Bright Academic Experts

Category: English

  • souad/ suh

    ** Answer this assignment for two students

    Crash

    After watching the film, pick 3 scenes from the movie and analyze them with respect to the moral theories we learned about the last couple of weeks. In other words, you could discuss how the characters did/did not portray utilitarian beliefs, Kantian deontology, or caring, etc.

    Then, make sure to respond to two of your peers per usual.

    Have fun with this–and enjoy the movie!

    example 1

    I watched Crash one time too many years ago, and it was a hard film to watch. However, after learning about moral theories, I was able to understand a little more about the “why” behind many actions of the characters.

    1. Why did Cameron not do anything to stop the officer from touching his wife?
    He acts under the utilitarian theory. He chose not to act because he thought that would prevent the situation from escalating. He chose that option to avoid harm, but he failed in protecting his wife; he failed to act according to the caring ethics theory.

    2. Why did the police partner not do anything to stop the officer?
    From a utilitarian perspective, he might believe that intervening could make the situation more dangerous or that he should not expose the bad actions made by police officers. However, from a Kantian deontology view, he failed his moral duty because he allowed an abuse of power to occur.

    3. Why did Daniel (the locksmith) refuse to serve the man and throw away the paper?
    Although his reaction was understandable, from a deontological view, he failed his duty and even disrespected the owner of the gun shop. Besides, both the owner and Daniel acted against the deontology theory because they both disrespected each other. Daniel also failed to act under the utilitarian view because he chose to act in a way that would cause him more problems.

    .

    .

    .Example 2

    The film Crash is a movie filled with emotions, ethical questions, and dilemmas which can lead to several scenes being observed or analyzed from a Kantian, utilitarian, and care ethics perspective.

    1. The scene where Officer Ryan abuses his status of power to sexually assault Christine under the pretense of legal search shows and displays many unethical, inexcusable, compromising actions. From a Kantian perspective, this is wrong as Officer Ryan does not share sympathy or have an ounce of respect for how Christine feels.

    2. The scene where Officer Ryan rescues Christine from the car accident could be seen from a utilitarian perspective as a morally good action, since it has on overall and ultimate positive outcome. From a Kantian perspective however, ethics are slightly more complex, as the motive behind Officer Ryan’s actions are ambiguous. This positive and ethical action he has committed, does not erase or backtrack the very unethical and negative action he did to Christine before.

    3. The this scene where Farhad shoots or tries to shoot Daniel after the store is vandalized. Farhad under extreme stress and the circumstances involved with his shop. From a utilitarian perspective, the intended action of Farhad is an immoral one, as it would lead to the death of someone. From a Kantian perspective, Daniel’s daughter being used as a means to an end is a direct violation of Kantian ethics and principles.

    .

    .

    .Example 3

    After watching Crash, I noticed several scenes that clearly relate to different moral theories.

    1-Officer Ryan and Christines Scene: When Officer Ryan stops Christine and Jean, he initially acts in a biased and threatening way. From a Kantian deontology perspective, this is wrong because he is using them to satisfy his own feelings instead of treating them as individuals with dignity. Later, when he saves Christine during the car accident, he acts morally by fulfilling his duty to protect others.

    2. Cameron and Peters Scene: Cameron punches Peter after hearing a racist comment. From a utilitarian viewpoint, this action is questionable because it does not create the greatest overall happinessit only satisfies Camerons anger and escalates tension.

    3. Jean and the Carjacker Scene: When Jean is confronted by the carjacker, Officer Ryan saves her. This can be seen through the ethics of care, as he demonstrates concern for her safety and well-being, putting her needs above his personal biases or discomfort. Overall, Crash shows how people make moral decisions in complicated situations and how ethical theories can help us understand the choices they make.

    .

    .

    Example 4

    First, let’s start by defining utilitarianism. Utilitarianism is the moral theory that the best action is the one that maximizes overall happiness and well-being. Actions are judged by the consequences. Kantian deontology ethics emphasize duty, moral rules, and the inherent value of individuals.

    1. For my first scene, I chose Officer Ryans rescue of Christine. Officer Ryans’ initial interaction with Christine is racially charged. He very clearly has a prejudice against her and her husband. After initially behaving prejudicially towards Christine, Officer Ryan later saves her from a car accident. This act can be seen as a utilitarian choice, as he prioritizes her safety over his earlier bias, aiming to create a positive outcome by helping someone in need.

    2. The scene with the carjackers (Anthony and Peter), especially in their interactions with the wealthy couple, illustrates utilitarianism in their decision-making process. They weigh their immediate survival against the potential harm they inflict on others. This is a great example of utilitarianism. The decision to steal the car was because of their economic struggling and desperation for money. In the planning of this act, they weigh the choices of the money versus the potential harm to the owners of the car. Basing decisions on the outcome of this decision.

    3. Rick and the police encounter is another interesting scene to analyze. Rick, the district attorney, struggles with the moral implications of his decision to prioritize his safety over confronting the police officers discriminatory behavior. This reflects a tension between adhering to moral principles (such as standing against injustice) and the instinct to protect oneself. Kantian ethics would argue that he has a duty to act according to principles of justice, regardless of the consequences, but Rick prioritizes his and his drivers’ safety.

    Requirements: follow

  • marleen/ bassam crash

    ** Answer this assignment for two students

    Crash

    After watching the film, pick 3 scenes from the movie and analyze them with respect to the moral theories we learned about the last couple of weeks. In other words, you could discuss how the characters did/did not portray utilitarian beliefs, Kantian deontology, or caring, etc.

    Then, make sure to respond to two of your peers per usual.

    Have fun with this–and enjoy the movie!

    example 1

    I watched Crash one time too many years ago, and it was a hard film to watch. However, after learning about moral theories, I was able to understand a little more about the “why” behind many actions of the characters.

    1. Why did Cameron not do anything to stop the officer from touching his wife?
    He acts under the utilitarian theory. He chose not to act because he thought that would prevent the situation from escalating. He chose that option to avoid harm, but he failed in protecting his wife; he failed to act according to the caring ethics theory.

    2. Why did the police partner not do anything to stop the officer?
    From a utilitarian perspective, he might believe that intervening could make the situation more dangerous or that he should not expose the bad actions made by police officers. However, from a Kantian deontology view, he failed his moral duty because he allowed an abuse of power to occur.

    3. Why did Daniel (the locksmith) refuse to serve the man and throw away the paper?
    Although his reaction was understandable, from a deontological view, he failed his duty and even disrespected the owner of the gun shop. Besides, both the owner and Daniel acted against the deontology theory because they both disrespected each other. Daniel also failed to act under the utilitarian view because he chose to act in a way that would cause him more problems.

