Category: Criminology

Discussion Instructions Module 4 Discussion: Chi-Square & Nonparametric Tests. You have had an opportunity to learn about various concepts and strategies connected to connected to chi-square and nonparametric tests. This discussion is designed to assist you in reflecting upon how what you are learning can be applied beyond this course. This discussion has two parts. First, you will need to post your response to the discussion prompt. Second, you will need to reply to at least one of your classmates’ responses to the discussion prompt. Discussion Prompt Think about criminal justice-related happenings that you could explore in your local community. With that thought in mind, develop one research question where the chi-square test of independence would be the most appropriate statistical technique to use. Then, develop a research question where one of the following nonparametric tests would be the most appropriate statistical technique to use: Fisher’s exact test, McNemar test, or Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Briefly discuss which question you anticipate would produce the most significant results and why. Response Prompt Once you have posted your description and example, read several of your classmates’ examples and provide at least one constructive response to one of your classmate’s posts. Responses should be more than a statement of agreement and disagreement and should provide sufficient dialogue regarding similarities and/or differences that exist, what ideas were generated from the post, etc. Your responses are expected to be constructive and focused on the content of the post. Please keep in mind that while constructive responses can be critical, they are not demeaning and are not targeted at the individual who posted the discussion post.

my career intention is to go into probation centered and line spacing should be 1 no reference page. no running head model attached

my career intention is to go into probation centered and line spacing should be 1 no reference page. no running head model attached

Please discuss the concepts of Path Goal and Leader-Member Exchange Theories of Leadership. Please be sure to discuss the qualities of Path-Goal leadership and how you might utilize these qualities in your leadership style within a public safety setting. Specifically, please touch on Directive, Supportive, Participative and Achievement-Oriented Leadership. Finally, please be sure to incorporate Biblical concepts/passages into your response. Based on Leadership 10th editio, by Northhouse chapters 6-7

Discussion Post: Trauma, Suicide, and Cyberstalking

1) PTSD Diagnostic Criteria in Adults

Although PTSD is often used loosely in popular culture, the DSM-5 defines specific criteria for adults (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013):

• Exposure to a traumatic event involving actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence, either directly, witnessed, or indirectly.
• Intrusive symptoms such as recurrent memories, flashbacks, or distressing dreams related to the trauma.
• Avoidance behaviors, including avoiding reminders, thoughts, or places associated with the trauma.
• Negative alterations in cognition and mood, such as persistent negative beliefs, distorted blame, or emotional numbing.
• Marked changes in arousal and reactivity, including hypervigilance, irritability, sleep disturbances, or concentration problems.
• Duration and functional impact: Symptoms must last more than one month and cause significant impairment in daily life.

James and Gilliland (2017) emphasize that careful assessment is essential, as trauma reactions vary and not all distress following a traumatic event meets full PTSD criteria.

2) Suicide Clues and Warning Signs

James and Gilliland (2017) differentiate suicide clues from suicide warning signs:

• Suicide clues are subtle, indirect indicators such as talking about death, giving away possessions, or writing notes. They signal underlying distress but may not indicate immediate risk.
• Suicide warning signs are urgent indicators, including expressing a desire to die, hopelessness, preparing for death, or sudden mood changes.

All suicidal gestures should be taken seriously. Even behaviors that appear minor or attention-seeking indicate significant psychological pain (Shneidman, 1996). Crisis interventionists must respond promptly to assess lethality, provide support, and prevent escalation.

3) Cyberstalking and Its Impact

Cyberstalking is the use of electronic communicationsocial media, email, or text messagingto harass, intimidate, or threaten an individual. Victims may experience (James & Gilliland, 2017; Sheridan & Grant, 2007):

• Emotional distress: Anxiety, depression, hypervigilance, and fear for personal safety.
• Disruption of daily life: Avoiding online activity, altering routines, or social withdrawal.
• Long-term psychological impact: Persistent feelings of helplessness and decreased sense of control.

Crisis interventionists can help by validating the victims experiences, assisting with safety planning, connecting victims with legal and technological resources, and helping restore a sense of empowerment and control over their environment.

Biblical perspective: The Bible emphasizes caring for the vulnerable and oppressed: Defend the weak and the fatherless; uphold the cause of the poor and the oppressed (Psalm 82:3, New International Version). In crisis work, supporting victims of cyberstalking reflects this principle of protection and justice.

