Category: Economics

  • a.w wk 5 disc

    What is fiscal policy? What are the tools of fiscal policy? Discuss the impact of expansionary fiscal policy and specifically the fiscal policies used during the Great Recession of 2008-2009 on operation of business operation. Have we seen other significant fiscal policies enacted even more recently than 2008-9?

    Submit your initial post by midnight, Day 3. Please respond to two of your classmates’ posts by midnight, Day 7.

    Rubrics

    • BSB Discussion Board Rubric

    reply to:

    Week 5

    Contains unread posts

    caleb Crumb` posted Feb 3, 2026 9:32 AM

    Good morning,

    Fiscal policy refers to how the government uses spending and taxation to influence overall economic activity and maintain economic stability. By adjusting government spending and tax policies, the government can affect employment, consumer demand, and economic growth. The main tools of fiscal policy include government spending programs, tax cuts, and tax increases, which are used differently depending on economic conditions. Expansionary fiscal policy is typically implemented during economic downturns or recessions and aims to stimulate growth by increasing government spending, lowering taxes, or both. These actions help put more money into the economy, encouraging consumers to spend and businesses to invest, which can lead to job creation and increased economic activity.

    During the Great Recession of 20082009, the U.S. government used expansionary fiscal policy through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, which provided stimulus funding, tax rebates, and large investments in infrastructure to support businesses and reduce unemployment. These measures were intended to stabilize the economy and promote recovery during a period of severe financial crisis. More recently, during the COVID-19 pandemic, expansionary fiscal policies such as stimulus checks, enhanced unemployment benefits, and the Paycheck Protection Program helped sustain consumer demand and allowed many businesses to remain operational despite widespread shutdowns. Together, these examples show how fiscal policy can play a crucial role in supporting economic recovery during times of crisis.

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    W5: Impact of expansionary fiscal policy on business environment (Mitchell Suh)

    Contains unread posts

    Mitchell Suh posted Feb 2, 2026 4:12 AM

    Fiscal policy is the governments use of spending and taxes to influence the economy. The main tools of fiscal policy include government spending, tax cuts or increases, and transfer payments such as unemployment benefits.

    Expansionary fiscal policy is used during recessions to help stimulate economic activity. It works by increasing government spending or lowering taxes to boost demand. During the Great Recession of 20082009, the U.S. government used expansionary fiscal policy through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. This policy increased spending on infrastructure projects, provided tax relief, and expanded unemployment benefits. These actions helped businesses by increasing consumer spending and reducing the severity of job losses, even though many firms still faced financial challenges.

    More recently, expansionary fiscal policy was used during the COVID-19 pandemic. The government issued stimulus checks, expanded unemployment benefits, and created programs like the Paycheck Protection Program to support businesses. These policies helped many companies stay open and keep employees during a difficult economic period.

    Overall, expansionary fiscal policy helps support businesses by stabilizing demand and encouraging economic recovery during downturns.

  • c.s wk 5 disc

    What is fiscal policy? What are the tools of fiscal policy? Discuss the impact of expansionary fiscal policy and specifically the fiscal policies used during the Great Recession of 2008-2009 on operation of business operation. Have we seen other significant fiscal policies enacted even more recently than 2008-9?

    Submit your initial post by midnight, Day 3. Please respond to two of your classmates’ posts by midnight, Day 7.

    Rubrics

    • BSB Discussion Board Rubric

    reply to:

    WK5: Wilfredo Mendez

    Contains unread posts

    Wilfredo Mendez posted Feb 3, 2026 10:01 PM

    Fiscal policy is the use of government spending and taxation to influence economic activity. It is a major macroeconomic tool used to stabilize the economy, especially during recessions. Fiscal policy is determined by the federal government and works by affecting aggregate demand.

    The main tools of fiscal policy are government spending and taxation. Government spending includes investments in infrastructure, education, and social programs, while taxation involves adjusting tax rates or providing tax credits to influence consumer and business behavior. When the economy is weak, the government may use expansionary fiscal policy by increasing spending or cutting taxes to stimulate growth.

    Expansionary fiscal policy can positively affect business operations by increasing consumer demand and improving business revenues. As demand rises, firms may increase production, hire more workers, or invest in new capital. Tax reductions and government support programs can also improve cash flow, helping businesses remain stable during economic downturns.

    During the Great Recession of 20082009, the U.S. government enacted expansionary fiscal measures such as the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA), which included infrastructure spending, tax relief, and aid to state and local governments. These policies helped stabilize demand and reduce business failures. More recently, large-scale fiscal policies were implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic, including stimulus payments and business support programs, which further demonstrate the continued importance of fiscal policy in supporting economic recovery.

