It is the first part of an argumentative essay address the problems with viewpoints and evidence rather than arguing them.

All cited sources, in text citation and information have to come fromhttps://go-gale-com.allstate.libproxy.ivytech.edu/ps/start.do?p=OVIC&u=ivytech7

INITIAL POST AND RESPOND TO TWO PEERS In this discussion, you will write a possible working thesis statement for your argument essay and try out various claims for arguments you could make in your draft of Writing Project 3: Argument. Start a new thread in this board and respond to the following prompt. Click the Post Reply button to submit your initial post: Based on your topic, construct a working thesis statement responding to your class’s closed research theme question. (You may end up keeping or modifying this working thesis statement for Writing Project 3: Argument). Construct at least 4 different claims (four different “I Says”) supporting your working thesis statement, which could in turn be supported by evidence from your readings and research. For the purpose of this exercise, try at least one of each of the claim types outlined in the “Building Your Arguments” slideshow. Label each claim by type. A claim of definition or classification A claim of cause and effect A claim of value A claim of solutions or policies Optional: A claim that is a combination of the claim types above or that is different from the claim types above. Choose one or two of the claims you wrote and make a few notes underneath on the types of evidence you might use to support each claim. As appropriate, note the title and/or author of closed research theme readings, background readings, and/or library research that could be used for support. As best you can, categorize the kind of evidence you found in the source that would best support the claim: facts, statistics, results of a research study, expert opinion, a story of testimony of one’s personal experience, a definition, witness observation, etc. Lastly, reflect on the creation of your four or more claims. You may comment on any or all of the following questions. Explain your answers. Which claim was the hardest to come up with, and/or which was the easiest? Which claim do you think provides the strongest support for your working thesis statement? Which claim do you think would be the most interesting to write on? Which claim would require the most new or additional research to support? Which claims could be combined to create a more effective claim or a stronger thesis statement? Identify one or more specific claims from your list and explain why your readers should care about it. Comment on anything else you learned about creating and supporting claims from doing this exercise. Your Module 7 initial post should be at least 150 original words. Module 7 Responses Respond to 2 or more posts made by your classmates. To respond to a peer, click the Reply button underneath that peer’s post. After you’ve written your response, click the Post Reply button to submit your response. Possible ways to respond include: Comment on the relative strengths or weaknesses of the suggested claims. Which claim is the best developed or can be most effectively debated or supported? Give reasons for your choice. Comment on which claim sounds most interesting from a readers point of view. Which argument do you care about the most? Which claim, if any, would you not be interested in? Explain why you do (or don’t!) care. Take on the role of a skeptic, someone who is willing to be persuaded based on the evidence but who will ask questions and cast doubt if things dont add up. Ask specific questions about one of your peer’s claims that readers could be skeptical about or write an “Okay, But” response to one of your peer’s claims. Suggest specific wording changes or additions to any of the claims or working thesis statements to clarify, focus, or strengthen them. Explain the reasons for your suggested changes. Altogether, your Module 7posts (initial post and at least 2 responses) should add up to at least 350 words, and each reply to a classmate needs to be a minimum of 100 words each. All posts are due by the end of Module 7.

Some battles are fought so quietly that the world never notices them. Struggles are not always conspicuous; they rarely arrive as catastrophic spectacles. Instead, they advance inexorably, reshaping your inner world while everything outward appears ordinary. For a long time, what I experienced felt ambiguous an unnameable heaviness I believed I could outlast through sheer determination. Yet the human mind is arcane, and before I realised it, I was caught in a silent dilemma: continue pretending I was strong, or admit that I was slowly unravelling. My thoughts grew restless, often overtaken by relentless anxiety that transformed minor worries into overwhelming storms. Emotions shifted with an intensity that left me disoriented, and even the simplest tasks demanded a tenacious effort. From the outside, I seemed composed, moving through life with perfunctory smiles that concealed the turmoil within. Few recognised the weight I carried because pain is not always visible. Eventually, the struggle reached a point where ignoring it was no longer possible. One night, after feeling completely defeated, I made a decision born not from clarity, but from exhaustion a moment that would alter the course of my life. Waking up in a mental health hospital forced me to confront a reality I could no longer escape. At first, I saw that sterile room as proof of failure, convinced that I had reached an irreversible low. Yet within that stillness came an unexpected awareness: I was still here. And perhaps that meant something within me, however fragile, had not given up. It was there that my understanding of courage began to transform. Surrounded by others emulous in their determination to heal, I realised that bravery is seldom loud. Courage was choosing to stay when retreat felt easier. It was facing each day despite the lingering weight, allowing myself to be supported instead of resisting it. Healing unfolded as an inexorable process uneven, frustrating, yet quietly transformative. Looking back now, I understand that the experience did not destroy me; it refined me. It taught me that strength is not the absence of darkness but the refusal to let it define you. I learned that vulnerability is not weakness, and that surviving your lowest moments reveals a resilience you may never have known existed. Today, I measure courage differently. Sometimes it is simply believing that tomorrow deserves a chance, even when today feels unbearable. The voice that urges me forward is not loud, yet it is steadfast. Courage does not always roar. Often, it is the soft, tenacious whisper that rises after your darkest night reminding you that no moment, no matter how ineluctable it once seemed, is powerful enough to prevent the dawn.

CJ 120 Module Five Assignment One Guidelines and Rubric

Overview

In this assignment, you will look at Lodens Wheel of Diversity factors and identify the pertinent information that frequently impacts interactions throughout the criminal justice system, specifically in relation to policing, courts, and corrections.

Prompt

In Modules Three and Four, you examined , which portrays the lens through which people process information and the assumptions it can lead to about others. These assumptions drive our own behaviors and can ultimately have a negative (or sometimes positive) impact on others. The wheel consists of five Diversity Dimensions: Personality, Internal, External, Organizational, and Era. Each dimension contains its own set of attributes or factors. While some factors are out of our control (e.g., internal dimension), others may change over time and are the basis for our decision making. Being able to identify these unique characteristics along with the specific dimension can help you gain a better understanding of the factors that influence our behaviors as well as the impact they have on interactions within the criminal justice system. This will also assist you as you consider individual biases in Project Two, which you will complete in Module Seven.

In this assignment, include the following:

Prevalent Factors

First, review Lodens Wheel of Diversity.

• Identify at least five factors you think would be most prevalent in influencing interactions within the criminal justice system.
• Take careful note of which dimension each factor belongs to in order to determine whether or not it is within our control.

Identify Quotes: Sharanda Jones Case

Now that you have predicted which factors you think would be the most prevalent, you will need to identify quotes that provide evidence of each factor.

• First, read the Sharanda Jones case and the supporting materials/resources associated with this case.
• Reading:
• This article explains details of the Sharanda Jones case.
• Reading:
• This article explains details of the Sharanda Jones case.
• Next, using the Milestone Two Table Template document provided, identify at least three quotes (or specific information) from the case that connect to your identified Lodens Wheel factors.

Additional Factors

Look over Lodens Wheel again. What additional factors might influence interactions within the criminal justice system?

• Identify at least three additional factors. Do not use the same factors you already identified.

Identify Quotes: Sharanda Jones/Other

• Identify quotes from the Sharanda Jones case or other course resources that connect to each of the Lodens Wheel factors you identified.
• Note: You should have at least one quote (or specific information) to support each prevalent and additional factor you identified.

Reflect

Finally, consider the factors you chose and the quotes (or specific information) you found to support each factor. In one to two paragraphs, consider the following:

• How easily did the quotes (or information) you found align to the factors you initially predicted?
• Was it more difficult to find examples for certain factors? Why or why not?
• Did you find multiple examples for any factors (even if you didnt include those examples in your table)?
• Why do you think it might have been easier to find examples for certain factors?

Specifically, the following rubric criteria must be addressed:

1. Identify factors most prevalent in influencing interactions within the criminal justice system.
2. Identify additional factors that might influence interactions within the criminal justice system.
3. Identify quotes or specific information that connect to all Lodens Wheel factors you identified.
4. Reflect on the connection between the factors and the quotes or information you found.

What to Submit

This assignment must be completed using the . All references should be cited in APA format. (For more information on APA style, review the .) Your reflection should be included in the same document in the reflection section.

CJ 120 Module Five Assignment Two Guidelines and Rubric

Overview

In this assignment, you will be able to describe different cultures views on criminal justice professionals and identify incidents of misunderstandings. You will also be able to explain the current professional practices as well as the best practices that can help create cultural sensitivity in criminal justice professionals.

Prompt

At the beginning of the term, you discussed Culture in Communication and the ways in which individual implicit bias and stereotyping can lead to negative interactions between law enforcement professionals and members of the community. You then developed your own diversity training to assist sworn officers in reducing these incidents. Understanding the need for cultural awareness and sensitivity in law enforcement can help bridge the gap as well as build trust between sworn professionals and the community. This will also assist you in completed Module Five Assignment One in this module.

In Project One, you chose a civilian role. In Project Three, your success in the first project has been recognized, and you will be asked to provide a report to the Office of Accountability, which would like to hear your thoughts on other relevant issues.

To help prepare you for this report, in this assignment you will focus on one culture or subculture and how its views of and past misunderstandings with criminal justice professionals might impact interactions between the groups. Choose a culture or subculture group other than your own that you would like to examine further. For each section below, provide the following:

Views

Summarize, in 150300 words, an example of each of the following:

• Viewpoints your chosen culture or subculture group might have about criminal justice professionals
• An explanation of why this group might hold those views

Misunderstandings

Provide an example of a misunderstanding this culture or subculture group has had with criminal justice professionals. You may wish to consider one of the following areas. (Hint: You will need to provide an example of each of these areas in Project Three, so you may want to choose one of them now.)

• Language
• Religion/Beliefs
• Deafness
• Illiteracy

Professional Practices

Next, explore each of the professional practices listed below. For each practice, in 50100 words, describe the practice and then bullet point some of the possible outcomes of instituting it. This will help prepare you to explore each of these practices and make recommendations to the Office of Accountability in Project Three. Refer to the document for expectations and formatting guidelines for this section of the assignment.

• Understanding the public
• Diversity training
• Procedural justice
• Police legitimacy
• Diverse hiring practices

Specifically, the following rubric criteria must be addressed:

1. Explore the viewpoints of a culture or subculture group and why that group might hold those views.
2. Provide an example of a misunderstanding between a culture or subculture group and criminal justice professionals.
3. Describe professional practices and possible outcomes.

What to Submit

This assignment must be completed in written format. Any references must be cited in APA format. For more information on APA style, review the .

Module Five Project Draft Guidelines and Rubric

Overview

Your local community has decided to create a statue to commemorate an event. As part of this statue, a time capsule will be included, the contents of which will be opened in 50 years. You have been asked, as the community expert on the historical event related to this statue, to create a document that will be included as part of the time capsule that includes information about the event being commemorated. The people opening this time capsule in 50 years will then be able to reflect on your insight into the event as you have described it.

In this assignment, you will draft a background and historical narrative for the paper. This draft will include the Background of the Topic and Deconstructing the Historical Narrative sections. This assignment is a continuation of the work that youve already submitted in the previous modules. Be certain to review your instructors comments on those assignments to ensure that you are incorporating that feedback as you move forward towards the completion of the project.

The project consists of multiple draft assignments leading up to a final document. You will complete the following assignments:

• Module Two Topic Proposal: You will revise your work on this proposal to form Part One (Introduction) of your project.
• Module Three Collection of Sources: This assignment will inform multiple parts of your evaluation of sources for the project.
• Module Four Discussion: This assignment will provide a summary of your chosen project topic.
• Module Five Project Draft: You will revise your work on this draft to form Part Two (Background of the Topic) and Part Three (Deconstructing the Historical Narrative) of the project.
• Module Six Discussion: You will describe your personal experience with your chosen topic.
• Module Seven Project: You will submit your revised Parts One through Three along with Part Four (Changing the Narrative of History).

You will use the Project Template linked in the Supporting Materials section below to complete all drafts and the final document.

Directions

Use Part Two and Part Three of the Project Template linked in the Supporting Materials section below to draft the background and historical narrative of the paper. Note that you must adhere to this template in order to be eligible for full credit.

Specifically, you must address the following parts:

Part Two: Background of the Topic

In this section, you will examine the historical background of a particular narrative or discourse relevant to your topic, particularly voices or perspectives that have been overlooked or minimized. As you work on Part Two, keep in mind that your mission in the next section, Part Three, will be to deconstruct and critique the narrative.

1. Types of Sources: Describe the types of sources that were used to create the most common narrative surrounding the topic. You should address each of the following questions:
2. What types of media were used to broadcast information about the event as it was occurring?
3. What types of media were used to publicize the event after it had occurred?
4. Context: Describe the context of the sources you chose about your chosen topic. You should address each of the following questions:
5. Are they primary sources or secondhand interpretive accounts?
6. How is the content in the sources presented? Do the writers appear to take sides or simply give facts?
7. Components: Explain the components of the narrative of your topic. You should address each of the following questions:
8. How was the topic portrayed in media as it was unfolding?
9. How has media portrayed your topic at different points along the historical timeline since?
10. What information or perspectives could have been presented about your topic but were not?
11. Perspective: Apply a historical perspective to provide a context for your selected topic. You should address each of the following questions:
12. What other historical events were unfolding at the same time as your chosen topic?
13. What other sociocultural historical factors have an impact on how your topic is represented in your selected sources?
14. Validity: Determine the validity of the traditional historical narrative of the topic. You should address each of the following questions:
15. How does factual information about your topic affect how the historical narrative is portrayed? Do the facts reinforce the information highlighted in the narrative?
16. How has the narrative around your topic changed as new information has been discovered?

Part Three: Deconstructing the Historical Narrative

In Part Three, you will actively deconstruct the historical narrative concerning your topic and determine the overall validity of the narrative. Your objective here is to write a new narrative that provides a more holistic, inclusive version of history.

1. Credibility: Determine the credibility of the sources you selected for your chosen topic. You should address each of the following questions:
2. How do you determine credibility for the sources you chose?
3. Does it vary from source to source?
4. Bias: Describe potential bias in your selected sources for your chosen topic. You should address the following question:
5. How do an authors beliefs and agenda impact the information they present in their account?
6. Power Structures: Identify the power structures that influence the development of the historical narrative surrounding your chosen topic. You should address each of the following questions:
7. Who held the power in society when events related to your topic took place?
8. Who benefits from the traditional version of the story?
9. Variations: Explain why there are variations in the narrative of the event presented by your selected sources. You should address the following questions:
10. How do your selected sources present information about the topic in varied ways?
11. What information is presented in some sources but omitted in other sources?
12. Information Gaps: Explain why information gaps occur in the sources you selected for your chosen topic. You should address each of the following questions:
13. Why was information included or excluded about this topic in your selected sources? What purpose does this serve?
14. When new information about an event related to the topic came to light, was there any opportunity for your selected sources to include or correct excluded information in what they originally presented?

What to Submit

Your submission should be a 2- to 3-page Microsoft Word document with 12-point Times New Roman font, double spacing, and one-inch margins. Use at least three sources from the Shapiro Library, remembering that one of them must be a primary source. Sources should be cited according to APA style both throughout and at the end of your draft.

Although Brightspace allows the addition of video notes in assignment submissions, you may not use the Video Note tool to complete this assignment.

Supporting Materials

The following resource supports your work on the project:

Template:

This template provides an outline for Parts One through Four of your paper.

Read the following text of Primate visions Chapter 21 pg 19~25, Chapter 6 page 115~132, and write annotation of the text (I have to physically write down the annotation so make sure to include page number, like pg 19: important idea) . In the end, make about 1.5 page summary of the key ideas and conclusion.