    .

    .

    .Example 2

    The film Crash is a movie filled with emotions, ethical questions, and dilemmas which can lead to several scenes being observed or analyzed from a Kantian, utilitarian, and care ethics perspective.

    1. The scene where Officer Ryan abuses his status of power to sexually assault Christine under the pretense of legal search shows and displays many unethical, inexcusable, compromising actions. From a Kantian perspective, this is wrong as Officer Ryan does not share sympathy or have an ounce of respect for how Christine feels.

    2. The scene where Officer Ryan rescues Christine from the car accident could be seen from a utilitarian perspective as a morally good action, since it has on overall and ultimate positive outcome. From a Kantian perspective however, ethics are slightly more complex, as the motive behind Officer Ryan’s actions are ambiguous. This positive and ethical action he has committed, does not erase or backtrack the very unethical and negative action he did to Christine before.

    3. The this scene where Farhad shoots or tries to shoot Daniel after the store is vandalized. Farhad under extreme stress and the circumstances involved with his shop. From a utilitarian perspective, the intended action of Farhad is an immoral one, as it would lead to the death of someone. From a Kantian perspective, Daniel’s daughter being used as a means to an end is a direct violation of Kantian ethics and principles.

    .

    .

    .Example 3

    After watching Crash, I noticed several scenes that clearly relate to different moral theories.

    1-Officer Ryan and Christines Scene: When Officer Ryan stops Christine and Jean, he initially acts in a biased and threatening way. From a Kantian deontology perspective, this is wrong because he is using them to satisfy his own feelings instead of treating them as individuals with dignity. Later, when he saves Christine during the car accident, he acts morally by fulfilling his duty to protect others.

    2. Cameron and Peters Scene: Cameron punches Peter after hearing a racist comment. From a utilitarian viewpoint, this action is questionable because it does not create the greatest overall happinessit only satisfies Camerons anger and escalates tension.

    3. Jean and the Carjacker Scene: When Jean is confronted by the carjacker, Officer Ryan saves her. This can be seen through the ethics of care, as he demonstrates concern for her safety and well-being, putting her needs above his personal biases or discomfort. Overall, Crash shows how people make moral decisions in complicated situations and how ethical theories can help us understand the choices they make.

    .

    .

    Example 4

    First, let’s start by defining utilitarianism. Utilitarianism is the moral theory that the best action is the one that maximizes overall happiness and well-being. Actions are judged by the consequences. Kantian deontology ethics emphasize duty, moral rules, and the inherent value of individuals.

    1. For my first scene, I chose Officer Ryans rescue of Christine. Officer Ryans’ initial interaction with Christine is racially charged. He very clearly has a prejudice against her and her husband. After initially behaving prejudicially towards Christine, Officer Ryan later saves her from a car accident. This act can be seen as a utilitarian choice, as he prioritizes her safety over his earlier bias, aiming to create a positive outcome by helping someone in need.

    2. The scene with the carjackers (Anthony and Peter), especially in their interactions with the wealthy couple, illustrates utilitarianism in their decision-making process. They weigh their immediate survival against the potential harm they inflict on others. This is a great example of utilitarianism. The decision to steal the car was because of their economic struggling and desperation for money. In the planning of this act, they weigh the choices of the money versus the potential harm to the owners of the car. Basing decisions on the outcome of this decision.

    3. Rick and the police encounter is another interesting scene to analyze. Rick, the district attorney, struggles with the moral implications of his decision to prioritize his safety over confronting the police officers discriminatory behavior. This reflects a tension between adhering to moral principles (such as standing against injustice) and the instinct to protect oneself. Kantian ethics would argue that he has a duty to act according to principles of justice, regardless of the consequences, but Rick prioritizes his and his drivers’ safety.

    Requirements: follow

  • kh/ wissam crash

    ** Answer this assignment for two students

    Crash

    After watching the film, pick 3 scenes from the movie and analyze them with respect to the moral theories we learned about the last couple of weeks. In other words, you could discuss how the characters did/did not portray utilitarian beliefs, Kantian deontology, or caring, etc.

    Then, make sure to respond to two of your peers per usual.

    Have fun with this–and enjoy the movie!

    example 1

    I watched Crash one time too many years ago, and it was a hard film to watch. However, after learning about moral theories, I was able to understand a little more about the “why” behind many actions of the characters.

    1. Why did Cameron not do anything to stop the officer from touching his wife?
    He acts under the utilitarian theory. He chose not to act because he thought that would prevent the situation from escalating. He chose that option to avoid harm, but he failed in protecting his wife; he failed to act according to the caring ethics theory.

    2. Why did the police partner not do anything to stop the officer?
    From a utilitarian perspective, he might believe that intervening could make the situation more dangerous or that he should not expose the bad actions made by police officers. However, from a Kantian deontology view, he failed his moral duty because he allowed an abuse of power to occur.

    3. Why did Daniel (the locksmith) refuse to serve the man and throw away the paper?
    Although his reaction was understandable, from a deontological view, he failed his duty and even disrespected the owner of the gun shop. Besides, both the owner and Daniel acted against the deontology theory because they both disrespected each other. Daniel also failed to act under the utilitarian view because he chose to act in a way that would cause him more problems.

    .

    .

    .Example 2

    The film Crash is a movie filled with emotions, ethical questions, and dilemmas which can lead to several scenes being observed or analyzed from a Kantian, utilitarian, and care ethics perspective.

    1. The scene where Officer Ryan abuses his status of power to sexually assault Christine under the pretense of legal search shows and displays many unethical, inexcusable, compromising actions. From a Kantian perspective, this is wrong as Officer Ryan does not share sympathy or have an ounce of respect for how Christine feels.

    2. The scene where Officer Ryan rescues Christine from the car accident could be seen from a utilitarian perspective as a morally good action, since it has on overall and ultimate positive outcome. From a Kantian perspective however, ethics are slightly more complex, as the motive behind Officer Ryan’s actions are ambiguous. This positive and ethical action he has committed, does not erase or backtrack the very unethical and negative action he did to Christine before.

    3. The this scene where Farhad shoots or tries to shoot Daniel after the store is vandalized. Farhad under extreme stress and the circumstances involved with his shop. From a utilitarian perspective, the intended action of Farhad is an immoral one, as it would lead to the death of someone. From a Kantian perspective, Daniel’s daughter being used as a means to an end is a direct violation of Kantian ethics and principles.

    .

    .