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    Week 5 – Morgan

    Contains unread posts

    Christian Morgan posted Feb 2, 2026 5:38 AM

    Fiscal policy is essentially the governments way of steering the economy by adjusting how much it spends and how much it collects in taxes. Think of it as the federal budget acting as a lever to either speed up or slow down economic growth. The primary tools at their disposal are direct government spending on things like infrastructure, changes to tax rates for individuals and corporations, and transfer payments like social security or unemployment checks. When the economy hits a wall, the government usually turns to expansionary fiscal policy. The goal here is to put more money into the hands of consumers and businesses to jumpstart demand. For a business owner, this usually means seeing more customers at the door or having more cash on hand through tax breaks to keep the lights on and the payroll met. We saw a massive application of this during the Great Recession of 20082009. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act was a huge deal for businesses because it didn’t just give out tax credits; it funded massive public works projects. This created a trickle-down effect where construction firms, suppliers, and service providers stayed busy while the rest of the market was stalling. It wasn’t a perfect fix, but it provided a floor that prevented many companies from falling into total insolvency. Of course, the most recent and perhaps most aggressive example happened during the COVID-19 pandemic. The scale was much larger than in 2008. Programs like the Paycheck Protection Program were a unique form of fiscal policy because they gave forgivable loans directly to businesses to keep people employed. Combined with the stimulus checks sent to households, it created a massive surge in liquidity that helped businesses survive a period where they were literally forced to close their doors.

  • Research report about the importance of business communicati…

    NDIVIDUAL PROJECT DUE: 26. 02.2026 (by 18:00)

    Individual Project:

    Research Report

    You are required to work on a Research Report about the importance of business communication skills in the workplace. Particularly, you are required to interview a successful professional in an area of business youre interested in, to find out how he/she feels about the importance of communication skills in the workplace.

    While creating your interview questions you may draw on topics we discussed during the course. Below are some suggestions:

    • The importance of skillful communication
    • The role of communication in business
    • Necessary soft skills in the workplace (i.e. communication, teamwork, problem-solving, emotional intelligence etc.)
    • Written and oral communication skills
    • Professionalism/business etiquette
    • Diversity in the workplace

    You Research Report must include:Abstract

    A summary of the research report (prior research and selected research results – max 150 words)

    Introduction

    • Introduction to the problem / Presentation of the situation
    • Main purpose of the study
    • Research questions

    Literature review

    Analysis of 3-5 academic articles which discuss the importance of business communication skills in the workplace providing an analysis, evaluation, comparison, contrast among authors ideas.

    Method (Interview)

    Method of data collection (interview), characteristics of the interviewee and interview design (interview questions)

    Discussion of Results

    Analysis and discussion of the collected data in relation to the purpose of the study.

    Conclusions

    This part must discuss the main conclusions of the report.

    References

    A complete list of all sources referred to in the research project

    Presentation

    On Thursday, the 19th of February, each student will have the opportunity to present his/her project. The duration of each presentation will be 20 minutes, followed by a question and answer session.

    While preparing/practicing your presentations, you may draw on the discussion we had about Delivering Business Presentations and Speeches.

    GuidelinesIntroduction:

    • Do I use attention-getter in our introduction?
    • Do I motivate the audience to listen?
    • Do I explain the purpose of the presentation?

    Organization:

    • Do I include significant facts clear to the audience?
    • Are my points connected with good transition?

    Supporting materials:

    • Do I use a variety of supports to keep attention?
    • Are my visual aids large enough to be viewed by the audience?
    • Do the visual aids clarify all the points in the presentation?

    Conclusion:

    • Do I summarize the points discussed in the main presentation?
    • Do I make an impact on the presentation?

    Delivery:

    • Do I read through my notes or do I use them as backup?
    • Do I use appropriate gestures?
    • Do I speak loud enough?
    • Am I within the time limits? (no less no more!!!)

    Notes:

    • The individual project should be 12-15 pages (excluding references)
    • It should be typed [1.5-spaced, Font type: Times New Roman, Font size: 12].
    • Each page should have a page number, e.g. Page 1 of 2.
    • Plagiarism and/or reproduction of someone elses work as your own will be penalized.
  • Econ

    200 words answer question in picture all info in file
  • Analyze market environment using microeconomics to assess pr…

    course name is Economic analysis for strategics
    The Assignment Brief

    Identify a market of your choosing and consider the characteristics of the market environment and how these may influence the profitability for a business using the framework we developed in class. Critically reflect on the use of microeconomics in analyzing business activity in the context of your application, in doing so identifying other factors that might be important in assessing profitability.

    Word Limit

    The word limit for the assignment is 2,000 words (strict, excluding bibliography).

    Advice

    • You should choose an environment you are familiar with so you can apply what we have learned in class to something that you know.
    • You can look at this from the perspective of a business already operating in the market, or consider a business that is looking to enter the market.
    • You need to use the framework and the tools that we developed, but you do not need to be completely exhaustive in terms of topics we covered. That said, you do need to cover enough ground to demonstrate substantive learning of the ideas and concepts.
    • You must reflect on what you have learned and consider its use in assessing business activity in market environments, and look to identify other key aspects that may have an influence on business profitability.