References

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

James, R. K., & Gilliland, B. E. (2017). Crisis intervention strategies (8th ed.). Cengage Learning.

Shneidman, E. S. (1996). The suicidal mind. Oxford University Press.

Sheridan, L., & Grant, T. (2007). Is cyberstalking different? Psychology, Crime & Law, 13(6), 627640. https://doi.org/10.1080/10683160601053697

Psalm 82:3. (New International Version)

Article Critique: Police Ethnocentricity, Subculture, and Historical Evolution Assignment

Locate two (2) peer-reviewed articles no older than 5-10 years about ethics in policing

administration. Provide an in-depth discussion of the findings in each article.

Based on your critique of the literary pieces, what might an ethical organization look like?

Specify the characteristics of training, leadership, and employees that might be expected in

an ethical police organization.

Review the biblical themes in the video titled: Police Ethnocentricity, Subculture, and

Historical Evolution found in the modules Learn section.

Discuss some of the challenges associated with organizations that are replete with

corruption like racism and discrimination from a Christian and Biblical worldview.

Length: 4-7 pages not including title page, abstract, and reference pages

Each article critique must include two strengths and two weaknesses.

Ive attached the assignment details the link for the articles you should be happy to copy and paste if you cannot Ill copy them here and let me know if you have any questions Articles to skim through that argue for private policing: Articles to skim through that argue against private policing:

Discuss the National Preparedness Goal and whether it is feasible to achieve it. Please reference “Understanding Homeland Security” by Gus Martin 2023, 4th edition.

Compare and contrast Old Terrorism and New Terrorism. To what extent do you think that the contagion effect occurs in both forms of terrorism? Please ref book ” Understanding Homeland Security” by Gus Martin, 2023 4th edition

Discussion Board 2 – Recruitment & Selection In this module, you were assigned to read the PERF (Police Executive Research Forum) report titled, The Staffing Crisis (RecruitmentRetention.pdf Download RecruitmentRetention.pdf ). Since this course is asynchronous learning, please ensure you have read and understand the report. After, please answer the below question. Your initial post must be between 250 and 500 words with at least one reference supporting your points. You must also complete at least one reply post to any one of your cohorts between 125 and 250 words with at least one reference supporting your points. Your posts should be substantive in nature and not a general theme. The initial post is due on or before Friday 11:59 PM, and your reply post is due on or before Sunday 11:59 PM of the corresponding week. The discussion posts count up to 50% of your grade, and you must follow the instructions, word count, and reference requirements to receive the highest potential grade. Rules: As mentioned in the syllabus, you should also respond and comment to at least one of the posts by others. Failure to do so will result in deduction in points. Netiquette (ethic rules in discussions) in CANVAS classes: The University has a strong commitment to the principles of free speech, open access to knowledge, and respect for a diversity of opinions. However, it is important to be polite and respectful to others in an online environment. Netiquette is a set of rules for behaving properly and professionally online. Something about cyberspace makes it easy for people to forget that they are interacting with other real people. Here are some basics to communicating online: Be sensitive to the fact that there will be different cultural and linguistic backgrounds as well as different political and religious beliefs, plus just differences in general. Use good taste when composing your responses in Discussion Forums. Swearing and profanity should be avoided as part of being sensitive to your classmates. Also, consider that slang or sarcasm can be misunderstood or misinterpreted. Dont use all capital letters when composing your responses as this is considered shouting on the internet and is regarded as impolite or aggressive. It can also be stressful on the eye when trying to read your message. Be respectful of your others views and opinions. Avoid flaming (publicly attacking or insulting) them as this can cause hurt feelings by and decrease the chances of getting all different types of points of view. meaning first, then put the acronym in parentheses afterward, for example: Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs). After that you can use the acronym freely throughout your message. Use good grammar and spelling and avoid using text messaging shortcuts. Most importantly, please remain professional in all communications with your classmates and me. College can be stressful at times, but remember I am preparing you to be a professional in a stressful field and expect professionalism. Be sure to think before pressing the Send/Submit button! 1) According to our readings in this module, and specifically outlined in the PERF report, our nation is experiencing a staffing crisis in the law enforcement profession. Identify and explain the cause of this crisis (the report identifies five specific causes). What measures are identified to address the crisis (identify and explain at least five of them)? Which resolution do you believe will be most effective and why?