Category: Criminology

Brief the case Commonwealth v. Perl, 2000. You can find this case on pages 112-116 in the textbook. Your brief should contain the following sections: Facts, Issues, Holding, and Rationale. Read the instructions below carefully and be sure to apply the feedback you received from the first case brief. Please upload your response as a Word Document or PDF. Do not submit a link. Your case brief should be no more than two pages, double-spaced. Please use size 12 font. You can use any standard font type (Calibri, Times New Roman, Arial). In part from the textbook Introduction to Law and Criminal Justice on pages 7-12 (Acker & Malatesta, 2015): Briefing cases is a standard technique to analyze and more fully comprehend long and oftentimes complicated court case decisionsthe opinion. To brief a case means to write your understanding of it according to the structure outlined as follows. Begin by providing the name of the case, its full citation, and the textbook page where the opinion begins (for easy reference). Then, organize your case brief into the following sections: Facts: The first section of your brief should summarize the relevant case facts. Describe what happened in the case. This should be enough background to describe the context and arguments leading up to the current appeal. The facts might include important aspects of the crime- the who, how, when, where, what, and why- along with important details of its investigation and prosecution. Also, briefly describe the outcomes of the lower court rulings, known as the judicial history of the case, that preceded the decision you are briefing. If any particular constitutional issue is raised during this discussion, be sure to include this as well. This should be brief but thorough. Issue(s): The next section of the brief should state the precise question or questions of law presented to the appellate court for decision. You should state the issue comprehensively in the form of a question that allows even readers who are unfamiliar with the case facts to understand what the court is being asked to decide, “Should the conviction be reversed?” or “Was the defendant properly found guilty of murder?” are too vague. “Can a murder conviction be upheld when the alleged victim’s body has not been discovered and proof of the alleged death rests exclusively on circumstantial evidence?” clearly outlines the major issue the court is deciding. Holding: The court’s holding is a concise answer to the question in the issues section. For example, the holding in a case involving the preceding question might be: “No. The proof necessary to support a murder conviction does not have to include discovery of the victim’s body, but rather can be in the form of circumstantial evidence of the victim’s death. Conviction affirmed.” Rationale: This last section of your brief should summarize the reasons offered by the court in support of its holding. This is likely to be the longest part of your brief. You must use your own analytical skills to understand and then succinctly explain the main points and justifications for the court’s decision. If concurring or dissenting opinions were written, make note of important points raised in them that complement or challenge the majority opinion’s reasoning. This section is very important because the opinions of a court often rely on past decisions (precedent) along with other reasoning/authority in support of the holding. Additionally, the legal reasoning in this case can be expected to influence future case decisions.

Read Chapter 3 Read the following two articles: Retreat Does Not Equal Surrender: Defensive Deadly Force in Dwellings After People v. Aiken (Length: 22 pp.): &context=lawreview The Subway Vigilante, Columbia Magazine: 3) Read New York Penal Law “Title C Defenses,” Articles 25, 30, 35 and 40, which covers Sections 25.00 to 40.15. See the links to these Articles: Article 25 Defenses in General ( ) Article 30 Defense of infancy ( ) Article 35 Defense of Justification ( ) Article 40 Other Defenses Involving Lack of Culpability ( ) 4) Complete the below exercise and submit your written responses by the due date. ———————————- Exercise Read the following two scenarios and answer the question included with each. At a concert at Carnegie Hall in Manhattan, a frail and elderly 5-foot-1 inch woman is repeatedly hitting and poking a 6-foot-3-inch, 250-pound college wrestler, Jack (good friends call him Big Jack), with a wooden broomstick. Jack is backed into a corner and cannot escape without going past the woman, who is furious with Jack about insulting remarks he made about her floral hat, and for which he refused to apologize. Under New Yorks law of justification (PL 35.15), and considering his size/strength advantage, what level of force, if any at all, can Jack use to defend himself against the woman? Give a detailed answer, citing the Penal Law (100-word limit). On a Saturday night, on the sidewalk outside of a local bar in Downtown Brooklyn, Andrew starts a fight with James after both had been arguing about politics inside (they were arguing about the last presidential election). Andrew is punching James in the face at will because James is so drunk that he can barely see straight or raise his arms in defense to block Andrews punches. Buck, a former U.S. Marine who is a passenger in a car that is stopped at a red light in front of the bar, sees what is happening and jumps out to help James. He tells his girlfriend Cheryl, who is driving, Ill be right back. Buck approaches Andrew, pushes him hard against the brick wall of the bar and says, Get lost. Andrews eyes widened in terror, and he ran off without saying a word. Under New Yorks law of justification (PL 35.15), and considering that Buck did not know James at all, were Bucks actions lawful? Give a detailed answer citing the Penal Law (100-word limit).

Write a five (5) page minimum, DOUBLE SPACED, 12-FONT TIMES ROMAN paper with references and sources cited in APA format. Your cover sheet and your source citing/references are NOT included in the five page minimum. Long-Term Effects of Child Abuse and Neglect on Development Great because: Heavy textbook support Very research-friendly Lets me analyze psychological AND social impacts I could discuss: Emotional damage Behavioral problems Criminal involvement later in life Substance abuse Intergenerational abuse You can actually discuss all of the following within one subject area (perhaps a particular case): Emotional damage Behavioral problems Criminal involvement later in life Substance abuse Intergenerational abuse

Discuss your views about how much crime and violence in society would disappear if there were no crime-and-justice media. 2. Discuss the character Hannibal Lector as a construction of predatory criminality and why the predator criminal image enjoys lasting popularity. 3. Discuss a commercial film’s portrayal of a real serial killer in comparison with the historical facts. 2 references required

Greece is the country I want to use. This is a 700 word assignment. You will have 3 references on an APA reference page. Compare the US model of policing to another country. Choose a US local, state or federal agency. Next, choose the country base on the first letter of your name. If you are named Kevin, I could pick Kenya. Structure of Law Enforcement Briefly describe how policing is organized in your chosen country. Is policing centralized or local? Are officers national employees, local employees, or both? How does this compare to the United States system of federal, state, county, and local agencies? Training and Education Compare police training between the U.S. and your chosen country. Length of training. Emphasis on law, firearms, de-escalation, or community engagement. Whether police training resembles vocational training or higher education 3. Role and Expectations of Police Discuss what police officers are primarily expected to do in that country. Compare this to common expectations of police officers in the United States. Use of Force and Public Trust Without turning this into a political argument, briefly discuss: Whether officers are routinely armed. How public trust in police compares to the U.S.

CJ345M2: Evaluate the implementation of problem-oriented policing within criminal justice entities. Presentation: Implementation of Problem-Oriented Policing You are the chief of police of Riverside, and the following incident has been reported to you. You have been asked to deliver a presentation to the town council in their next session that provides an action plan using the SARA model in relation to the incident. Incident Reported Officer James Armstrong, School Resource Officer at Riverside High School, has discovered spray-painted graffiti on the concession stand of the schools football field. Officer Armstrong has recently attended a gang investigation course and recognizes that the graffiti looks suspiciously like gang-related artwork, but he has not confirmed his suspicions. In conjunction with the murals, Armstrong believes that he has witnessed students using hand signals of an unknown nature in his hallway patrols. Also, several students have been wearing neck bandanas that he finds to be suspicious. Officer Armstrong alerts the principal and is informed that similar graffiti is also located in the school’s front parking lot. Several teachers have expressed concern about recent news reports that gang violence is increasing nearby. The principal states he is considering implementing a zero-tolerance policy regarding any outward displays of gang affiliation to alleviate teacher concerns. Riverside has historically been a good school. The school has won several awards for safety and is considered by many in the community an outstanding school. It is a concern to the school, and the community, that the gang violence that has affected the neighboring urban city of Rockville may be spreading to Riverside. Residents are fearful that the historically safe and secure Riverside High School may be under threat of violence itself. Presentation Directions Develop a 10- to 15-slide (excluding title and reference slides) Microsoft PowerPoint presentation. For the presentation: Use the SARA model to evaluate the implementation of an action plan to address this issue. Be sure to include an examination of how multiculturalism and diversity perspectives may impact the plan elements. You will need to include elements of community and problem-oriented policing to set a foundation for the SARA model and how it will be utilized in your action plan. Include two to three examples and recommend one or more solutions to the issue. For assistance with this assessment, refer to Chapter 2 of your text. Note: This assessment will require outside research. Support your paper with at least three scholarly resources. In addition to these specified resources, other appropriate scholarly resources may be included. Be sure to include citations for quotations and paraphrases with references in APA format and style where appropriate. You may consult the online Library, the internet, the textbook, other course material, and any other outside resources to support your task, using proper APA citation. PowerPoint is a robust visual medium. The presentation should address adult learning principles to include visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learners. The document that you are being asked to present should be presentation ready for the chief of police. Please be sure to include pictures, hyperlinks to outside information, and a sample police recruiting video for an example of your messaging. Presenter notes and voiceover files are required for this presentation (150 words per slide, absent the cover and references slide).

“Patterns of Crime”, and here we will be discussing things like age, race, and gender and their influence on crime patterns.

This week looks at crime data, trends, and patterns. How do you interpret the differences between genders or races with respect to crime/deviance? Which of the offerred explanations makes sense to you the most? Do you think any of the perspectives included this week are flawed? Do you think that institutional bias plays a major role in justice outcomes? Why or why not?

1) The death penalty remains one of the most debated punishments in the American criminal justice system. Supporters argue it is a powerful deterrent against murder, a means of upholding justice, and a way to provide closure to victims’ families. They believe it prevents future harm by permanently removing dangerous individuals from society and may be more cost-effective than life imprisonment. From this view, the punishment is both rational and necessary. On the other hand, critics argue that capital punishment fails to deter crime, grants the state too much power over life and death, and reinforces social inequalities. They point to data showing racial disparities in sentencing and note that people without access to strong legal representation are more likely to be sentenced to death. Opponents also question whether the death penalty is more costly than life in prison and whether it truly delivers justice. For this discussion, draw upon your understanding of Rational Choice Theory, which assumes that individuals weigh the costs and benefits before engaging in criminal behavior. Use the prompts below to guide your thinking and analysis. There is no need to restate the prompts in your post, just develop a well-reasoned response that addresses the themes. Discussion Prompts: Should the death penalty be permitted in a rational criminal justice system? Does the death penalty deter crime from a Rational Choice perspective? How might a persons race or socioeconomic status influence whether they receive the death penalty? Your response should connect theory to practice and demonstrate critical thinking. Use evidence where appropriate, and be respectful of differing viewpoints in your discussion. 2)

After viewing the video Anne Milgram: Why Smart Statistics Are the Key to Fighting Crime, respond to the following question: In your opinion, should decisions be made based upon intuition and experience or based purely on data? In your response, consider how data and analytics are being used to improve the criminal justice system. In addition, how is data used to predict interventions that may be needed? When responding to your peers, continue to discuss the roles and limitations of data. What are the pros and cons of data-based decision making versus intuition-based decision making? Explain.

After viewing the video Anne Milgram: Why Smart Statistics Are the Key to Fighting Crime, respond to the following question: In your opinion, should decisions be made based upon intuition and experience or based purely on data? In your response, consider how data and analytics are being used to improve the criminal justice system. In addition, how is data used to predict interventions that may be needed? When responding to your peers, continue to discuss the roles and limitations of data. What are the pros and cons of data-based decision making versus intuition-based decision making? Explain.