    Expectations

    A good essay should demonstrate:

    • understanding of a range of key microeconomics concepts that have been introduced throughout the class;
    • an ability to select the appropriate microeconomic concepts to consider the impact of market environments on the operation and profitability of businesses;
    • an ability to link the conceptual framework developed in the class to a real-world environment; and
    • an ability to critically reflect on the application of the conceptual framework to a real-world environment

    Feedback

    You will receive your mark and feedback for your assignment three weeks after submission.

    A Framework to Assess the Influencers of Profitability

  • Using the lens of microeconomic thinking, we have identified several key determinants of
  • business profitability

  • Important when assessing the operation of a business in an existing market, and when
  • considering entering a new market

  • We have taken an abstract model-based approach can be tailored to any specific
  • circumstance you want to consider

    Individual assignment

  • Individual assignment worth 85% of the mark for the class (Max 2,000 words)
  • Identify a market of your choosing and consider the characteristics of the market environment and how these may
  • influence the profitability for a business using the framework we developed in class. Critically reflect on the use of

    microeconomics in analyzing business activity in the context of your application, in doing so identifying other factors

    that might be important in assessing profitability.

  • You need to use the framework and the tools that we developed, but you do not need to be completely exhaustive in
  • terms of topics we covered. That said, you do need to cover enough ground to demonstrate substantive learning of

    the ideas and concepts.

  • You must reflect on what you have learned and consider its use in assessing business activity in market
  • environments, and look to identify other key aspects that may have an influence on business profitability.

    Individual assignment

    A good essay should demonstrate:

  • understanding of a range of key microeconomics concepts that have been introduced throughout the class.
  • an ability to select the appropriate microeconomic concepts to consider the impact of market environments on the
  • operation and profitability of businesses.

  • an ability to link the conceptual framework developed in the class to a real-world environment; and
  • an ability to critically reflect on the application of the conceptual framework to a real-world environment.
  • Example 1

    Mass-market Fashion Segment in the GCC Region

    Purpose: To analyze the market environment and its characteristics that influence the profitability of XX by using the concepts of microeconomics

    Introduction

    The fashion market

  • Segments
  • The mass-market segment is fragmented or no? monopolistic competition?
  • Entry Barriers level for new firms (advertising, brand loyalty, brand image, market knowledge, etc.)
  • Vertical/horizontal integration?
  • Example 1

    Mass-market Fashion Segment in the GCC Region

    Demand

    Demand for clothing is elastic? Consumers are highly price-sensitive?

    Cross-price elasticity of demand will be positive or negative?

    The degree of product differentiation is low or high between these mass-market brands?

    Low or High pricing strategy?

    Clothing is a non-durable or durable good?

    Costs

    Rent, payroll costs etc.

    UAE real estate sector price increase and the impact on fixed costs

    Variable costs

    Example 1

    Mass-market Fashion Segment in the GCC Region

    Competitors

    market share?

    companies revenue or profit figures?

    economies of scale (impact on profitability or efficiency)?

    Product differentiation

    degree of product differentiation (designs, or styling between these brands is low (Zara, Bershka)

    branding, packaging, marketing campaigns, visual merchandising, online sales, store location

    product differentiation strategy ?

    Price discrimination

    Second-degree price discrimination strategies ?

    Loyalty programs?

    Critical reflection/Conclusion

    Example 2

    Shallow-water Offshore drilling market in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and UAE

    Purpose: Examine the offshore drilling market from the perspective of a drilling contractor with respect to

    demand, competition and barrier faced by a new entrant to the industry.

    Introduction

    Offshore oil and gas drilling industry

  • Offshore drilling sectors
  • Major drilling operators/contractors
  • Market share of the middle east oil production
  • Example 2

    Shallow-water Offshore drilling market in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and UAE

    Market structure

    Monopolistic competition?

    Size of the market and fleet capabilities

    Market Elasticity

    Elasticity of the market

    Product Differentiation

    new generation technologies etc

    Entry barriers

    Investment, availability of assets to enter the market, In country value, Branding and Loyalty, etc

    Economies of scale

    Critical reflection/Conclusion

    Example 3

    Faraday Future Intelligent Electric Inc.: Struggling entrant into a struggling market

    FFIE business in a nutshell

    Why are the EVs struggling?

    Scope of the study: Luxury electric vehicles market (US market) – Battery Electric Vehicles market

    FFIE product differentiation

    Market structure

    Barriers to entry

    Tesla Power

    Profitability

    FFIE situation

    Tesla As benchmark

    Battery cost impact

    Critical reflection/Conclusio

    The assignment calls for students of EAS to:

    Identify a market of your choosing and consider the characteristics of the market environment and how these may influence the profitability for a business using the framework we developed in class. Critically reflect on the use of microeconomics in analysing business activity in the context of your application, in doing so identifying other factors that might be important in assessing profitability.

    A good essay should demonstrate:

  • understanding of a range of key microeconomics concepts that have been
  • introduced throughout the class;

  • an ability to select the appropriate microeconomic concepts to consider the
  • impact of market environments on the operation and profitability of

    businesses;

  • an ability to link the conceptual framework developed in the class to a realworld environment; and
  • an ability to critically reflect on the application of the conceptual framework to
  • a real-world environment.

    Distinction (72, 75, 78, 84, 92, 100)

  • A clear description of the context of the market environment and the focal
  • firm operating in that market (if appropriate).

  • Selection of appropriate microeconomic concepts to use in the context to
  • explore the ability of firms to make profit.

  • Clear explanation of the microeconomics concepts that are used that
  • demonstrates excellent understanding of them.

  • Accomplished application of the range of concepts considered with a clear
  • link between the concept and ability to make profit identified.

  • A substantive critical reflection that considers the suitability of the approach
  • and the concepts for the purpose of understanding business activity in market

    environments.

  • The essay is well-structured, the language used appropriate, and the narrative
  • clear.

  • For grades exceeding 80 the essay needs to be excellent in all its components
  • and present unique insight.

    Merit (62, 65, 68)

  • The essay meets most of the criteria for the Distinction category, but it
  • displays some weaknesses. It should nevertheless demonstrate achievement

    of the learning outcomes.

  • The key microeconomics concepts relevant to the context should be included
  • and explained.

  • Links should be made between the concepts and the ability of firms to make
  • profit.

  • A critical reflection should be included but this may be relatively short.
  • Pass (52, 55, 58)

  • The essay has some significant weaknesses but demonstrates coherent
  • understanding of the application of microeconomics concepts to understand

    the operation of businesses in markets.

  • The context nevertheless needs to be clearly laid out, and appropriate
  • microeconomic concepts chosen to be considered.

  • Explanation of these concepts should be attempted, but these explanations
  • might have some weaknesses.

  • The student may have missed including a critical reflection.
  • Diploma (42, 45, 48)

  • The essay has substantial weaknesses and is below the standard for MBA
  • level work.

  • The context may be inappropriate.
  • Explanations of concepts may be weak and not demonstrate understanding.
  • Some key concepts relevant for the context have been missed.
  • The critical reflection may be weak or not included.
  • Fail (38, 35, 32, 20, 10)

  • The context may not be appropriate, and might not be well-explained.
  • Explanations of concepts are weak and demonstrates a lack of understanding.
  • Little in the way of critical reflection is included.
  • important instructions
  • *Assignment Guidelines from**Structure & Context*- Provide sufficient context so that a reader unfamiliar with the topic can understand it- Include a critical reflection section at the end (can be a standalone paragraph or integrated into the conclusion)*Key Content Requirements*- Demand analysis is essential, this must be included – Market share should be addressed- Select 47 key influencers of profitability, do not attempt to cover all of them*Formatting & Word Count*- Tables, graphs, and diagrams do not count toward the word limit- Avoid using appendices*References & Sources*- Quality of references matters more than quantity, use appropriate, relevant material- If using generative AI, verify all references manually
  • Requirements:

  • Trade war tariffs and retaliatory trade measures

    For this task, I am asking you to write a well-structured, clear, and appropriate Economics IA for Global Economics. For clear instructions on how this works, you can search the web, which is full of outlines on how to make an IA worthy of a high grade. Use appropriate citations and create a nice and ordered document. The article to analyze is:
  • Globalization

    Read the article: US Apparel Companies Cant See a Future Without China

    Use your critical thinking skills and post your thoughts to the following discussion questions:

    1. Do the benefits outweigh the drawbacks of apparel brands outsourcing design and production of most of their products to foreign countries?
    2. What may be some future costs and implications of a decision to keep production in China? What are some implications and costs of a decision to move production elsewhere (e.g., Latin America) ?
    3. Should apparel brands’ decisions to outsource set an example for other MNCs in the United States? Explain your reasoning.
    • Initial post: 300 words, thoughtful response (50%), due by or before Thursday

    Attached Files (PDF/DOCX): Week 1 Made in China Remains Reality for US Clothing Companies – Bloomberg.pdf

    Note: Content extraction from these files is restricted, please review them manually.

  • Economics Question

    sir faisal kakar research about women participation in politics very helpfull and very easy to understand

    Requirements:

  • Econ

    all instructions provided in file, any questions feel free to chat me.
  • Fundamental of economic

    economic importance and scope of economic

    Requirements: