Category: Communications and media

The Fraction of Selection

(Adapted from a Stanley Baran text)

An important part of being media literate is having critical thinking skills enabling you to develop independent judgments about media and media content. Challenge your own skill by predicting which media will survive and which will disappear as a result of the dramatic technological, economic, and audience preference turmoil currently shaking the traditional media industries. Which will change and how? The answers depend on you and your media choices. In 1954, when television was doing to movies, newspapers, magazines, and radio what the Internet and smartphones are doing to todays media, communication scholar Wilbur Schramm created the fraction of selection to answer the question, What determines which offerings of mass communication will be selected by a given individual? It looks like this:

Expectation of Reward

———————————— (divided by)

Effort Required

It suggests that you weigh the level of reward you expect from a given medium or piece of content against how much effortin the broadest senseyou make to secure that reward. Now, consider your own media consumption. For example, how do you typically watch movies: at the theater, streamed, downloaded, on disc, wait for them to come to cable? What data would go in your numerator? In your denominator?

You could choose, for instance, to put both parts of the fraction as a scale of 1-10, with 1 being the least useful to use or least rewarding to 10 being the most. So for me, for instance, “Watching broadcast TV.” My expectation of reward is low; most broadcast shows are not very good, so I say, maybe, a 5. Effort required: It is very easy, so I would say a 10, as I just use one clicker to make it work. So my chance of using the medium: 5/10 or 50 percent. But for my Sling TV, my reward expectation is an 8 because it has better shows, but using it is harder, because I have to switch the TV over with one clicker and use a Roku clicker to choose Sling, and then it comes up and then I have to wait for it to load etc. So that is a 6, for an 8/6. A 133 percent chance I will use it, or a 133 score is more like it. I can then enter ALL my media options and score them accordingly.

Your formula should be thought-provoking or fun or otherwise illuminating, but there is no one right or wrong formula. I want to see your thought process more than the outcome of it (the formula). Using the Schramm formula will limit your grade to 75 at the highest. I want to see a thought-out, creative formula/fraction of your devising.

Assignment Title: Predicting the Future of Media Consumption

Purpose:

This assignment is designed to help you:

• Apply mass communication theories to understand and forecast media consumption trends.
• Evaluate the role and impact of different media in everyday life.
• Explore how technological, economic, and audience preference changes affect media viability and survival.
• Develop and apply critical thinking skills to create a formula predicting which media forms will thrive or diminish in the future.

By completing this assignment, you will enhance your ability to critically assess media trends and make informed predictions about the future of mass media.

Task:

1. Develop a Formula:

• Create a unique formula that explains media consumption. This formula should be thought-provoking and reflective of your understanding of media theories, as discussed in Chapters 1 and 2 of our textbook and additional research from reputable sources.
• Your formula should go beyond the Schramm “Fraction of Selection” model and incorporate your own insights and creativity.
• Explain the rationale behind your formula, linking it to the concepts covered in the course and supported by scholarly research or reputable media sources.

1. Apply Your Formula:

• Test your formula by assessing the media consumption habits of yourself and five friends or family members. Use your formula to rate these habits across nine specific media: Broadcast TV, streaming services (e.g., Hulu, Netflix), online newspapers, print newspapers, video game consoles, online gaming, terrestrial radio (car), streaming music services, and Facebook.
• Present your findings in a clear, tabular format using the first names of your subjects.

1. Analyze Your Results:

• Based on your data, speculate on which media are likely to succeed or fail in the future. Consider the broader media landscape in your analysis.
• Identify any media that may need to improve in terms of ease of use, rewards, or interactivity to remain relevant.

1. Submit Your Work:

• Write a concise report answering all three tasks (1, 2, and 3) in a clear and organized manner.
• Include a “Sources Cited” section, following proper citation guidelines as outlined in the provided “Referencing and Formatting Guide.”
• Submit your report via Packback Deep Dives.

Criteria for Success:

• Clarity and Creativity of the Formula: Your formula should be original, clearly stated, and well-explained, with a strong connection to mass communication theories.
• Application of the Formula: Your analysis should be thorough, with all nine media types assessed, and the results presented in an easy-to-read table.
• Analysis and Insight: Your predictions about the future of media should be insightful, well-reasoned, and backed by your data and research.
• Research and Citation: You must use and correctly cite at least five reputable sources, integrating them effectively into your explanation and analysis.
• Presentation and Submission: Your report should be concise, well-organized, and free from unnecessary jargon or filler. Proper citation and formatting are required.

Case study of transmedia story campaign Campaign: Trash isles 800 to 1000 words

Overview

In this short paper your primary goal is to select and detail a conflict, from your own experience, that you will use throughout the semester to apply conflict concepts. Step 1 details how to choose and write about your conflict. In Step 2 you will be applying what we learned about emotion to the conflict you describe in step 1.

Procedure

Follow the steps below to complete this assignment.

Step 1: Reflect on the Criteria and Choose a Conflict

You will be selecting and writing about a conflict throughout this course. To be as effective as possible, please carefully think about the criteria and tips below before choosing your scenario. If you need help or want confirmation a conflict will work reach out to your instructor as early as possible.

Think about a conflict between you and another person or two other people/parties that you have dealt with personally, either as a consultant, a mediator, or a witness, participant, etc. Choose a conflict that is complex and well-known to you, as you will be building on and analyzing this conflict throughout this course. In other words, choose a conflict that matters and has the potential for mediation.

Tips for choosing a good conflict for your assignments in this class:

• You will be using this conflict for assignments all semester. Choose one you can think and write about for a few months.
• Choose one that is relatively detailed and/or complex (enough that you can analyze it through multiple lenses).
• You should be able to see two different perspectives/views. It can sometimes be useful to think of a past conflict where you have had enough discussion with the other person that you think you really understand their perspective.
• It is usually easiest when there are just two people involved.
• It does not have to be your conflict but should be one you are very familiar with.
• Choose a conflict without a clear resolution (or one where there are multiple paths to resolution).

Step 2: Write up Your conflict Scenario and Scripts

Review the Sample Conflict Scenario and Scripts

Actions

• . When you have completed step two you should have three pages about your conflict:Page 1: Overview
• Page 2: Script of Person A
• Page 3: Script of Person B

Once you have chosen a conflict, write a brief, one page, overview of the conflict. Your overview should give the broad strokes of the situation. Who was involved, what happened, what types of interaction or interactions transpired.

Then, use one, one-sided, double-spaced page each to describe each persons/partys side of the conflict from their point of view (we will call this their script). The script does not need to include dialogue, but just a telling of the conflict from that persons perspective (why they perceived a conflict, what they saw as the issues, what they felt, their behavior during the conflict, what they hoped the outcome would be). Do not use the peoples real names; instead, use pseudonyms for the parties and to whomever else you refer in your description. Each description should clearly detail the persons position and desires. If you find yourself unfamiliar with one side of the conflict, reflect carefully on their goals, positions, and communication to create the best script possible (if you cant do this you likely need to choose a different conflict).

Step 3: Write an Essay

Please address the prompts below in an essay. Instead of having numbered question responses or bullet points please combine your answers into one coherent response. It may be helpful to use the prompts below and the rubric to create an outline of main ideas before you begin writing your essay.

• After you have completed your conflict scenario and scripts, identify the emotions that you can identify in both the first and second script. In other words, separately discuss the emotions you see demonstrated for each person in the conflict. For these emotions discuss what might have triggered them and specific behaviors that helped you identify the presence of these emotions.
• Look for examples of assertiveness or aggressiveness. Why would you label the emotion the way you did? What responses can you identify when this behavior occurred?

Submission Requirements

1. Save your paper as, LASTNAME_FIRSTNAME_CAS404.”
2. The essay should be a minimum of 500-700 words but no more than 1000.
3. Please include a word count at the bottom of your responses and BOLD any course terms or concepts.
4. Submit to the relevant assignment submission box as a Word Document (doc or docx).

Instructions Students will: (1) video record themselves on camera (students must be both seen and heard) delivering a persuasive speech of 3-5 minutes focused on advocating for a specific action, policy, or procedure; (2) submit to the assignment dropbox a Word document that presents their recorded speech video as a URL along with their APA formatted references. Students must: Design a well-organized and supported speech on a topic that is appropriate for a time limit of 3-5 minutes. Present a persuasive claim that is framed by a clear organizational framework that includes an introduction, supporting points, and a closing. Use at least 3 reputable sources as evidence in the speech; these sources must be presented both orally, using attributive tags (such as According to a report published by the CDC in 2023 or As stated by Professor X, a researcher at X school, in 2022), and in writing, using APA reference formatting. Use a suitable visual aid throughout the speech, such as a prop, brochure, infographic, or slideshow presentation. Video record themselves on camera presenting to the camera as their audience, ensuring that they can be both seen and heard. (Students must show themselves and their visual aid on camera.) Upload a Word document to the assignment dropbox that presents their speech video URL at the top of the page as well as their APA formatted references. Guidelines for Choosing a Topic When choosing a topic: Ensure the topic is persuasive by using a should statement to frame your argument rather than a how statement, which leans toward an informative speech. For example, note how plastic grocery bags should be banned is persuasive, while how to recycle is informative. Ensure the topic is appropriate for a 35-minute speech. This means that highly controversial topics should be avoided, as it takes more than 3-5 minutes to persuade someone to consider changing their core values. This also means that the scope of the argument should be narrow: focus on an aspect of an issue rather than the whole. For instance, in 3-5 minutes, you could focus on what might be done with a specific aspect of pollution, such as eliminating disposable straws about water pollution or cutting back on fast fashion to help impact landfill pollution. Topic Suggestions To help you select a topic, here are some examples of focused and persuasive claims appropriate to the context of a persuasive speech of 3-5 minutes in length: Nurses should not work twelve-hour shifts. Submission: Submit to the assignment dropbox a Word document that presents your recorded speech video as a URL along with APA formatted references.

All instructions on attached photo

I have an outline due today however I also need the same writer to write my essay that’s due in a few days, i am willing to pay extra and or leave a bigger tip if this can be achieved in the exact way the teacher wants it written, it would have a little bit of research to do however I can provide all instructions in terms of quotes, how the teacher wants it formatted ECT. CREATE MORE PARAGRAPHS OUTSIDE OF MY PRE WRITTEN OUTLINE. I have the articles and everything and they are all public online and its the 3 external quotes that i used feel free to go and collect more once again its a big task and im i will leave a TIP if you are willing to do the extra research. Directions:Essay Icon Submit the final draft of the research paper here. Your paper must have “three parts:” The analysis of the literature and the research/connection to a real life/world issue (7-10 pages). The Works Cited Page (1 page). The Self-Reflection Page (1 page). Note that you must upload a Word document. If you are using Google docs, download the paper to your hard-drive and then upload. The spacing gets mixed up if you upload directly from a Google drive. Make sure that your Works Cited Page is accurate and in alphabetical order by author’s last name. Do not have the paragraphs of description underneath the citations. Make sure that your One Page Self-Reflection Paper is also attached (you can place this paper after the Works Cited Page). Things to consider: Do you analyze the primary text? Do you analyze how the elements of fiction, poetry, or drama effect (yes, I mean effect as a verb) the theme of text? Do you research a real-world issue? Do you make a connection between the literature and the real-world issue? Do you synthesize the interview and explain how the interview supports your thesis statement? Be Sure You Have: Reviewed the topic itself. Reviewed the grading rubric (scroll down to view). Used the proper file format: Word. If you use Google Docs, download the doc to your hard-drive. Then, upload the file into the submission link. Do not use “pages.” Canvas cannot read .pages documents. Rubric Reviewed the grading rubric (scroll down to view). 10 Pts *1-2 sentences long *appears at the end of the introduction *contains the limited topic *contains the argument *contains the opinion or evidence 10 pts This criterion is linked to a learning outcomeThesis Content 10 Pts *thesis is original *thesis is analytical * thesis is clear *thesis is specific 10 pts This criterion is linked to a learning outcomeOverall Organization of Essay: Structure and Length 10 Pts *contains an intro, 3 body paragraphs, and conclusion * contains the required number of body paragraphs required by the directions *contains clear, smooth, logical transitions between paragraphs *contains a logical order of evidence and argument 10 pts This criterion is linked to a learning outcomeOverall Organization: Introduction and Conclusion 10 Pts *has a unified, organized, and developed hook*has a unified, organized, developed concluding hook * restates the thesis in the concluding paragraph 10 pts This criterion is linked to a learning outcomeBody Paragraph Structure 10 Pts *Each body paragraph is fully developed using the TIEE method *has clear topic sentences *has clear concluding sentences *has a logical order *uses transitions 10 pts This criterion is linked to a learning outcomeUse of Quotes and Evidence 10 Pts *all body paragraphs quote reliable evidence per paragraph *quotes/evidence are relevant to the subject as required by the directions *contains no unsupported assertions or facts without citation 10 pts This criterion is linked to a learning outcomeEvidence: Format of Quotations 10 Pts *quotes are properly introduced * no quotes appear in run-on sentences * sentences where quotes appear are properly punctuated. 10 pts This criterion is linked to a learning outcomeAnalysis: Content 10 Pts *contains 2 sentences of analysis for every quote *completely and thoroughly proves the thesis *provides an original take or viewpoint when proving the thesis *analysis relates to the real world using a Toulmin warrant 10 pts This criterion is linked to a learning outcomeTone/Grammar/Spelling/Punctuation 10 Pts *uses academic tone *uses precise language to express complex ideas * has few errors of any kind in grammar, spelling, and punctuation 10 pts This criterion is linked to a learning outcomeMLA Citation (In-Text Citations and Works Cited Page 10 Pts *uses proper MLA 9th edition in-text citation with no errors *follows MLA 9th edition citation format for works cited page with no errors *uses APA instead of MLA and/or has no works cited page

Johari Window Model: Exploring Self-Awareness

The Johari Window model was developed by Joseph Luft and Harrington Ingham in 1955. The Johari Window Model is a tool to increase self-awareness, personal development, and relationship development. The Johari window can be applied to a variety of interpersonal interactions in order to help us understand what parts of ourselves are open, hidden, blind, and unknown. To help understand the concept, think of a window with four panes. As you can see in

, one axis of the window represents things that are known to us, and the other axis represents things that are known to others.

The upper left pane contains open information that is known to us and to others. The amount of information that is openly known to others varies based on relational context. When you are with close friends, there is probably a lot of information already in the open pane, and when you are with close family, there is also probably a lot of information in the open pane. The information could differ, though, as your family might know much more about your past and your friends more about your present. Conversely, there isnt much information in the open pane when we meet someone for the first time, aside from what the other person can guess based on our nonverbal communication and appearance.

The bottom left pane contains hidden information that is known to us but not to others. As we are getting to know someone, we engage in self-disclosure and move information from the hidden to the open pane. By doing this, we decrease the size of our hidden area and increase the size of our open area, which increases our shared reality. The reactions that we get from people as we open up to them help us form our self-concepts and also help determine the trajectory of the relationship. If the person reacts favorably to our disclosures and reciprocates disclosure, then the cycle of disclosure continues and a deeper relationship may be forged.

The upper right pane contains information that is known to others but not to us. For example, we may be unaware of the fact that others see us as pushy or as a leader. Looking back to self-discrepancy theory from

, we can see that people who have a disconnect between how they see themselves and how others see them may have more information in their blind pane. Engaging in perception checking and soliciting feedback from others can help us learn more about our blind area.

The bottom right pane represents our unknown area, as it contains information not known to ourselves or others. To become more self-aware, we must solicit feedback from others to learn more about our blind pane, but we must also explore the unknown pane. To discover the unknown, we have to get out of our comfort zones and try new things. We have to pay attention to the things that excite or scare us and investigate them more to see if we can learn something new about ourselves. By being more aware of what is contained in each of these panes and how we can learn more about each one, we can more competently engage in self-disclosure and use this process to enhance our interpersonal relationships.

Take 9 minutes to watch this video and learn about the Johari Window Model

Assignment Instructions

For this assignment, you will create a Johari Window presentation, supported by narrated audio to explain the characteristics you place in each window. Follow these steps:

Part 1: Review the module page about the Johari Window

Part 2: Ask two (2) trusted family members and/or friends to assist you in the completing the blind window by providing feedback about your characteristics that you might not be aware of.

Part 3: Create your own Johari Window. Use PowerPoint [or any other platform you desire] to create a 6-slide presentation that represents the four areas of the Johari Window (Open, Blind, Hidden, Unknown).

• For each of the four windows (Open, Blind, Hidden, Unknown), include at least 3-4 images that visually represent the traits or characteristics you associate with each area. Along with the images, include a video recording where you explain why you chose each image and how it relates to the traits in that particular window.
• The first slide is an introduction – introducing yourself and briefly explaining the Johari Window.
• The second slide is the “Open” window
• The third slide is the “Blind” window
• The fourth slide is the “Hidden” window
• The fifth slide is the “Unknown” window
• The sixth slide is conclusion (Final closing sentence, picture, or quote that defines who you are & what you learned from this assignment.

Note: You can use powerpoint or zoom to record. Make sure the audio and powerpoint are in the same file.

Additional Instructions

• Introduction
• Begin your speech by introducing the concept of the Johari Window.
• Provide a brief overview of its origin and purpose in the field of psychology and interpersonal communication.
• Mention the key components of the Johari Window: Open, Blind, Hidden, and Unknown.
• Open Area
• Identify and describe what you believe to be your “Open Area” (known to self and others).
• Share strategies and techniques you have used or plan to use to expand your “Open Area.”
• Explain how these strategies can lead to improved communication, relationships, and personal development.
• Blind
• Discuss aspects of your personality or behavior that may fall under the “Blind Area” (unknown to self but known to others).
• Share who assisted you with this window.
• Hidden Window
• Share insights into aspects of yourself that you tend to keep hidden from others, whether intentionally or unintentionally.
• Reflect on why you might be keeping these aspects hidden and what this means for your relationships and self-awareness.
• Unknown Area
• Discuss the concept of the “Unknown Area,” which represents aspects of yourself that neither you nor others are aware of.
• Reflect on the potential for personal growth by exploring and uncovering this unknown territory through self-reflection and feedback.
• Conclusion
• Summarize the key points of your speech, emphasizing the importance of the Johari Window in self-awareness and interpersonal growth.
• Reflect on what you have learned about yourself through this exercise and how it may influence your future interactions with others.

These are the assignment instructions, please use PowerPoint to do this assignment. For the speaker notes write down for each slide what I will need to read for each slide on a google document, labeled with what it belongs to.

PLEASE FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTIONS !! AND PLEASE DO NOT PLAGIARIZE OR USE AI !! Thanks !

The task is to collaboratively create an agenda for a team meeting. Everyone on the team will be assigned a role and should participate in creating one or more sections of the collaborative document. The agenda should make logical, chronological sense and attempt to accomplish the meeting’s goals in an efficient and productive way. I am attaching the instructions and criteria.

So for this module, I need to write a 30005000 word integrative literature review. That means Im not doing original data collection, but I need to read and synthesize at least 10 empirical academic papers and identify themes, research gaps, and future research directions.

My topic is under entertainment communication, and Im currently planning to focus on fandom studies, specifically how AI-generated content is reshaping fan fiction and fan creative practices. The reason I chose this is because fandom is usually studied as participatory culture and emotional communication, but now AI tools are starting to change authorship, creativity, and fan labour, and there isnt much integrated research summarizing this yet.

Right now, Im working on an interim report proposal which includes:

A working title

A problem statement (research gap)

A purpose statement (what I want to examine)

Key literature themes

35 core academic readings

Later in the semester, this proposal will expand into the full literature review paper. All you need to do now is to write this mid-term report.

Attached is the instructions of this interm report and the final assignment instruction.

Introduction

In this assignment, you will conduct a basic web and social media audit for your client using at least one online listening tool. You may select a listening tool discussed in class, or another that you have access to. You may also use multiple listening tools to conduct your audit.

Present your audit findings as a 3- to 5-page paper that includes all the sections noted below in the directions. Include 1-3 screenshots of data gleaned from your listening tool. Your paper must be uploaded to course site via the Assignments tool no later than 11:59 p.m. ET on Tuesday. Use APA Style for this and all assignments.

Directions

Your paper should include the following sections. Use the bulleted suggestions and questions within each section to inform the content of that particular section:

1. Executive Summary

• Insert the key learnings from the audit and brief summary of your recommendation in this section. This is similar to the abstract for an academic or research paper. Limit this section to one paragraph.

2. Client Background

• Provide a brief explanation of your client, its audience(s), its organizational goals, its primary competitor(s), and its communication goals in this section. If it does not have any, note that, and explain why. Include a brief description of how it provides its key services/products to its audiences. Limit this section to no more than four paragraphs.

3. Audit Method

In this section, explain the following in no more than two paragraphs:

• What was the scope of the audit?
• What tools did you use?

4. Online Presence Analysis

This section should thoroughly answer the following questions in no more than four paragraphs. Provide up to two screenshots that illustrate any of the below:

• What does your clients overall digital presence look like? Provide as objective a review as possible.
• Evaluate your clients website (primary website, if it has several): is it up to date? What purpose does, or should, it? Is it fulfilling that purpose? Is it integrated with any microsites?
• How does your clients overall online presence stack up in comparison to its competitors?
• Review the organizations search engine results (using a major search engine, such as Google or Bing). Does the first page of results point to its website and social profiles? Does anything negative or inaccurate come up? What happens when you search for the category, rather than the organization by name? What are the results of reverse searches, if any?

5. Social Footprint Analysis

Following from the online presence analysis, now present an overview of the clients social media footprint. Detail the following as you draft this section, which should be no longer than six paragraphs.

What about the clients social media presence? Give an overview of its social media channels. Include the follower/fan count of each, and also evaluate post frequency, audience interaction with posts, etc.

Analyze the content that is posted to its primary social media channels: what is the cadence of posts? Do they seem to post too much or too little? How active/responsive are the fans? What sort of content seems to resonate?

Compare and contrast your clients social media presence to the same competitor(s) identified in the website evaluation, i.e. the previous section.

6. Conversation Analysis

In this section, present a deeper analysis of top-line findings from the previous section, which focuses specifically on relevant online conversation, if any. Use the following questions to respond to and inform this section, which should be limited to six paragraphs. Include up to two screenshots of conversations you have found.

• How much conversation is taking place online about your client?
• Where does it take place (e.g. blogs, forums, Facebook, Twitter, media coverage, etc.)?
• Is your client mentioned in any blogs? Are they relevant? Are the articles/posts favorable to your client or not?
• Is your client mentioned in news articles online? How do these articles and blog posts affect your clients reputation online? How/where are these articles being shared and among whom?
• What major themes have emerged about your client? Provide examples verbatim or as screenshots.
• Have any influencers emerged? (i.e. people who are talking about your brand and appear to have a large influence measured by the number of followers they have, the outlet they write for, etc.).
• Are you able to gauge sentiment (positive/negative/neutral) from evaluating the online conversation around your client?

7. Opportunities/Recommendations

This is the final section of your paper, and should be limited to eight paragraphs. Respond to the following questions to inform this section and wrap up your paper:

• What are some key insights and takeaways from the audit?
• Based on the audit, what opportunities exist for your client? What challenges do they need to be aware of and surmount?
• What is your social media recommendation for your client based on the key insights and takeaways from the audit?

My targrt client is Facebook, and for the Social Media Monitoring Tools using Brand24