Specifically, what are some concerns associated with Genome Privacy? If you, or someone you know, have had your DNA analyzed, discuss the thought process that led you (or them) to do so, and share how you (or they) felt when the results were received. If you haven’t, discuss the reasons why you have not (yet) done this. b) Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) is a recent breakthrough discovery in bioengineering that enables scientists to edit DNA. Because you have studied biology in this course, you have volunteered at your nieces High School Science Club to monitor a student debate about CRISPR. The students will be watching this Genome Editing with CRISPR-Cas9 video before the debate. You need to watch the video to be prepared in case there are any questions. Research and address each of the following questions in your paper: What is Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)? How does it work and what can it be used for? What role does Cas9 play in the CRISPR process? How does the CRISPR-Cas9 system snip and replace DNA sequences? As you explain CRISPR, incorporate some information from the Genome Editing video above, with an in-text citation. What are the potential benefits and concerns associated with gene editing? Include specific examples. Do you believe that the inherent risks of modifying DNA are worth the rewards? Include specific examples. Do you believe that it is ethical to genetically engineer animals and humans? Explain. c) Bioprinting. Your father has been on a waitlist for a new kidney for several years, but no match has been found. You hear about bioprinting on the news and decide to do some research so you can tell him about it. Research and address the following questions in your paper: What is bioprinting and how does the process work? Describe how bioprinting can form complex biomaterials, relating it to what you have learned about cells, tissues, and organs from the course readings. What are stem cells and how can they be used for bioprinting? What is bioink and how is it used for bioprinting? Include at least two specific examples of current research in this field. Include references to peer-reviewed scholarly papers. What are some of the benefits of bioprinting? What are the current challenges with bioprinting? Conclude with predictions for the future. Do you believe that your father could benefit from this technology in his lifetime? Briefly explain your reasoning. d) Human-caused global climate change is the biggest environmental challenge we are faced with today. Your aunt is a climate skeptic and you have decided to use your understanding of science to explain to her why the earths climate is changing, describe the major biological effects of climate change, and discuss how technology can be a solution to this problem. Briefly describe the greenhouse effect and how carbon dioxide is a natural part of the carbon cycle. How is the use of fossil fuels disrupting the carbon cycle and enhancing the greenhouse effect? You may want to look ahead to the Week 7 readings for this information. What are the major ecological effects associated with climate change? Describe at least two specific examples. What are the human health concerns associated with climate change? Describe at least two specific examples. And finally, what can we do to reduce our impact on the climate through technological innovation? Include a description of at least two technological solutions. Rubric Name: Innovations in Biology and Technology – Step 2 Criteria Excellent Good Adequate Unacceptable Criterion Score Content (35 points) 35 points Information obtained from a minimum of three information sources is summarized clearly, accurately and well organized in own words. All information sources are credible and relevant to the requirement for the chosen topic. Specific content from each of the cited sources is evident. 31-35 points 30 points Information obtained from only two information sources is summarized and/or some minor issues with clarity, accuracy, and organization of information and/or one information source is not credible and/or relevant and/or more than a few direct quotes. Some specific content from some of the cited sources is evident. 26-30 points 25 points Information obtained from only one information source is summarized and/or major issues with clarity, accuracy, and organization of information and/or mostly direct quotes. Minimal specific content from the cited sources is evident. 21-25 points 20 points No information sources are summarized, and/or none of the sources are credible and relevant, and/or all direct quotes. No specific content from the cited sources is evident. 0-20 points Score of Content (35 points),/ 35 Contribution (35 points) 35 points All questions and requirements for chosen topic are addressed and your own ideas are expressed, analyzed and defended based on knowledge learned from literature research. A “Human-AI Collaboration” statement is included. 31-35 points 30 points One of the questions or requirements for chosen topic is not addressed, and/or minimal description and analysis of own ideas, and/or minimal connection between own ideas and what is learned from literature research, and/or a “Human-AI Collaboration” statement is missing. 26-30 point 25 points Several of the questions or requirements for chosen topic are not addressed, and/or missing description and analysis of own ideas, and/or no connection between own ideas and what is learned from literature search. 21-25 points 20 points Most of the questions and requirements for chosen topic are not addressed and no description and analysis of own ideas. 0-20 points Score of Contribution (35 points),/ 35 Mechanics (5 points) 5 points Very few errors in spelling, punctuation, capitalization, sentence structure and grammar. 5 points 4 points Occasional errors in spelling, punctuation, capitalization, sentence structure and grammar, but meaning is not obscured. 3-4 points 2 points Frequent errors of spelling, punctuation, capitalization, sentence structure and grammar; meaning at times confused or obscured. 1-2 points 0 points Dominated by errors in spelling, punctuation, capitalization, sentence structure and grammar; meaning at times unidentifiable. 0 points Score of Mechanics (5 points),/ 5 References (5 points) 5 points All references listed at the end, in-text references are included, at least one per source, all references in correct APA format. All references have functioning URLs (links). 5 points 4 points Missing one reference or in-text citation, or minor problems with APA format, or missing functioning URL (link) for one of the references. 3-4 points 2 points Missing several references or in-text citations, and/or references not in APA format, and/or missing functioning URLs (links) for two or more of the references. 1-2 points 0 points No references or intext citations included, or no functioning URLs (links). 0 points Score of References (5 points),/ 5 Length of paper (5 points) 5 points Paper is between 750 and 1500 words 5 points 3 points Paper is between 600-749 or 1501-1700 words 3 points 2 points Paper is between 400-599 or 1701 1999 words 1 point 0 points Paper is less than 399 or more than 2000 words 0 points Score of Length of paper (5 points),/ 5 Total Score of Innovations in Biology and Technology – Step 2,/ 85 Overall Score Excellent 77 points minimum Good 62 points minimum Adequate 56 points minimum Unsatisfactory 0 points minimum

    Attached Files (PDF/DOCX): Innovations in Biology and Technology – Lilly Gonzalez-Fadul.docx

    Note: Content extraction from these files is restricted, please review them manually.

  • Research proposal

    ASSIGNMENT: RESEARCH PROPOSAL Instruction!!!!!! Each student must select a research topic from ONE of the areas below and write a scientific research proposal: 1. Food Science and Technology 2. Microbiology 3. Chemistry 4. Physics and Electronics 5. Molecular Biology and Biotechnology 6. Laboratory Instrumentation 7. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Engineering Length and Format Length: Minimum 2 pages, maximum 4 pages Font: Times New Roman Font size: 12 Line spacing: 2.0 Alignment: Justified Page numbers: Mandatory

  • Dampak lingkungan untuk kesahatan

    dampak cemaran lingkungan pada kesehatan masyarakat

    Requirements:

  • biol 290 weeks 3

    elcome to Week 3! This week, you will be introduced to bone tissue, functions of the skeletal system and the axial skeleton.

    Scientists make predictions using the best possible and most available knowledge that they have at the time. Sometimes the predictions end up being correct, and sometimes they are not. For this discussion, you will practice making predictions based on what you see when you quickly skim through a portion of the textbook.

    Skim Ch. 6, Bone Tissue and the Skeletal System, and Ch. 7, Axial Skeleton, of Anatomy and Physiology. You will not need to read these chapters in full to answer this discussion question. (You will read the chapters later this week as you complete your activities and assignments.)

    Select one section (e.g., 6.5 Fractures: Bone Repair).

    Complete the following in your discussion:

    1. List the section you selected.
    2. Predict how the section you selected might add to your understanding of the learning goal for this week: construct scientific descriptions of the skeletal system.
    3. Predict how information from the section you selected might help you in your future career. Also, discuss how not knowing the information might hinder your future career.
    4. Pick one image, figure, or graph from the section that stands out to you and briefly describe the image. List the page number, and figure title of the image (e.g., Figure 6.20, Types of Fractures, p. 239). Discuss what made the image interesting to you and why you selected it.

    Response Requirements

    • By Thursday, respond to the prompt above in a minimum of 175 words.
    • By Monday, post a total of 3 substantive responses over 2 separate days for full participation. This includes your initial post and 2 replies to classmates or your faculty member.

    there is 2 response I will add them after I get discussion

  • OPTIMAL HEALTH AND WELLNESS PLAN

    (Fyi: find below the info needed, essay and graphs for biology writing homework- Aiming for an A by matching all guildelines and requirements)

    Health and Wellness Plan Assignment

    Instructions

    In class we have been discussing physiology topics as they pertain to health and wellness. In this assignment you will apply what you’ve learned to construct a health and wellness plan for yourself. This paper will not be written in the format of a primary research article, rather a report with the sections outlined below. The report (excluding the diet graphs) should be approximately 4 pages, 12 pt font, single spaced.

    To be successful on this assignment, the conclusions you make must be personalized and supported by evidence from the primary literature. You will have an opportunity to work on this assignment in class, but any written work done at home must be free of AI technology. If you use AI technology to search for information, you need to paraphrase this information and cite it. If the information comes from a primary research article, you will need to cite the original source rather than AI (see below for proper citation format). I assume that you have read the articles that you cite and I may ask you about the details you understand about the paper.

    What to Submit?

    1. A summary of 5 analyses (macronutrients, fiber, plant diversity, glycemic index, and processed foods) in properly formatted figures (graphs and tables). Each figure should get its own number and description. Remember, numbers should reflect the order they are mentioned in the text.
    2. A summary of your current physical fitness level and routines; consider cardiovascular health, skeletal muscle strength and flexibility. Share your physical fitness history. For example, what are physical fitness practices your family and/or friends practice and how has this influenced you? Did you play sports as a kid? How did that impact your habits now? Have you experienced an injury or illness which influences your choices? Please note that there are no graphs or analyses you generated for this section.
    3. A reflection of how your current diet choices are affecting your own health with proper in text citation to your diet analysis figures. Most students make both good and poor choices! So, you can point out your good choices and discuss the benefits to your physiology. In addition you can point out the poor choices and explain what they are doing to your body. Rather than focusing exclusively on nutrition, include predictions about your microbiota (for example, composition or diversity) and be able to explain how the microbiota in your gut now are affecting your health.
    4. A plan of action for optimizing your diet. Look up foods that are best for you, and explain how they will lead to beneficial changes in your physiology. Be sure to discuss how you might optimize your microbiota through your food choices and consider a preemptive approach to avoiding issues that run in your family or mitigating issues going on in your life now (e.g. chronic stress, ADHD, anxiety, etc.)
    5. A plan of action for optimizing your cardiovascular health, skeletal muscle strength, and flexibility. Create an improvement plan and look up exercises that target the areas that you need to develop. Even if you currently exercise, there is always room for improvement and ways you can expand your knowledge of exercise physiology.
    6. Use 3-5 primary research articles to discuss the biology in more depth and provide support for your claims. Please see the guidelines below for proper integration of information of these articles in your paper.

    Guidelines for Using Primary Research in Scientific Communication

    • Primary research is used in scientific communication for such things as to provide background on a topic, develop logic of a hypothesis, explain biology, and to provide evidence for a conclusion (to name a few).
    • It is inappropriate to use a primary research article for a fact (common knowledge) that can be found on the internet or in a text book.
    • An appropriate use of the primary research is to use a result the authors found from their own experiment (in the methods or discussion). If you come across a paper that has useful information in the introduction, that is likely common knowledge or comes from a previously published article that the authors cite. In the latter situation, you need to cite the original article.

    Citation Format

    • The article information used should be paraphrased rather than quoted. It is inappropriate to use quotations in scientific writing. An “in-text” citation should follow the paraphrased information. Here are some examples of APA in-text citations:
      • one author: It was found that people who exercise more decreased blood cortisol levels (Foster 2020). or Foster (2020) found that people who exercise more decreased blood cortisol levels. or A study (Foster 2020) found that people who exercise more decreased blood cortisol levels.
      • two authors: (Foster & Godoy 2024)
      • more than two authors: (Foster et al. 2022)
    • Full citations for articles should be included in a reference section. Only articles cited in-text should be listed.
    • If you are using Google Scholar to search for papers, you can copy the APA citation from a list by clicking the “CITE” button. It should look like this:
      • Schuch, F. B., & Stubbs, B. (2019). The role of exercise in preventing and treating depression. Current sports medicine reports, 18(8), 299-304.
      • Authors names (publication year). Article title. Journal title, volume, page numbers.