    .Example 3

    After watching Crash, I noticed several scenes that clearly relate to different moral theories.

    1-Officer Ryan and Christines Scene: When Officer Ryan stops Christine and Jean, he initially acts in a biased and threatening way. From a Kantian deontology perspective, this is wrong because he is using them to satisfy his own feelings instead of treating them as individuals with dignity. Later, when he saves Christine during the car accident, he acts morally by fulfilling his duty to protect others.

    2. Cameron and Peters Scene: Cameron punches Peter after hearing a racist comment. From a utilitarian viewpoint, this action is questionable because it does not create the greatest overall happinessit only satisfies Camerons anger and escalates tension.

    3. Jean and the Carjacker Scene: When Jean is confronted by the carjacker, Officer Ryan saves her. This can be seen through the ethics of care, as he demonstrates concern for her safety and well-being, putting her needs above his personal biases or discomfort. Overall, Crash shows how people make moral decisions in complicated situations and how ethical theories can help us understand the choices they make.

    .

    .

    Example 4

    First, let’s start by defining utilitarianism. Utilitarianism is the moral theory that the best action is the one that maximizes overall happiness and well-being. Actions are judged by the consequences. Kantian deontology ethics emphasize duty, moral rules, and the inherent value of individuals.

    1. For my first scene, I chose Officer Ryans rescue of Christine. Officer Ryans’ initial interaction with Christine is racially charged. He very clearly has a prejudice against her and her husband. After initially behaving prejudicially towards Christine, Officer Ryan later saves her from a car accident. This act can be seen as a utilitarian choice, as he prioritizes her safety over his earlier bias, aiming to create a positive outcome by helping someone in need.

    2. The scene with the carjackers (Anthony and Peter), especially in their interactions with the wealthy couple, illustrates utilitarianism in their decision-making process. They weigh their immediate survival against the potential harm they inflict on others. This is a great example of utilitarianism. The decision to steal the car was because of their economic struggling and desperation for money. In the planning of this act, they weigh the choices of the money versus the potential harm to the owners of the car. Basing decisions on the outcome of this decision.

    3. Rick and the police encounter is another interesting scene to analyze. Rick, the district attorney, struggles with the moral implications of his decision to prioritize his safety over confronting the police officers discriminatory behavior. This reflects a tension between adhering to moral principles (such as standing against injustice) and the instinct to protect oneself. Kantian ethics would argue that he has a duty to act according to principles of justice, regardless of the consequences, but Rick prioritizes his and his drivers’ safety.

    Requirements: follow

  • tay/ thelma ethical

    * answer this discussion for two students like the examples.

    Ethical Relativism

    This week we are discussing ethical relativism. What are the pros and cons of the belief that ethics ought to be relative, i.e. normative ethical/cultural relativism? In other words, it might be obvious that certain cultures do indeed have different ethical beliefs, but what do we make of the claim that this should/ought to be the case?

    example 1

    Ethical relativism has many pros and, to some extent, cons. Ethical relativism allows everyone to have their own moral values that make sense to them and their culture. I do believe that every person is entitled to their own moral values. I don’t mind what others’ views are because none of them affect me. It is easy to accept so many people when you realize their choices have no impact on your personal life. Your views are the only thing that can cause impact on you and your life. The faster you accept others, the more peace will be drawn into your life. The cons are that for some, their views are willing to take lives. I still personally believe that every scenario has its exceptions, despite an unfortunate outcome.

    Example 2

    As with most aspects of human life on Earth, there are pros and cons to cultural relativism. It is important to be able to have a variety of norms and ways of life in the many different cultures around the world. Even more essential is that we respect those differences, possibly even learn from one another. The pros of having these contrasts is that we can grow and develop as we better understand and admire why they have chosen these practices to be representative as part of their society. On the other hand, if it is something that we may feel is wrong, or not showing humanity, we can try and convince them to perhaps see things differently. This can be the fine line where the cons begin, since suggesting a change can cause conflict and wars. We should not confuse an attempt to help another society improve for its people, with simply just disagreeing with their way of life, just because we do not agree does not mean that we should interfere or be so bold as to want them to change. We should all be able to mesh and blend our lives on this planet.

    Example 3

    Ethical relativism is the idea that morality is relative to a culture’s norms, and what is right or wrong depends on different societies. The pros to ethical relativism are that the environment a person is in determines what is typical, ethical relativism promotes tolerance, as there is no way to control other cultures’ ideas of ethics, and it also forces us to open our minds and question what is truly right and wrong in our own personal beliefs. Some cons of the acceptance of ethical relativism are that practices that are obviously (to some) wrong have no choice but to be overlooked. It can stop ethical ideas from being shared, which could prevent societies from progressing. I personally do believe in ethical relativism. Depending on the culture and enviroment you are born and raised in, it is normal to have different beliefs, so this should apply to ethics as well. Although many of us could say something like murder is wrong, there are always going to be situations where it is not, such as self-defense, escaping from a captor, and sometimes even revenge can seem justified. Every entity and culture is entitled to its own ethical beliefs, and I don’t think anyone has the right to question that.

    Example 4

    Ethical relativism is the belief that moral values and ethical rules are not universal but instead depend on culture or society. A benefit of this perspective is that it encourages empathy and reduces ethnocentrism, as it allows people to see that ethical beliefs make sense in their cultural context. For example, customs around punishment, gender roles, or social duties differ around the world, and ethical relativism reminds us that no single set of rules applies everywhere. However, a drawback is that it can prevent us from condemning clearly harmful actions, like human rights abuses, simply because they are socially accepted in a given culture. It can also make it difficult to argue for global ethical standards or moral improvement, since rightness is always relative. In short, ethical relativism helps us appreciate cultural diversity in ethics, but it may also limit our ability to address wrongdoing or set universal moral guidelines.

    Example 5

    The notion that what is “right” or “wrong” is determined by society standards and cultural values is known as ethical relativism. One benefit is that it encourages tolerance and facilitates understanding of diverse viewpoints. It clarifies why moral convictions differ throughout history and throughout communities without categorically declaring them to be incorrect.
    Its ability to excuse hazardous behaviors just because a culture tolerates them is a drawback, though. It might also make it challenging to challenge our own moral convictions or to advance universal human rights.
    To sum up, ethical relativism is useful for understanding and appreciating different cultures, but we also need to balance it with universal values to keep people safe.


