Requires six (6) pages of analysis. Each reaction paper counts as five percent (5%) of your grade. This is not a creative essay. Please show me you actually read the assignment closely [For example, you might write, on page 12 the author says xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx. Then, tell me your thoughts and analysis of the quote and why it is important or not in your personal opinion. Please show me at least ten (10) page numbers from the assigned reading where you believe a significant statement is made. Please use Microsoft Word, double spaced, 12-point font, no title page or footnotes required. Points will be reduced for papers that are not stapled. Only official university absences are acknowledged. Otherwise, late assignments will not be accepted for any reason; you may submit assignments as early as you desire, without penalty. If you plan to be absent from class or have any other circumstances that may prevent you from submitting your assignment on time, you need to submit your assignment early. You must submit work both to eCourses and before class, on-paper. ONLY THOSE ASSIGNMENTS SUBMITTED ON PAPER, ON-TIME WILL BE GRADED. Note that the purpose of the assignments is for you to read the articles and react to them. The study of law requires actual reading to absorb. Accordingly, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) for reaction papers is considered plagiarism and consequences for any such use may include, but not be limited to, a zero (0) for the class along with more serious consequences to be determined by the University. Using AI is of no utility for these assignments since you are presenting your own thoughts and not an explanation of the article or anyone elses thoughts regarding the article or its contents.

You are to consider, discuss, and evaluate all ethical theories and then choose the best one on which to base

your recommendations. Explain why it is the best choice.

Complete five problems in which you analyze common approaches to determining product or service quantities based on financials, contribution to profit based on a specific price and volume, product reliability, and quality control.

Expand All

Introduction

This assessment explores the quality tools companies use to monitor, control, and analyze their products or services. Most businesses in today’s economy must invest in quality to survive. Experts on quality have consistently shown that investing in programs and processes to ensure high quality does pay off.

Today’s customers want high quality products at the lowest possible price. Businesses establish quality expectations and conform to those expectations based on the customer or market segment they are serving. Today’s consumers also demand organizations to be concerned with sustainable resources; this is evident with the passage of recent regulations and laws.

What Is Quality?

It is important to understand that quality is not just an issue for companies that provide products. Services are measured by quality expectations as well, and they are monitored to ensure high levels of quality. Organizations that provide services are extremely vulnerable to high quality expectations because they are usually face-to-face with the customer on a regular basis. Service is not as easy to quantitatively measure, but it is still important to measure the service quality through the use of surveys, questionnaires, and other tools.

In services, the idea is to make sure that the customer’s expectations have been exceeded, thus establishing the client as a return customer. Businesses have started to recognize the important role their employees play in this process, and they have invested heavily in education, training, and team development. The best practice of investing in employees helps a company survive in today’s competitive economy.

A company determines its level of quality based, in part, on the specific expectations an individual is willing to pay. Once this and other factors are considered, a company sets its quality standards. The transformation of inputs to outputs creates many variablesfrom materials used to shipping and handling of the final productthat can affect quality. More importantly, industry metrics need to be considered to better manage effective resource use and determine organizational performance for sustainability.

Total Quality Management

Total quality management (TQM) is a process by which companies strive for zero defects while delivering high quality products. By understanding the process, a company can identify the causes of defects and work toward eliminating them. Companies monitor and improve the development of a product or service with the use of statistical process control (SPC), control charts, process capabilities, Six Sigma, and other tools. Six Sigma is a tool that involves the whole company, especially top management, with the intent of reducing defective workmanship to 3.4 parts per million transactions. This is not a quick-fix program but a long-term, corporate culture mindset that strives to eliminate defects completely so they do not return.

Scenario

Suppose that you were recently hired as the operations manager for ABC Manufacturing, a small manufacturing company founded two years ago. The company has been reasonably successful since it was founded, but it has recently experienced several production issues. You were hired to recommend and implement improvements to get the company back on track.

Problems

Complete the following problems based on the ABC Manufacturing scenario above. For each question, briefly describe the operations management issue and describe how you would approach an analysis, then provide answers to the algebraic equations.

Question 1

ABC Manufacturing is unsure of the ideal price to quote for one of their products, a pump. ABC’s president has asked you to do a break-even analysis for the pump and to recommend the optimal price. The fixed costs (FC) associated with manufacturing this particular product are $100,000, and the variable costs (VC) are $50 per unit. ABC’s president is considering a selling price (P) for this product of $100. The president wants to know how many units have to be sold in order to break even (BEU).

• Analyze this operations management issue.
• Provide the algebraic equation (using BEU, FC, P, and VC as variables) for the break-even analysis.
• Calculate and provide the numeric break-even value.

Question 2

ABC’s president believes there is substantial competition for this type of pump, and that price is a significant factor in potential customer’s purchase decision. He estimates that the company will sell 3,600 pumps (unit volume or UV) if they are priced at $100, and he will sell 2,900 pumps if they are priced at $110. He wants to know what contribution to profit (CP) would result from each of those two selling prices, and thus which is the better price.

• Analyze this operations management issue.
• Provide the algebraic equation (using CP, UV, P, and VC as variables) for this analysis.
• Calculate and provide the numeric contribution to profit (in dollars) for each of the two price points.

Question 3

Another issue ABC is facing is reliability of their products, in part because they are manufacturing increasingly complex products. One such product is designed and manufactured with five different subassemblies combined in series. It was determined through testing that those subassemblies have reliabilities, which are R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5; of .997, .998, .995, .999, and .990, respectively. (Refer to the Question 3 Flowchart below). ABC’s president has asked you what the reliability of the overall product (RP) is, given those subassembly reliabilities utilized in series.

• Analyze this operations management issue.
• Provide the algebraic equation (using RP, R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 as variables) for this analysis.
• Calculate and provide the overall product reliability, given those subassemblies utilized in series.

Question 4

ABC’s president has also asked you what the overall reliability of a different product (RP) is. That product has four subcomponents (SC1, SC2, SC3, and SC4). The components are organized as SC1, followed by SC2 in parallel with SC3, which are then both followed by SC4. (Refer to the Question 4 Diagram below). Their respective reliabilities are SC1R=.97, SC2R=.98, SC3R=.95, and SC4R=.93.

• Analyze this operations management issue.
• Provide the algebraic equation (using RP, SC1R, SC2R, SC3R, and SC4R as variables) for this analysis.
• Calculate and provide the overall product reliability given those subassemblies.

Question 5

ABC Manufacturing is also concerned about the quality of its manufacturing processes. One of the products the company sells is a bottle of liquid lubricant associated with the pump product line. ABC’s president is familiar with the operations management concept of control limits (determining an upper and lower numerical threshold such that a process is considered in control as long as it stays within those limits).

The president has asked you to take samples of the amount of liquid in those bottles and determine the upper control limit (UCL) and lower control limit (LCL) of three standard deviations. He told you that, based on previous testing, the standard deviation (SD) for this process is 0.035. You took sample measurements of the volume of liquid in the bottles, done at different times of the day (in case that somehow impacted the volume), and this produced the data in the Sample Measurements Table below:

Sample Measurements Table

Time	Volume of Liquid in Bottles of Lubricant (in Ounces)
8:00 am	30.03
9:00 am	30.04
10:00 am	29.98
11:00 am	30.01
12:00 pm	30.00
1:00 pm	29.97
2:00 pm	30.08
3:00 pm	29.98
4:00 pm	29.99
5:00 pm	29.98
Mean (M)	30.006

• Analyze this operations management issue.
• Provide the algebraic equation for the UCL and for the LCL (using UCL, LCL, M, and SD as variables).
• Calculate and provide the numerical ULC and LCL values.

Additional Requirements

• Written communication: Written communication should be free of errors that detract from the overall message.
• APA formatting: Any references and citations should be formatted according to current APA style and formatting guidelines.
• Font and font size: Times New Roman, 12 point.

Competencies Measured

By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and scoring guide criteria:

• Competency 2: Apply the tools and technology used in operations management.
  • Apply operations management tools associated with determining a break-even analysis.
  • Apply operations management tools associated with determining contribution to profit.
  • Apply operations management tools associated with determining reliability based on a product with subcomponents used in series.
  • Apply operations management tools associated with determining reliability based on a product with subcomponents used in parallel and in series.
  • Apply operations management tools associated with determining control limits.

Instructions

Final Project – Project 2 Due SATURDAY of Week 8, 11:59 pm ET This course officially ends Tuesday, 11:59 p.m. ET, week 8. The project can be accepted late until the official course ends, per the Late Policy posted in Content. There is no grace period for submitting work beyond 11:59 p.m. ET, Tuesday, week 8. Purpose This project aims to reflect on, analyze, and apply tort, agency, and contract law and their potential rights, risks, and liabilities in a business. It requires you to identify and analyze legal issues and make recommendations. You will also develop skills in critical thinking to create an in-depth and comprehensive analysis. The project relates to the concepts covered in weeks 1 – 8. You should refer to the materials assigned in the earlier weeks of the course. Course Outcomes: Recommend appropriate actions in the business environment based on an understanding of sources of law, substantive legal concepts, legal processes and procedures, and available remedies Analyze contractual rights, obligations, liabilities, and remedies in the business environment Analyze tort rights, obligations, liabilities, and remedies in the business environment. Final Project Report The owners of Viral Clean (Conner, Denise, Larisa, and Sam) will be responsible for different aspects of the business. However, their business interests will dictate how the business should be structured. The final report has two parts. The first part will address the law that covers each owner’s responsibility. The second part will address how the business should be structured. Part One: Owners Responsibilities Please prepare a discussion that addresses the law that covers each owners area of responsibility. For each responsibility, the report must address the following: Identify and explain the relevant area of the law that covers the owners responsibility. Identify Cleans rights and liabilities in the area of the law and make specific recommendations on how Clean can minimize its liabilities. Conners Responsibility: Conner is responsible for purchasing PPE and cleaning supplies from EPI. Although Conner is a Clean owner, he also operates a separate company. His company sells outerwear and athletic clothing online. While running his company, he had several instances where the manufacturer did not deliver the correct product to his company. He also had cases where the clothing did not meet the contract specifications. As a result, his company had shipping delays to the customers, and his company also shipped the wrong product to its customers. Conner wants to avoid this situation for Clean. However, if this should happen, Conner wants to understand Clean’s rights as a purchaser from EPI and its liabilities as a reseller of the products. Please address the law to help Conner understand Cleans rights and liabilities. Denises Responsibility: Denise is responsible for human resources, risk avoidance, and insurance for Clean. Denise is preparing a workers handbook for Clean. The handbooks relevant sections cover job-related injuries to workers and Cleans customers. The workbook explains Cleans responsibility for medical expenses when there are on-the-job injuries. Cleans workers include employees and independent contractors. Please address the law to help Denise prepare the relevant sections of the workers handbook. Larisas Responsibility: Larisa is responsible for executive talent acquisition. Clean will retain the executives using three-year employment agreements. Larisa wants to ensure that the employment agreements are valid and enforceable. The agreements must address the executives’ duties and authority. Larisa must learn what is required to ensure the employment agreements are valid and enforceable. She is also unsure of the law covering the executives duties and authority. Please address the law that will assist Larisa. Sams Responsibility: Sam is responsible for government compliance and product development. He ensures that all PPE and cleaning solutions meet the Centers for Disease Controls guidelines and monitors the laws in the states where Cleans PPE and cleaning solutions are sold. He also ensures that the states are not planning to ban any of the cleaning solutions ingredients. Please address the law that will assist Sam when states plan to ban the cleaning solutions ingredients. Part Two: Recommended Business Structure Connor, Denise, Larisa, and Sam agree that the heart of choosing a business structure is weighing and balancing advantages and disadvantages for the company and its owners. The owners have met privately to discuss their decision. They are now ready to meet with TLG for further analysis, negotiation, and a decision regarding the Clean business structure. To complete this part, you must decide on a business structure that is the most favorable to Clean and the owners. Generally, the owners are interested in minimizing their personal income tax liability. However, you must consider the interests of each owner as outlined in the course’s background section. You must recommend one of the following business structures and explain why Clean should adopt the structure: General Partnership Limited Partnership Limited Liability Partnership General Corporation Limited Liability Company Instructions Part One of the report must include subheadings for each Clean owner: Conner, Denise, Larisa. and Sam. Each subheading must address the following: Identify and explain the relevant area of the law that covers the owners responsibility. Identify Cleans rights and liabilities in the area of the law and make specific recommendations on how Clean can minimize its liabilities. Part Two of the report must recommend a business structure and explain why it is most favorable for Clean and its owners. No narrative minimum is provided. Be sure to cover each component thoroughly, demonstrating your understanding of the law and the business structures. Report Format TO: Winnie James, Ralph Anders FROM: (your name) RE: Viral Clean: Owners Responsibilities and Recommended Business Structure A brief introduction of the purpose of the report I. Owners Responsibilities A. Conner (1) (2) B. Denise (1) (2) C. Larisa (1) (2) D. Sam (1) (2) II. Recommended Business Structure ______________________ Tips for Formatting and Structuring Analysis: Write in complete sentences in paragraph format. Use in-text citations citing relevant assignment materials. Double-space; 12-point Arial or Times Roman font. Introductory Sentence: Begin with an introductory sentence or very brief paragraph that states the purpose of this report. Concluding Sentence: End the discussion with a concluding sentence or a very brief paragraph that summarizes your conclusion/what you discussed. Support Arguments and Positions: Please refer to the module in Content, “How to Support Arguments and Positions.” A References page may be added at the end of the report. Review the Project Memorandum Thoroughly read the project to ensure all required elements are present. Review the grading rubric to ensure you gain the most points possible for this assignment. Proofread for spelling and grammatical issues. Course material for week 8 is below i will add my past papers for references too.

Requires six (6) pages of analysis. Each reaction paper counts as five percent (5%) of your grade. This is not a creative essay. Please show me you actually read the assignment closely [For example, you might write, on page 12 the author says xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx. Then, tell me your thoughts and analysis of the quote and why it is important or not in your personal opinion. Please show me at least ten (10) page numbers from the assigned reading where you believe a significant statement is made. Please use Microsoft Word, double spaced, 12-point font, no title page or footnotes required. Points will be reduced for papers that are not stapled. Only official university absences are acknowledged. Otherwise, late assignments will not be accepted for any reason; you may submit assignments as early as you desire, without penalty. If you plan to be absent from class or have any other circumstances that may prevent you from submitting your assignment on time, you need to submit your assignment early. You must submit work both to eCourses and before class, on-paper. ONLY THOSE ASSIGNMENTS SUBMITTED ON PAPER, ON-TIME WILL BE GRADED. Note that the purpose of the assignments is for you to read the articles and react to them. The study of law requires actual reading to absorb. Accordingly, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) for reaction papers is considered plagiarism and consequences for any such use may include, but not be limited to, a zero (0) for the class along with more serious consequences to be determined by the University. Using AI is of no utility for these assignments since you are presenting your own thoughts and not an explanation of the article or anyone elses thoughts regarding the article or its contents.

Business related material

Government agencies play a vital role in designing, implementing, and sustaining public health systems that address the needs of diverse populations. Their leadership influences policy direction, resource allocation, healthcare accessibility, and long-term health outcomes.

For this assignment, critically evaluate the role of government agencies in shaping sustainable public health initiatives. Discuss how these agencies provide leadership in policy development, program implementation, and intersectoral collaboration to address public health challenges.

Your analysis should explore both the strengths and limitations of government-led public health efforts. Include relevant examples of initiatives, and assess how sustainability is achieved through long-term planning, funding strategies, and community involvement.

Requires six (6) pages of analysis. Each reaction paper counts as five percent (5%) of your grade. This is not a creative essay. Please show me you actually read the assignment closely [For example, you might write, on page 12 the author says xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx. Then, tell me your thoughts and analysis of the quote and why it is important or not in your personal opinion. Please show me at least ten (10) page numbers from the assigned reading where you believe a significant statement is made. Please use Microsoft Word, double spaced, 12-point font, no title page or footnotes required. Points will be reduced for papers that are not stapled. Only official university absences are acknowledged. Otherwise, late assignments will not be accepted for any reason; you may submit assignments as early as you desire, without penalty. If you plan to be absent from class or have any other circumstances that may prevent you from submitting your assignment on time, you need to submit your assignment early. You must submit work both to eCourses and before class, on-paper. ONLY THOSE ASSIGNMENTS SUBMITTED ON PAPER, ON-TIME WILL BE GRADED. Note that the purpose of the assignments is for you to read the articles and react to them. The study of law requires actual reading to absorb. Accordingly, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) for reaction papers is considered plagiarism and consequences for any such use may include, but not be limited to, a zero (0) for the class along with more serious consequences to be determined by the University. Using AI is of no utility for these assignments since you are presenting your own thoughts and not an explanation of the article or anyone elses thoughts regarding the article or its contents.

1-Instructions

Respond to the Discussion Question posted by your instructor (by Thursday) and respond to at least two peer’s posts (by Sunday).

At times, governments may need to acquire private property to be used for governmental purposes. For example, when the government needs property to build a new school or a firehouse, or to construct a road or freeway, it may need to acquire the necessary property from private landowners. The Takings Clause of the Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution provides the government with this power. Private property can only be taken for public use. The Just Compensation Clause of the Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution requires the government to compensate the property owner when it takes private property.

This process is called eminent domain

Find a story in the news about a case where the government took property from an individual and discuss whether it was legal or not.

Share your personal thoughts on this practice.

2-Instructions

Complete the assignment posted by your instructor.

Pursuant to enabling statutes, two federal administrative agenciesthe Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)created the national do-not-call registry. The national do-not-call registry is a list that contains the personal telephone numbers of telephone users who have voluntarily placed themselves on this list, indicating that they do not want to receive unsolicited calls from commercial telemarketers. Commercial telemarketers are prohibited from calling phone numbers that have been placed on the do-not-call registry. Telemarketers must pay an annual fee to access the phone numbers on the registry so that they can delete those numbers from their solicitation lists. The national do-not-call registry restrictions apply only to telemarketers calls made by or on behalf of sellers of goods or services. Charitable and fundraising calls are exempt from the do-not-call registrys restrictions. Persons who do not voluntarily place their phone numbers on the do-not-call registry may still receive unsolicited telemarketers calls.

Mainstream Marketing Services, Inc., and other telemarketers sued the FTC and the FCC in several lawsuits, alleging that their free speech rights were violated and that the do-not-call registry was unconstitutional. The FTC and FCC defended the list, arguing that unsolicited telemarketing calls constituted commercial speech that could properly be regulated by the governments do-not-call registrys restrictions. The separate lawsuits were consolidated for appeal. Mainstream Marketing Services, Inc. v. Federal Trade Commission and Federal Communications Commission, 358 F.3d 1228, 2004 U.S. App. Lexis 2564 (United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit, 2004)

• What is commercial speech?
• Are unsolicited telemarketing calls commercial speech that is constitutionally regulated by the do-not-call registry restrictions?
• Do telemarketers act ethically in calling persons with their promotions and sales pitches?
  

  3-Instructions

  Respond to the Discussion Question posted by your instructor (by Thursday) and respond to at least two peer’s posts (by Sunday).Facts
  Nortons Country Corner (Nortons) is a cowboy bar located in Queen Creek, Arizona. The bar is owned by McDade & Sons, Inc., which is owned 100 percent by Nancy McDade. McDade is its sole officer and director. Live bands play country-and-western music at Nortons on various nights of the week. Certain copyright owners of music have authorized Broadcast Music, Inc. (BMI) to license the use of their copyright songs to broadcasters and to owners of concert halls, restaurants, and nightclubs for live performances of the copyrighted music. BMI attends public performances of music to determine whether any copyrights it is authorized to license are being performed without such license.One night, a BMI representative attended a live band performance at Nortons bar and recorded the songs played by the band that night. The audio recording showed that 13 copyrighted songs that BMI was authorized to license were played by the band at Nortons without the required license. BMI sued McDade & Sons, Inc. and Nancy McDade in U.S. district court for copyright infringement. The defendants argued they had not committed copyright infringement and that copyright law did not apply to owners of small establishments.Issue
  Are the defendants liable for copyright infringement?Language of the Court
  The Copyright Act gives the owner of a copyright the exclusive right to publicly perform, or authorize others to perform, the copyrighted work. Any person who violates this exclusive right is an infringer. Lack of authorization is established by the undisputed fact that defendants were not licensed by BMI to perform plaintiffs copyrighted musical compositions. Defendants contend that the copyright laws are unfair to small bar owners struggling to get by week by week. Defendants seek an exemption from complying with the Copyright Act, but have not cited any authority for such an exemption. The record reflects that defendants infringements were knowing and willful.Decision
  The U.S. district court held that the defendants had engaged in copyright infringement and awarded $39,000 in damages, attorneys fees, and costs to the plaintiffs, and issued a permanent injunction against the defendants infringement of copyrighted musical compositions licensed by Broadcast Music, Inc.Critical Legal Thinking Questions
  Should small-business owners of bars and other establishments be free from copyright laws?How many restaurants, bars, and other establishments play copyrighted music without the copyright owners permission?Find and share a case where an establishment was fined or sued for playing copyrighted music without permission.

  4-Instructions

  Complete the assignment posted by your instructor.Facts
  After substantial research and expenditure of money and resources, Myriad Genetics, Inc. (Myriad), discovered the precise location and sequence of two naturally occurring segments of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) known as BRCA1 and BRCA2. Mutations in these genes can dramatically increase a females risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer. The average American woman has a 12 to 13 percent risk of developing breast cancer, but in a woman with the genetic mutations discovered by Myriad, the risk can range between 50 and 80 percent for breast cancer and between 20 and 50 percent for ovarian cancer. Before Myriads discovery of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, scientists knew that heredity played a role in establishing a womans risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer, but they did not know which genes were associated with those cancers. For women who are tested and found to have the dangerous mutations of BRCA1 and BRCA2, medical measures can be taken to reduce the risks of breast and ovarian cancer developing.Myriad obtained a patent from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office based on its discovery. The Association for Molecular Pathology sued Myriad, seeking a declaration that Myriads patent was invalid. The U.S. district court held that Myriads claim was invalid because it covered a product of nature and was therefore not patentable. The Federal Circuit Court of Appeals held that the isolated DNA was patent eligible. The U.S. Supreme Court granted review.Issue
  Is a naturally occurring segment of DNA patent eligible?Language of the U.S. Supreme Court
  Laws of nature, natural phenomena, and abstract ideas are not patentable. It is undisputed that Myriad did not create or alter any of the genetic information encoded in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. The location and order of the nucleotides existed in nature before Myriad found them. Nor did Myriad create or alter the genetic structure of DNA. Instead, Myriads principal contribution was uncovering the precise location and genetic sequence of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Myriad did not create anything. To be sure, it found an important and useful gene, but separating that gene from its surrounding genetic material is not an act of invention.Decision
  The U.S. Supreme Court held that a naturally occurring DNA segment is a product of nature and not patent eligible merely because it has been isolated. The U.S. Supreme Court reversed the decision of the Federal Circuit Court of Appeals on this issue.Critical Legal Thinking Questions
  Will the Supreme Courts decision affect the amount of research that is conducted to find naturally occurring disease-causing DNA sequences?Should Myriad be compensated by the government for its research costs?

Assignment

Suggested Length: 750 to 1000 words

Ethical Theories to Apply for Assignment 2: Golden Rule and Virtue Ethics

You are to consider, discuss, and evaluate both ethical theories and then choose the best one on which to base

your recommendations. Explain why it is the best choice.

You may reuse your facts and issues from Assignment 1

For assignment 2, prepare a memo, setting out your analysis and recommendations, that

considers ONLY the following two theories: Golden Rule and Virtue Ethics. Choose the best

theory on which you base your recommendation and explain why it is the best.