    Requirements: as stated

  • OPTIMAL HEALTH AND WELLNESS PLAN

    (Fyi: find below the info needed, essay and graphs for biology writing homework- Aiming for an A by matching all guildelines and requirements)

    Health and Wellness Plan Assignment

    Instructions

    In class we have been discussing physiology topics as they pertain to health and wellness. In this assignment you will apply what you’ve learned to construct a health and wellness plan for yourself. This paper will not be written in the format of a primary research article, rather a report with the sections outlined below. The report (excluding the diet graphs) should be approximately 4 pages, 12 pt font, single spaced.

    To be successful on this assignment, the conclusions you make must be personalized and supported by evidence from the primary literature. You will have an opportunity to work on this assignment in class, but any written work done at home must be free of AI technology. If you use AI technology to search for information, you need to paraphrase this information and cite it. If the information comes from a primary research article, you will need to cite the original source rather than AI (see below for proper citation format). I assume that you have read the articles that you cite and I may ask you about the details you understand about the paper.

    What to Submit?

    1. A summary of 5 analyses (macronutrients, fiber, plant diversity, glycemic index, and processed foods) in properly formatted figures (graphs and tables). Each figure should get its own number and description. Remember, numbers should reflect the order they are mentioned in the text.
    2. A summary of your current physical fitness level and routines; consider cardiovascular health, skeletal muscle strength and flexibility. Share your physical fitness history. For example, what are physical fitness practices your family and/or friends practice and how has this influenced you? Did you play sports as a kid? How did that impact your habits now? Have you experienced an injury or illness which influences your choices? Please note that there are no graphs or analyses you generated for this section.
    3. A reflection of how your current diet choices are affecting your own health with proper in text citation to your diet analysis figures. Most students make both good and poor choices! So, you can point out your good choices and discuss the benefits to your physiology. In addition you can point out the poor choices and explain what they are doing to your body. Rather than focusing exclusively on nutrition, include predictions about your microbiota (for example, composition or diversity) and be able to explain how the microbiota in your gut now are affecting your health.
    4. A plan of action for optimizing your diet. Look up foods that are best for you, and explain how they will lead to beneficial changes in your physiology. Be sure to discuss how you might optimize your microbiota through your food choices and consider a preemptive approach to avoiding issues that run in your family or mitigating issues going on in your life now (e.g. chronic stress, ADHD, anxiety, etc.)
    5. A plan of action for optimizing your cardiovascular health, skeletal muscle strength, and flexibility. Create an improvement plan and look up exercises that target the areas that you need to develop. Even if you currently exercise, there is always room for improvement and ways you can expand your knowledge of exercise physiology.
    6. Use 3-5 primary research articles to discuss the biology in more depth and provide support for your claims. Please see the guidelines below for proper integration of information of these articles in your paper.

    Guidelines for Using Primary Research in Scientific Communication

    • Primary research is used in scientific communication for such things as to provide background on a topic, develop logic of a hypothesis, explain biology, and to provide evidence for a conclusion (to name a few).
    • It is inappropriate to use a primary research article for a fact (common knowledge) that can be found on the internet or in a text book.
    • An appropriate use of the primary research is to use a result the authors found from their own experiment (in the methods or discussion). If you come across a paper that has useful information in the introduction, that is likely common knowledge or comes from a previously published article that the authors cite. In the latter situation, you need to cite the original article.

    Citation Format

    • The article information used should be paraphrased rather than quoted. It is inappropriate to use quotations in scientific writing. An “in-text” citation should follow the paraphrased information. Here are some examples of APA in-text citations:
      • one author: It was found that people who exercise more decreased blood cortisol levels (Foster 2020). or Foster (2020) found that people who exercise more decreased blood cortisol levels. or A study (Foster 2020) found that people who exercise more decreased blood cortisol levels.
      • two authors: (Foster & Godoy 2024)
      • more than two authors: (Foster et al. 2022)
    • Full citations for articles should be included in a reference section. Only articles cited in-text should be listed.
    • If you are using Google Scholar to search for papers, you can copy the APA citation from a list by clicking the “CITE” button. It should look like this:
      • Schuch, F. B., & Stubbs, B. (2019). The role of exercise in preventing and treating depression. Current sports medicine reports, 18(8), 299-304.
      • Authors names (publication year). Article title. Journal title, volume, page numbers.

    Requirements:

  • Free radicles

    please answer these questions. What are free radicles? how they work? what are their effects on the cells? cite sources in accordance with APA. only use scholarly sources.