    Example 6


    Ethical Relativism, being the idea that cultural norms and societies affect what we think of as “right” or “wrong” or “ethical” and “unethical”, has good aspects to it as well as bad aspects depending on the scenario or actions taken into account. I believe some of the advantages and benefits that our cultural norms has on our ethics is the way you grow up and the people who are around you as you are growing up could have a profound effect on who you end up being, what you think is right, and what isn’t. Our cultural norms constantly revolve around us while we are growing up and learning, making us and teaching us to understand different perspectives, practice different cultures, and have distinct moral beliefs. I think this is extremely important to establish a standard of morality and ethics across the board, regardless of language, cultural, or ethical distinctions. On the other hand, I think some of the drawbacks or disadvantages of this relation could be that people also need to think for their own and base their own morality and ethics on their choices and perspectives. We could see when cultural differences deeply entangle and cross the boundary of what would seem “unethical” in some cultures, but is perceived as perfectly “ethical” in theirs.

    Requirements: follow

  • souad/ shu ethical

    * answer this discussion for two students like the examples.

    Ethical Relativism

    This week we are discussing ethical relativism. What are the pros and cons of the belief that ethics ought to be relative, i.e. normative ethical/cultural relativism? In other words, it might be obvious that certain cultures do indeed have different ethical beliefs, but what do we make of the claim that this should/ought to be the case?

    example 1

    Ethical relativism has many pros and, to some extent, cons. Ethical relativism allows everyone to have their own moral values that make sense to them and their culture. I do believe that every person is entitled to their own moral values. I don’t mind what others’ views are because none of them affect me. It is easy to accept so many people when you realize their choices have no impact on your personal life. Your views are the only thing that can cause impact on you and your life. The faster you accept others, the more peace will be drawn into your life. The cons are that for some, their views are willing to take lives. I still personally believe that every scenario has its exceptions, despite an unfortunate outcome.

    Example 2

    As with most aspects of human life on Earth, there are pros and cons to cultural relativism. It is important to be able to have a variety of norms and ways of life in the many different cultures around the world. Even more essential is that we respect those differences, possibly even learn from one another. The pros of having these contrasts is that we can grow and develop as we better understand and admire why they have chosen these practices to be representative as part of their society. On the other hand, if it is something that we may feel is wrong, or not showing humanity, we can try and convince them to perhaps see things differently. This can be the fine line where the cons begin, since suggesting a change can cause conflict and wars. We should not confuse an attempt to help another society improve for its people, with simply just disagreeing with their way of life, just because we do not agree does not mean that we should interfere or be so bold as to want them to change. We should all be able to mesh and blend our lives on this planet.

    Example 3

    Ethical relativism is the idea that morality is relative to a culture’s norms, and what is right or wrong depends on different societies. The pros to ethical relativism are that the environment a person is in determines what is typical, ethical relativism promotes tolerance, as there is no way to control other cultures’ ideas of ethics, and it also forces us to open our minds and question what is truly right and wrong in our own personal beliefs. Some cons of the acceptance of ethical relativism are that practices that are obviously (to some) wrong have no choice but to be overlooked. It can stop ethical ideas from being shared, which could prevent societies from progressing. I personally do believe in ethical relativism. Depending on the culture and enviroment you are born and raised in, it is normal to have different beliefs, so this should apply to ethics as well. Although many of us could say something like murder is wrong, there are always going to be situations where it is not, such as self-defense, escaping from a captor, and sometimes even revenge can seem justified. Every entity and culture is entitled to its own ethical beliefs, and I don’t think anyone has the right to question that.

    Example 4

    Ethical relativism is the belief that moral values and ethical rules are not universal but instead depend on culture or society. A benefit of this perspective is that it encourages empathy and reduces ethnocentrism, as it allows people to see that ethical beliefs make sense in their cultural context. For example, customs around punishment, gender roles, or social duties differ around the world, and ethical relativism reminds us that no single set of rules applies everywhere. However, a drawback is that it can prevent us from condemning clearly harmful actions, like human rights abuses, simply because they are socially accepted in a given culture. It can also make it difficult to argue for global ethical standards or moral improvement, since rightness is always relative. In short, ethical relativism helps us appreciate cultural diversity in ethics, but it may also limit our ability to address wrongdoing or set universal moral guidelines.

    Example 5

    The notion that what is “right” or “wrong” is determined by society standards and cultural values is known as ethical relativism. One benefit is that it encourages tolerance and facilitates understanding of diverse viewpoints. It clarifies why moral convictions differ throughout history and throughout communities without categorically declaring them to be incorrect.
    Its ability to excuse hazardous behaviors just because a culture tolerates them is a drawback, though. It might also make it challenging to challenge our own moral convictions or to advance universal human rights.
    To sum up, ethical relativism is useful for understanding and appreciating different cultures, but we also need to balance it with universal values to keep people safe.


    Example 6


    Ethical Relativism, being the idea that cultural norms and societies affect what we think of as “right” or “wrong” or “ethical” and “unethical”, has good aspects to it as well as bad aspects depending on the scenario or actions taken into account. I believe some of the advantages and benefits that our cultural norms has on our ethics is the way you grow up and the people who are around you as you are growing up could have a profound effect on who you end up being, what you think is right, and what isn’t. Our cultural norms constantly revolve around us while we are growing up and learning, making us and teaching us to understand different perspectives, practice different cultures, and have distinct moral beliefs. I think this is extremely important to establish a standard of morality and ethics across the board, regardless of language, cultural, or ethical distinctions. On the other hand, I think some of the drawbacks or disadvantages of this relation could be that people also need to think for their own and base their own morality and ethics on their choices and perspectives. We could see when cultural differences deeply entangle and cross the boundary of what would seem “unethical” in some cultures, but is perceived as perfectly “ethical” in theirs.

    Requirements: follow

  • marleen/ bassam ethical

    * answer this discussion for two students like the examples.

    Ethical Relativism

    This week we are discussing ethical relativism. What are the pros and cons of the belief that ethics ought to be relative, i.e. normative ethical/cultural relativism? In other words, it might be obvious that certain cultures do indeed have different ethical beliefs, but what do we make of the claim that this should/ought to be the case?

    example 1

    Ethical relativism has many pros and, to some extent, cons. Ethical relativism allows everyone to have their own moral values that make sense to them and their culture. I do believe that every person is entitled to their own moral values. I don’t mind what others’ views are because none of them affect me. It is easy to accept so many people when you realize their choices have no impact on your personal life. Your views are the only thing that can cause impact on you and your life. The faster you accept others, the more peace will be drawn into your life. The cons are that for some, their views are willing to take lives. I still personally believe that every scenario has its exceptions, despite an unfortunate outcome.

    Example 2

    As with most aspects of human life on Earth, there are pros and cons to cultural relativism. It is important to be able to have a variety of norms and ways of life in the many different cultures around the world. Even more essential is that we respect those differences, possibly even learn from one another. The pros of having these contrasts is that we can grow and develop as we better understand and admire why they have chosen these practices to be representative as part of their society. On the other hand, if it is something that we may feel is wrong, or not showing humanity, we can try and convince them to perhaps see things differently. This can be the fine line where the cons begin, since suggesting a change can cause conflict and wars. We should not confuse an attempt to help another society improve for its people, with simply just disagreeing with their way of life, just because we do not agree does not mean that we should interfere or be so bold as to want them to change. We should all be able to mesh and blend our lives on this planet.

    Example 3

    Ethical relativism is the idea that morality is relative to a culture’s norms, and what is right or wrong depends on different societies. The pros to ethical relativism are that the environment a person is in determines what is typical, ethical relativism promotes tolerance, as there is no way to control other cultures’ ideas of ethics, and it also forces us to open our minds and question what is truly right and wrong in our own personal beliefs. Some cons of the acceptance of ethical relativism are that practices that are obviously (to some) wrong have no choice but to be overlooked. It can stop ethical ideas from being shared, which could prevent societies from progressing. I personally do believe in ethical relativism. Depending on the culture and enviroment you are born and raised in, it is normal to have different beliefs, so this should apply to ethics as well. Although many of us could say something like murder is wrong, there are always going to be situations where it is not, such as self-defense, escaping from a captor, and sometimes even revenge can seem justified. Every entity and culture is entitled to its own ethical beliefs, and I don’t think anyone has the right to question that.

    Example 4

    Ethical relativism is the belief that moral values and ethical rules are not universal but instead depend on culture or society. A benefit of this perspective is that it encourages empathy and reduces ethnocentrism, as it allows people to see that ethical beliefs make sense in their cultural context. For example, customs around punishment, gender roles, or social duties differ around the world, and ethical relativism reminds us that no single set of rules applies everywhere. However, a drawback is that it can prevent us from condemning clearly harmful actions, like human rights abuses, simply because they are socially accepted in a given culture. It can also make it difficult to argue for global ethical standards or moral improvement, since rightness is always relative. In short, ethical relativism helps us appreciate cultural diversity in ethics, but it may also limit our ability to address wrongdoing or set universal moral guidelines.

    Example 5

    The notion that what is “right” or “wrong” is determined by society standards and cultural values is known as ethical relativism. One benefit is that it encourages tolerance and facilitates understanding of diverse viewpoints. It clarifies why moral convictions differ throughout history and throughout communities without categorically declaring them to be incorrect.
    Its ability to excuse hazardous behaviors just because a culture tolerates them is a drawback, though. It might also make it challenging to challenge our own moral convictions or to advance universal human rights.
    To sum up, ethical relativism is useful for understanding and appreciating different cultures, but we also need to balance it with universal values to keep people safe.


    Example 6


    Ethical Relativism, being the idea that cultural norms and societies affect what we think of as “right” or “wrong” or “ethical” and “unethical”, has good aspects to it as well as bad aspects depending on the scenario or actions taken into account. I believe some of the advantages and benefits that our cultural norms has on our ethics is the way you grow up and the people who are around you as you are growing up could have a profound effect on who you end up being, what you think is right, and what isn’t. Our cultural norms constantly revolve around us while we are growing up and learning, making us and teaching us to understand different perspectives, practice different cultures, and have distinct moral beliefs. I think this is extremely important to establish a standard of morality and ethics across the board, regardless of language, cultural, or ethical distinctions. On the other hand, I think some of the drawbacks or disadvantages of this relation could be that people also need to think for their own and base their own morality and ethics on their choices and perspectives. We could see when cultural differences deeply entangle and cross the boundary of what would seem “unethical” in some cultures, but is perceived as perfectly “ethical” in theirs.

    Requirements: follow

  • kh/ wissam ethical

    * answer this discussion for two students like the examples.

    Ethical Relativism

    This week we are discussing ethical relativism. What are the pros and cons of the belief that ethics ought to be relative, i.e. normative ethical/cultural relativism? In other words, it might be obvious that certain cultures do indeed have different ethical beliefs, but what do we make of the claim that this should/ought to be the case?

    example 1

    Ethical relativism has many pros and, to some extent, cons. Ethical relativism allows everyone to have their own moral values that make sense to them and their culture. I do believe that every person is entitled to their own moral values. I don’t mind what others’ views are because none of them affect me. It is easy to accept so many people when you realize their choices have no impact on your personal life. Your views are the only thing that can cause impact on you and your life. The faster you accept others, the more peace will be drawn into your life. The cons are that for some, their views are willing to take lives. I still personally believe that every scenario has its exceptions, despite an unfortunate outcome.

    Example 2

    As with most aspects of human life on Earth, there are pros and cons to cultural relativism. It is important to be able to have a variety of norms and ways of life in the many different cultures around the world. Even more essential is that we respect those differences, possibly even learn from one another. The pros of having these contrasts is that we can grow and develop as we better understand and admire why they have chosen these practices to be representative as part of their society. On the other hand, if it is something that we may feel is wrong, or not showing humanity, we can try and convince them to perhaps see things differently. This can be the fine line where the cons begin, since suggesting a change can cause conflict and wars. We should not confuse an attempt to help another society improve for its people, with simply just disagreeing with their way of life, just because we do not agree does not mean that we should interfere or be so bold as to want them to change. We should all be able to mesh and blend our lives on this planet.

    Example 3

    Ethical relativism is the idea that morality is relative to a culture’s norms, and what is right or wrong depends on different societies. The pros to ethical relativism are that the environment a person is in determines what is typical, ethical relativism promotes tolerance, as there is no way to control other cultures’ ideas of ethics, and it also forces us to open our minds and question what is truly right and wrong in our own personal beliefs. Some cons of the acceptance of ethical relativism are that practices that are obviously (to some) wrong have no choice but to be overlooked. It can stop ethical ideas from being shared, which could prevent societies from progressing. I personally do believe in ethical relativism. Depending on the culture and enviroment you are born and raised in, it is normal to have different beliefs, so this should apply to ethics as well. Although many of us could say something like murder is wrong, there are always going to be situations where it is not, such as self-defense, escaping from a captor, and sometimes even revenge can seem justified. Every entity and culture is entitled to its own ethical beliefs, and I don’t think anyone has the right to question that.

    Example 4

    Ethical relativism is the belief that moral values and ethical rules are not universal but instead depend on culture or society. A benefit of this perspective is that it encourages empathy and reduces ethnocentrism, as it allows people to see that ethical beliefs make sense in their cultural context. For example, customs around punishment, gender roles, or social duties differ around the world, and ethical relativism reminds us that no single set of rules applies everywhere. However, a drawback is that it can prevent us from condemning clearly harmful actions, like human rights abuses, simply because they are socially accepted in a given culture. It can also make it difficult to argue for global ethical standards or moral improvement, since rightness is always relative. In short, ethical relativism helps us appreciate cultural diversity in ethics, but it may also limit our ability to address wrongdoing or set universal moral guidelines.

    Example 5

    The notion that what is “right” or “wrong” is determined by society standards and cultural values is known as ethical relativism. One benefit is that it encourages tolerance and facilitates understanding of diverse viewpoints. It clarifies why moral convictions differ throughout history and throughout communities without categorically declaring them to be incorrect.
    Its ability to excuse hazardous behaviors just because a culture tolerates them is a drawback, though. It might also make it challenging to challenge our own moral convictions or to advance universal human rights.
    To sum up, ethical relativism is useful for understanding and appreciating different cultures, but we also need to balance it with universal values to keep people safe.


    Example 6


    Ethical Relativism, being the idea that cultural norms and societies affect what we think of as “right” or “wrong” or “ethical” and “unethical”, has good aspects to it as well as bad aspects depending on the scenario or actions taken into account. I believe some of the advantages and benefits that our cultural norms has on our ethics is the way you grow up and the people who are around you as you are growing up could have a profound effect on who you end up being, what you think is right, and what isn’t. Our cultural norms constantly revolve around us while we are growing up and learning, making us and teaching us to understand different perspectives, practice different cultures, and have distinct moral beliefs. I think this is extremely important to establish a standard of morality and ethics across the board, regardless of language, cultural, or ethical distinctions. On the other hand, I think some of the drawbacks or disadvantages of this relation could be that people also need to think for their own and base their own morality and ethics on their choices and perspectives. We could see when cultural differences deeply entangle and cross the boundary of what would seem “unethical” in some cultures, but is perceived as perfectly “ethical” in theirs.

    Requirements: follow

  • Research paper

    This final project will require you to read a primary and secondary source, analyze both, evaluate both, and bring it together to act as support for your writing. All options require strong critical engagement with both the focal primary text(s) and with the required source(s). Submission Instructions: General Requirements for the Project: All submissions must: * use the assigned secondary source(s) in addition to whatever primary texts they discuss (and these sources must be used, actually cited, in the essay, not just listed in the works cited at the end) * be 1000-1200 words long. * must include an outline separate from the essay itself (format is not important). * must be original to this class and assignment (no submissions from other courses and or previous forums are allowed). * be in MLA format and use MLA style citations (see The APUS Library MLA Guide [webpage] for MLA formatting models; most of your sources will probably need to use the “Journal Articles” model). In addition to the chosen play and assigned corresponding secondary source, you may use additional peer-reviewed sources to back up your persuasive thesis. BE CAREFUL that you do not create a cut and paste essay of information from your various sources; your ideas are to be the focus of the essay, and the research should supplement and support your ideas. Also, take great care not to plagiarize; if in doubt, cite the source. Please include a URL to all additional sources. The play chosen and sources 1. Use Linguistic Taboos [webpage] Linguistic Taboos and the “Unscene” of Fear in Macbeth*. – Record details – EBSCOhost Research Databases and/or Shakespeares Conception of Moral Order in Macbeth [webpage] SHAKESPEARE’S CONCEPTION OF MORAL ORDER IN MACBETH. – Record details – EBSCOhost Research Databases to interpret Macbeth. Do you agree with your chosen article(s) argument? You may use outside sources to prove your points. 210ResearchProject use this link to see more explanation for this assignment. When creating the outline does not have to be very long and make sure to include that on a separate document.

  • Farhad Manjoo, Homelessness in California Is Dire. Heres How…

    Essay 1:

    Evaluating The How of An Effective Argument

    Article from the newspaper New York time. Title Farhad Manjoo, Homelessness in California Is Dire. Heres How You Can Help.

    Evaluating The How of An Effective Argument

    the essentials effective written argument: how it is constructed, what techniques the author uses, and whether/why we are persuaded.

    Your goal is to use the tools of effective argument to evaluate a contemporary argument from our readings in the initial modules of the semester. Choose any argumentative article from our readings in Module 1. Youll analyze it as a successful or unsuccessful argument based on the tools of argument above.

    To do that, well look for the ways that the argument employs the following:

    Logos:

    • What choices are made by the author to make his/her ideas logical and effective?
    • How does the argument employ an initial enthymeme (You will have to define this, as not all non-academic arguments (such as those in the New York Times) will present one that is explicit; can you conceive of a clear initial enthymeme in the article’s argument and structure?)?

    Ethos:

    • What is the clear authority of the author over his/her subject (convincing examples? information? background or preparation to assert expertise?)?
    • Does the author use effective STAR criteria (is his/her evidence sufficient? is it typical? Is it accurate? is it relevant?)?
    • What convincing and authoritative outside evidence from experts in the subject is provided?

    Pathos:

    • How does the author engage the readers emotions?
    • What warrants are used to cause readers to feel more sympathetic to the subject, even if they disagree with the argument?
    • Is emotion used responsibly, or is it false? Has the author used logical fallacies to mislead or persuade through false grounds?

    Kairos:

    • How does the author illustrate the arguments relevance or timeliness?
    • What possible solutions are suggested or avenues toward responding to the problem opened up?
    • The question you should answer in your evaluation of the argument youve chosen:
    • How does the author present an effective/ineffective argument, and why is/isnt it so convincing?

    Your goal in this essay is to create your own initial enthymemethe term we use for a sophisticated, claim-based thesisthat makes an argument about the authors success or failure to persuade an audience to believe his claims. You can agree with one of his/her themes, disagree, or show that he/she hasnt fully considered the problem and explain what he/she should have focused on to be more successful.

    However, dont create a grocery list essay that merely lists logos, ethos, pathos, and kairos paragraphs. Instead, make a claim about the success of the argument in your initial enthymeme that you can prove, and use logos, ethos, and pathos as examples for your major points.

    Discussion board that is part of my essay.

    Discussion

    Farhad Manjoo, Homelessness in California Is Dire. Heres How You Can Help.

    Step 1. Primary Argument or Claim

    In Farhad Manjoos article Homelessness in California Is Dire. Heres How You Can Help, his main argument is that homelessness in California is a serious and growing problem, mainly because housing is too expensive, and that regular people like us can actually do something to help. He does not clearly state one formal thesis sentence, but his main idea can be understood as this: homelessness is increasing because housing costs are out of control, and people need to take action by donating, volunteering, supporting housing reform, and treating homeless people with dignity. We can tell this is his main claim because he begins by explaining how big the problem is. Manjoo writes that there are now about 174,000 people in the state without a place to live. That number immediately shows how serious the crisis is. He also explains that homelessness is driven by the states precipitous cost of housing. This gives a clear cause for the problem instead of just blaming individuals. After presenting the problem and the cause, the rest of the article focuses on what we can do. This shows that his goal is not just to inform readers but to persuade them to take action.

    Step 2. Ethos and Authoritative Evidence

    Manjoo builds credibility by using experts who work directly with homeless communities. For example, he quotes Jan Perry, the executive director of Shelter Partnership, who says the magnitude of the human suffering in this city is like none weve ever seen. Because Perry works closely with people experiencing homelessness, her words carry weight and show that this is not just exaggeration. He also includes Bill Bedrossian, the chief executive of Covenant House California. Bedrossian explains that many homeless young people are working full-time jobs. He describes how someone living in a cardboard box or a makeshift tiny home under an overpass may still be working 40 hours a week. This example is powerful because it challenges the common belief that homeless people just need to work harder. It shows that even employment is not enough when housing costs are too high. Manjoo also quotes Margot Kushel from the University of California, San Francisco. Including a university researcher adds academic authority to the argument. Overall, by using nonprofit leaders, experts, and research, Manjoo strengthens his credibility and shows that his argument is based on real experience and knowledge, not just opinion.

    Step 3. Pathos and Emotional Appeal

    Manjoo uses emotional appeals in a calm but meaningful way. At the beginning of the article, he says it is easy to feel helpless and hopeless about homelessness. That connects emotionally because many people probably feel that way when they see tents on the streets or people sleeping outside. One of the strongest emotional moments is when Kushel explains that homeless people often feel invisible or unrecognized just completely abandoned or left behind. This reminds readers that homelessness is not just about housing but also about dignity and human worth. It makes the reader stop and think about how isolating that experience must feel. The idea that someone can work full-time and still not be able to afford a place to live is also emotional. It makes the situation feel unfair and more personal. These emotional details help readers sympathize with homeless individuals and feel more motivated to care about the issue.

    Step 4. Kairos and Relevance

    This article is especially timely because it is part of the New York Times Holiday Giving Guide. During the holidays, many people are thinking about helping others, so this is a strategic time to talk about homelessness. Manjoo clearly tells readers, You can do something. That short sentence makes the issue feel urgent and personal. He gives specific suggestions, such as donating money, volunteering time, supporting housing advocacy groups, and even attending city council meetings. Kushel explains that people who support low-income housing have to show up. This shows that change will not happen unless people get involved. The article feels relevant because homelessness is still rising and housing costs continue to increase. Manjoo does not only explain the problem; he explains why it matters right now and what we can do about it. By combining statistics, expert voices, emotional appeals, and clear action steps, he makes his argument both timely and persuasive.

