Category: Criminal Justice

Utilize the instructions, template and rubric to write the paper. 8 Peer reviewed sources

The research project paper must be at least 2,450 words, minus the cover and reference pages. Papers should not be more than ten (10) double-spaced pages. There should be a minimum of five (5) references. The margins for each page must be 1 on all sides, and the font must be Times New Roman at size 12. The research project paper will only be accepted for credit in MS Word. All projects must be submitted to the Course Dropbox. Course projects sent through an email or as an email attachment will not be accepted for credit unless the course Dropbox is unavailable and the professor has given the student permission. The course research project paper must be written in a formal writing style or the third person, without person pronouns (e.g., you, we, they, or I). The research project paper should be written as an observer reporting his(her) findings. Quotes should not be used. The term project should be in the students own words. Quotes should be limited to only passages so profound that putting the statement into your own words would dilute the meaning or when defending a point being made. Quotes will be subtracted from the total word count.

Explain and discuss the basic difference(s) between Decoding Nonverbal Communication in Law Enforcement and tell your own opinion and why .

Reading # 2.5. Decoding Nonverbal Communication in Law Enforcement——- 5 Points. Remember to respond to other Student’s opinion, at least three responses.

The discussion should not be less than 500 words. Remember to put-up a question and respond to other student’s questions.

1. Otu N. (2024) Criminal Justice Policy Issues, (2ndEd.) San Diego, CA., Cognella,ISBN 978-1-935551-66-9).

Trace the legislative history of federal cocaine sentencing policy in the United Statesfrom the enactment of the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 through subsequent reforms such as the Fair Sentencing Act of 2010 and the First Step Act of 2018and analyze the key controversies these laws have generated, particularly in terms of sentencing disparities between powder cocaine and crack cocaine and the racial and social justice debates surrounding them.

In your answer, be sure to address:

1. Key statutes and reforms that created and modified sentencing differences between crack and powder cocaine (e.g., the 100:1 ratio in the 1986 Act and changes reducing that disparity). (at least 2 statutes or reforms)
2. Arguments lawmakers and advocates made at the time for and against these policies, including claims about public safety, drug harms, and the rationale for differential treatment. (at least one argument from each side)
3. Critiques and controversies regarding the effects of these laws, especially racial disparities in enforcement and punishment. (at least 2 critiques or controversies)
4. Subsequent reform efforts and how they attempted to address or mitigate the disparity (e.g., Fair Sentencing Act, First Step Act, and ongoing legislative proposals).

Your essay should be a minimum of 500 words.

Guided Response: Respond to at least three of your classmates by commenting on their posts.

Though three replies is the basic expectation for the introduction discussion, for deeper engagement and learning, you are encouraged to provide responses to any comments or questions others have given to you. Remember, continuing to engage with peers and the instructor will further the conversation and provide you with opportunities to demonstrate your content expertise, critical thinking, and real-world experiences with this topic.

USE ATTACHED WORD DOCUMTENT FOR THIS ASSIGNMENT

The assignment requirements are in a screenshot that is attached. There are also screenshots of some of the source material as well that I want to use. The source info in the screenshots is from Saferstein & Roy (2018). APA format. The entire source information is provided in a screenshot as well, but this is the reference entry: Saferstein, R., & Roy, T. (2018). Forensic Science: From the Crime Scene to the Crime Lab (4th ed.). Pearson Education (US). I want to use this source as well: Other scholarly sources can be used, but the sources need to remain below 10% of the paper. I need to address all requirements, but I also want to be sure to discuss Serial Number Restoration and how the crime scene investigator would explain how the firearm was discovered, photographed, documented, and collected. In addition, how all individuals who handled the evidence would testify about their role, the precautions taken to preserve evidence, and all steps involved in maintaining the chain of custody. The sources I provided talk about this. The investigator must also demonstrate in court that the firearm presented is the same one recovered at the scene. This is accomplished by referencing evidence labels, documentation, and chain-of-custody records. The forensic firearms examiner would then testify about the laboratory analysis performed and explain whether the firearm could be linked to bullets or cartridge cases recovered from the crime scene. Because the serial number on the pistol has been removed, forensic specialists may attempt to restore it using chemical etching or other metallurgical techniques. I want to use a scholarly source to briefly explain the restoration process. I want to talk about the Integrated Ballistic Identification System (IBIS), which uses special imaging equipment and software to store and compare ballistic evidence from crime scenes I also want to be sure to talk about DNA and fingerprint testing and how anyone handling the firearm needs to do so with gloves, and in a manner that prevents contaminating or destroying fingerprints/evidence.

Complete the Data Highlights: Group Projects on page 629 of your Brase, Brase, Dolor, and Seibert textbook.

Discuss the following topics.

The Statistical Abstract of the United States reported information about the percentage of arrests related to DUI (driving under the influence) according to age group. In the table shown here, entry 3.7 in the first row means that in the entire United States, about 3.7 of all DUI arrests were in the age group 1617 years. The Freemont County Sheriffs Office obtained data about the number of drivers arrested for DUI in each age group over the past several years. In the table, entry 8 in the first row means that eight people in the age group 1617 years were arrested for DUI in Freemont County.

Use a chi-square test with a 5% level of significance to test the claim that the age distribution of DUI arrests in Freemont County is the same as the national age distribution of DUI arrests.

1. State the null and alternate hypotheses.
2. Find the value of the chi-square test statistic from the sample.
3. Find the degrees of freedom and the P-value of the test statistic.
4. Decide whether you should reject or not reject the null hypothesis.
5. State your conclusion in the context of the problem.
6. How could you gather data and conduct a similar test for the city or county in which you live? Explain.

Please note that the table that they refer to is in your text.

Select a documented case study of systemic organizational failure within a criminal justice agency (e.g., a specific “pattern or practice” investigation by the DOJ, a major corruption scandal, or a documented period of chronic mismanagement). Evaluate this failure through the lens of the following four pillars:

1. Leadership & Power Dynamics: Identify the leadership style present (e.g., Transformational, Transactional, or Autocratic). Did the leadership utilize legitimate power effectively, or did a reliance on coercive power contribute to the crisis?
2. Communication Barriers: Analyze the flow of information. How did formal or informal communication networks (the “grapevine”) fail to relay critical ethical concerns? Discuss the presence of “silos” or “organizational silence.
3. The Ethical Infrastructure: Assess whether the failure was a result of “bad apples” (individual ethics) or a “bad barrel” (organizational culture). How did the organization’s informal norms override its formal code of ethics?

Critical Analysis Requirements

• Synthesis: Do not treat the three pillars as isolated sections. Your paper must demonstrate how leadership styles directly influence communication patterns, which in turn relate to ethical decision-making.
• Refer to the materials from the course or external references.
• Recommendation: Conclude with a strategic “rehabilitation plan” for the agency. What specific organizational change model would you implement to restore integrity?

———————————————————————————————

Book

Stojkovic, S., Kalinich, D., & Klofas, J. (2015). Criminal Justice Organizations:

Administration and Management, 6th Ed., Cengage Publishing.

ISBN: 978-1-285-45901-1

Family violence research has typically examined traditional relationships, such as husbandwife, boyfriendgirlfriend, and parentchild. There are other ignored populations such as violence within military and police families, families with children with disabilities, marginalized populations (e.g., racial, cultural, LGBTQ, etc.), and violence within certain religious groups. Are these still within parameters of family/domestic violence? Yesthrough the lens of the family.

Psychological theories can provide unique insights into why family violence occurs and how it affects understudied populations. Each theory has a unique focus that expands awareness and brings attention to the unique processes that can result in violent behaviors within an understudied population.

For this Discussion, you will examine an understudied family violence population and identify an existing psychological theory that may help uncover the underlying mental, emotional, and behavioral processes that often go unrecognized in mainstream research or interventions.

• Based on the first letter of your last name, you are assigned to examine the corresponding understudied population of family violence.
• Last name begins with:
• A F: Military and police families
• G L: Families with children with disabilities
• M R: Marginalized populations (e.g., racial, cultural, LGBTQ, etc.)
• S Z: Violence within religious groups
• Consider the following theories applicable to the psychology of family violence. (Note: For your Discussion post, you will choose one of the theories and discuss how it may apply to family violence within your assigned understudied population).
• Feminist theory
• Family systems theory
• Psycho-pathological theory and socio-psychological theories.
• Structural theory