  • HUM 215 Project Guidelines and Rubric

    Competencies In this project, you will demonstrate your mastery of the following competencies: Explain how creators communicate individual and cultural values and perspectives Explain how creative works influence cultures Describe a facet of culture conveyed by a creative work of cultural significance Overview Cultural organizations often invite a creator to be a part of the organization for a period of time to work on a project or explore new ideas that connect to the mission of the organization. This relationship between the organization and the creator is called an artist residency. An artist residency can take whatever form the organization desires. A library may invite a poet, a museum may invite a painter, a symphony may invite a composer, or a playhouse may invite a playwright. An artist residency is not limited to traditional performance spaces. A comic book convention may invite a graphic novelist, or a national park may invite a creator for a summer program. Organizations may issue an open call for creators to apply to the residency or, in some cases, recruit a specific creator whose work embodies the organizations values, such as social justice, sustainability, or civic responsibility. An artist residency can give creators in all areas of the arts an opportunity to express their individual and cultural values and perspectives. Scenario You will develop a proposal to a cultural organization to recommend that a particular creator be invited for an artist residency. To allow you the option of exploring the work of creators from any time period, you can imagine that you have a time machine that can bring a creator from the past into the present. The proposal will explain how the creator and their works are relevant to the cultural organization and will focus on one specific creative work as an example. This project is an opportunity to consider a creator for a residency that highlights the cultural connections of their work to the mission of a cultural organization. Directions You will select a creator and a creative work that represents a theme such as social justice, sustainability, or civic responsibility. You can select a creator from any list in the Project Resources, linked in the Supporting Materials section below. Alternatively, with instructor approval, you may choose a creator not included in the provided list. Your project will be to write a proposal for this creators residency at a cultural organization. Your proposal is divided into three parts. Part One of the project relates to the creator. Part Two describes a creative work of your choice that has cultural significance and is representative of how the creators work relates to the themes of social justice, sustainability, or civic responsibility. Part Three describes an aspect of culture conveyed by the creative work to explain how culture influences the works creation, interpretation, and importance. Keep in mind that you need to cite at least three sources from the Shapiro Library. Specifically, you must address the following rubric criteria: Part One: Who Is the Creator? In this section, you will introduce the creator and give an overview of their creative work. Cultural Values and Perspectives: Describe the cultural values and perspectives that have influenced the creator. Consider the following questions: Who is the creator? How do time and location influence the creator? What was happening in society that relates to the creators work? What are the unique life experiences that impact the creators work? Relationship Between Cultural Values and Those of Chosen Creator: Explain the relationship between your own cultural values and perspectives and those of your chosen creator. What connections exist between your values and perspectives and those of the creator? Creators Transmission: Explain how the creators transmission of their creative work impacts how the audience interprets the works message. Consider the following questions: What are the ways that the creator gets the work out to an audience? How does technology affect the audiences experience of a creative work? How is the audiences understanding of the creative work shaped by the means of transmission? Multiple Layers of Meaning: Describe the multiple layers of meaning in the creators work. How are cultural experiences represented in the creators work? Part Two: What Is the Creative Works Influence on Culture? In this section, you will describe one of the creative works of the creator you have invited for the residency, and discuss its cultural influence. Todays Society: Describe the relationship between todays society and the selected creative work. Consider the following questions: What has been the reaction of society to the work? Who has reacted to the work in this way? What cultural elements led to such a reaction? Values of the Creators Culture: Describe how the elements of culture present in the selected creative work shaped the values of the creators culture or another culture. Consider the following questions: How does the subject of the creators work shape what is important to the culture? Who is the audience for the creators work? How does the creators choice of medium for their creative work affect how the work is experienced? Cultural Change: Describe a cultural change influenced by the selected creative work. Consider the following question: What is a new way of thinking or acting that relates to the creative work? Expressed Differently by Another Culture: Explain how a version of the selected creative work may be expressed differently by another culture by shifting the cultural elements. Consider the following questions: How would the creative work be represented if created by a creator from a different culture? What cultural elements would change under those circumstances? Interpretation of the Selected Creative Work: Describe the interpretation of the selected creative work based on varying cultural values. Consider the following question: How would the cultural elements of the creative work be interpreted differently depending on another cultures values? Part Three: What Is the Cultural Influence on the Creative Work? In this section, you will describe a facet of culture conveyed by the creative work. Cultural Significance: Describe the cultural significance of the selected creative work. Power Structure: Describe a power structure that influenced the cultural significance of the selected creative work. Consider the following question: What power structure had an impact on whether the creative work is considered culturally significant? Bias: Describe the impact of bias on the selected creative works cultural significance. Whose bias impacted the cultural significance of the created work? How did bias affect the cultural significance of the work? Characteristics of the Culture: Describe characteristics of the culture represented in the selected creative work at the time the work was created. Consider the following questions: What belief held by the culture is seen in the creative work? What idea central to cultural identity is exemplified in the work? Elements of Culture: Describe elements of culture found in the selected creative work. What elements of culture (language, symbols, customs) are seen in the creative work? Creators Culture: Describe how understanding the creators culture aids in the interpretation of the selected creative works meaning. What characteristics and elements of the creators culture provide a way to understand the creative work? What to Submit Your submission should be a 5- to 7-page Microsoft Word document with 12-point Times New Roman font, double spacing, and one-inch margins. Use at least 3 sources from the Shapiro Library to support your proposal. Sources should be cited according to APA style both throughout and at the end of your paper. Although Brightspace allows the addition of video notes in assignment submissions, you may not use the Video Note tool to complete this assignment. Supporting Materials The following resources support your work on the project: Reading: Project Resources This resource contains a list of creators whom you may choose from, as well as resources from the Shapiro Library. Shapiro Library Guide: APA Style This guide from the Shapiro Library will be a great resource as you cite the sources you are using throughout this course. Project Rubric Criteria Exceeds Expectations (100%) Meets Expectations (85%) Partially Meets Expectations (55%) Does Not Meet Expectations (0%) Value Cultural Values and Perspectives Exceeds expectations in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative manner Describes the cultural values and perspectives that have influenced the creator Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include naming the creator and describing specific cultural values and perspectives that influenced them Does not attempt criterion 6 Relationship Between Cultural Values and Those of Chosen Creator Exceeds expectations in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative manner Explains the relationship between ones own cultural values and perspectives and those of the chosen creator Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include providing a more thorough explanation of the relationship between ones own cultural values and those of chosen creator Does not attempt criterion 6 Creators Transmission Exceeds expectations in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative manner Explains how the creators transmission of their creative work impacts how the audience interprets the works message Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include providing more details to explain how the creators transmission of their creative work impacts the audiences interpretation of the works message Does not attempt criterion 6 Multiple Layers of Meaning Exceeds expectations in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative manner Describes the multiple layers of meaning in the creators work Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include providing more details in describing the multiple layers of meaning in the creators work Does not attempt criterion 6 Todays Society Exceeds expectations in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative manner Describes the relationship between todays society and the selected creative work Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include providing more detailed information to describe the relationship between todays society and the selected creative work Does not attempt criterion 6 Values of the Creators Culture Exceeds expectations in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative manner Describes how the elements of culture present in the selected creative work shaped the values of the creators culture or another culture Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include a more thorough explanation of how the creative work shaped specific values of the creators culture, elements of culture in the creative work, or another culture Does not attempt criterion 6 Cultural Change Exceeds expectations in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative manner Describes a cultural change influenced by the selected creative work Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include providing more details to describe a specific cultural change influenced by the creative work Does not attempt criterion 6 Expressed Differently by Another Culture Exceeds expectations in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative manner Explains how a version of the selected creative work may be expressed differently by another culture by shifting the cultural elements Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include providing more detailed information about specific cultural elements to explain how a version of the selected creative work may be expressed differently by another culture Does not attempt criterion 6 Interpretation of the Selected Creative Work Exceeds expectations in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative manner Describes the interpretation of the selected creative work based on varying cultural values Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include providing more details to describe the interpretation of the creative work based on varying cultural values Does not attempt criterion 6 Cultural Significance Exceeds expectations in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative manner Describes the cultural significance of the selected creative work Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include providing more details to describe the cultural significance of the selected creative work Does not attempt criterion 6 Power Structure Exceeds expectations in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative manner Describes a power structure that influenced the cultural significance of the selected creative work Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include providing more detailed information to describe a specific power structure that influenced the cultural significance of the creative work Does not attempt criterion 6 Bias Exceeds expectations in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative manner Describes the impact of bias on the selected creative works cultural significance Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include providing a more thorough description of the impact of bias on whether the selected creative work is considered culturally significant Does not attempt criterion 6 Characteristics of the Culture Exceeds expectations in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative manner Describes the characteristics of the culture represented in the selected creative work at the time the work was created Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include providing more details to describe the characteristics of the culture represented in the creative work, with specific examples from the time the work was created Does not attempt criterion 6 Elements of Culture Exceeds expectations in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative manner Describes elements of culture found in the selected creative work Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include providing a more detailed description of the elements of culture found in the selected creative work Does not attempt criterion 6 Creators Culture Exceeds expectations in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative manner Describes how understanding the creators culture aids in the interpretation of the selected creative works meaning Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include providing a more thorough description of how understanding the creators culture aids in the interpretation of the selected creative works meaning Does not attempt criterion 6 Clear Communication Exceeds expectations with an intentional use of language that promotes a thorough understanding Consistently and effectively communicates in an organized way to a specific audience Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but communication is inconsistent or ineffective in a way that negatively impacts understanding Shows no evidence of consistent, effective, or organized communication 5 Citations and Attributions Uses citations for ideas requiring attribution, with few or no minor errors Uses citations for ideas requiring attribution, with consistent minor errors Uses citations for ideas requiring attribution, with major errors Does not use citations for ideas requiring attribution 5 Total: