B I U (-)

B I U

*** answer this discussion for two students

6.A7 Discussion Board 6 The Federalist Papers

Discussion Board 6 Federalist Papers

For this discussion board I want you to review the readings, powerpoints and lecture notes for Module 6 on the Constitution, specifically the Federalist Papers.

Remember your initial response is due by Thursday at 11:59 PM. You also need to respond to at least two other students. The two student responses are due by Sunday at 11:59 PM. Your initial response must be a minimum of 250 words. Responses to fellow students must be a minimum of 100 words.

Please select one of the following questions and respond:

• Provide an analysis of Federalist Paper 10, what is it about and how is it relevant today?
• Provide an analysis of Federalist Paper 51, what is it about and how is it relevant today?

Example1

Federalist Paper 10

The Federalist Paper 10 is a document written by James Madison about the potential division and creation of parties or factions, and how the Constitution and a Republican style government can maintain the byproducts caused by the factions. When defending this point he points out how the divisions or factions are naturally connected to complete liberty and freedom. He recognizes how to completely remove the ability to have factions would be similar to removing their liberties and civil rights. Meanwhile, Madison explains how having a republic in which everyones ideas are taken in and understood would be able to pacify or limit the damages that could come from factions.

Following this, the relevance the Federalist 10 paper carries today is that the division we experience today is in some ways loose. Recently its been feeling like more and more has the government been trying to prove one party over the other when in fact the way the government was designed was to promote all parties and all factions as a unity in the U.S.A. To truly respect our freedom and civil liberties all points and sides must be taken in and understood, everyone deserves their fair share in voting, and overall the government is to limit the damage and not add to it. Humans are naturally bound to do bad things in some cases, its an idea Madison took from the enlightenment era and used in this paper, and to account for that we have a republican government which is built to keep a check on the varying rises of division and how to give them all a voice but remain fair to others.

Example 2

Federalist Paper 51, was created by James Madison and shows how Building the Us Government can prevent lots of power to protect the rights of Individual rights of Liberties. James Madison shows how important the separation in power can create legislative, Executive, and Judicial branches. He shows how self interest of politicians can be leveraged to maintain balance so it can stop any tyranny. This helped out the three branches of Government which is the congress, the president and the supreme court. The federalist papers shows the importance of political compromise and the structural protections that James Madison help depend on people respecting the rules and traditions of the Government. The way he created the Federalist papers was not at all means perfect but it can show how people can work to manage the competing interests in our society. When he was writing the Federalist papers he wanted to defend federalism, he was super strong on building a federal system to power the National Government in a unique way. James Madison spoke about promoting Checks and Balances and he wanted to make sure that any branch could not overtake the Structure of it so he could protect the Individual rights and Liberty. He also created the federalist papers as a public education campaign to help out complex ideas in the constitution to get different opinions from Citizens and Politicians. I really wonder how the world would operate and what the system would look like today if there was no federalist papers created?

Example 3

• Provide an analysis of Federalist Paper 10, what is it about and how is it relevant today?

Federalist Paper No. 10 addresses the challenge of factions and why they concerned the founding fathers. Written by James Madison, the essay defines factions as groups of people united by shared interests or opinions, especially when those interests might harm others or conflict with the common good. Madison argued that factions are inevitable because people naturally differ in their beliefs, wealth, occupations, and goals, meaning disagreements are unavoidable. Rather than trying to eliminate factionswhich would restrict individual freedomMadison explained that the Constitution was designed to limit the negative effects factions can have. A key part of his argument is that a large republic is more effective than a small one. In a larger country, there are more people and a greater variety of interests, making it difficult for any single faction to dominate the political process. Representation through elected officials further ensures that no one group can easily impose its will on the rest of society. Federalist No. 10 remains highly relevant in todays political landscape, where factions appear in the form of political parties, interest groups, and even social media movements. Madisons insights help explain why the U.S. government relies on a system of representation, checks and balances, and a broad diversity of viewpoints. While factions continue to create disagreements and competition, the framework Madison described demonstrates how the Constitution was designed to prevent any single group from gaining unchecked power, ensuring that government remains balanced, fair, and protective of individual liberties.

6.7 Discussion Board 6 The Federalist Papers

Discussion Board 6 Federalist Papers

For this discussion board I want you to review the readings, powerpoints and lecture notes for Module 6 on the Constitution, specifically the Federalist Papers.

Remember your initial response is due by Thursday at 11:59 PM. You also need to respond to at least two other students. The two student responses are due by Sunday at 11:59 PM. Your initial response must be a minimum of 250 words. Responses to fellow students must be a minimum of 100 words.

Please select one of the following questions and respond:

• Provide an analysis of Federalist Paper 10, what is it about and how is it relevant today?
• Provide an analysis of Federalist Paper 51, what is it about and how is it relevant today?

Example1

Federalist Paper 10

The Federalist Paper 10 is a document written by James Madison about the potential division and creation of parties or factions, and how the Constitution and a Republican style government can maintain the byproducts caused by the factions. When defending this point he points out how the divisions or factions are naturally connected to complete liberty and freedom. He recognizes how to completely remove the ability to have factions would be similar to removing their liberties and civil rights. Meanwhile, Madison explains how having a republic in which everyones ideas are taken in and understood would be able to pacify or limit the damages that could come from factions.

Following this, the relevance the Federalist 10 paper carries today is that the division we experience today is in some ways loose. Recently its been feeling like more and more has the government been trying to prove one party over the other when in fact the way the government was designed was to promote all parties and all factions as a unity in the U.S.A. To truly respect our freedom and civil liberties all points and sides must be taken in and understood, everyone deserves their fair share in voting, and overall the government is to limit the damage and not add to it. Humans are naturally bound to do bad things in some cases, its an idea Madison took from the enlightenment era and used in this paper, and to account for that we have a republican government which is built to keep a check on the varying rises of division and how to give them all a voice but remain fair to others.

Example 2

Federalist Paper 51, was created by James Madison and shows how Building the Us Government can prevent lots of power to protect the rights of Individual rights of Liberties. James Madison shows how important the separation in power can create legislative, Executive, and Judicial branches. He shows how self interest of politicians can be leveraged to maintain balance so it can stop any tyranny. This helped out the three branches of Government which is the congress, the president and the supreme court. The federalist papers shows the importance of political compromise and the structural protections that James Madison help depend on people respecting the rules and traditions of the Government. The way he created the Federalist papers was not at all means perfect but it can show how people can work to manage the competing interests in our society. When he was writing the Federalist papers he wanted to defend federalism, he was super strong on building a federal system to power the National Government in a unique way. James Madison spoke about promoting Checks and Balances and he wanted to make sure that any branch could not overtake the Structure of it so he could protect the Individual rights and Liberty. He also created the federalist papers as a public education campaign to help out complex ideas in the constitution to get different opinions from Citizens and Politicians. I really wonder how the world would operate and what the system would look like today if there was no federalist papers created?

Example 3

• Provide an analysis of Federalist Paper 10, what is it about and how is it relevant today?

Federalist Paper No. 10 addresses the challenge of factions and why they concerned the founding fathers. Written by James Madison, the essay defines factions as groups of people united by shared interests or opinions, especially when those interests might harm others or conflict with the common good. Madison argued that factions are inevitable because people naturally differ in their beliefs, wealth, occupations, and goals, meaning disagreements are unavoidable. Rather than trying to eliminate factionswhich would restrict individual freedomMadison explained that the Constitution was designed to limit the negative effects factions can have. A key part of his argument is that a large republic is more effective than a small one. In a larger country, there are more people and a greater variety of interests, making it difficult for any single faction to dominate the political process. Representation through elected officials further ensures that no one group can easily impose its will on the rest of society. Federalist No. 10 remains highly relevant in todays political landscape, where factions appear in the form of political parties, interest groups, and even social media movements. Madisons insights help explain why the U.S. government relies on a system of representation, checks and balances, and a broad diversity of viewpoints. While factions continue to create disagreements and competition, the framework Madison described demonstrates how the Constitution was designed to prevent any single group from gaining unchecked power, ensuring that government remains balanced, fair, and protective of individual liberties.

History Response Paper Assignment

In order to fulfill the requirements for the course students will write a response paper writing
assignments.

RESPONSE PAPERS

You will write a response papers of 2-3 pages in length. The topics can be any topic you found and read in the primary course text or other texts provided up to this point in the class. You will write a 2-3 page response that is double spaced, Times New Roman with 12 Font, and have a proper introduction and conclusion. The response must explain the topic, why it is important to History (the significance), why you are interested in the topic, and your thoughts on the topic. The response papers will each count for 15% of the grade for a total of 30%.

The headings should follow the example below regarding Name, Course Number and Title etc.

Depending on the trajectory of the course and work presented by the students, I may elect to
select future topics at the instructors discretion.

Header example:
Name
Course Number, Title, and Section Number
Professors Name
Date
Title Centered

5.5 Video on The American Revolution (Watch)

Video on Taxes and Ideology

Here is a video on the taxes and more importantly the last part on ideology and the American Revolution. This is very useful for more context.

5.6 Video on Prelude to the Revolution (Watch)

Causes of the American Revolution

This video link provides background into the Prelude to the American Revolution. It is very helpful and has an abundance of details along with some quick wit.

5.7 How Battles were fought in the Revolution (Watch)

Tactics in the Revolutionary Period

Here is a short video describing basics of how battles were fought during the Revolution. The series has several other videos you can search for on Youtube.

History Response Paper Assignment

In order to fulfill the requirements for the course students will write a response paper writing
assignments.

RESPONSE PAPERS

You will write a response papers of 2-3 pages in length. The topics can be any topic you found and read in the primary course text or other texts provided up to this point in the class. You will write a 2-3 page response that is double spaced, Times New Roman with 12 Font, and have a proper introduction and conclusion. The response must explain the topic, why it is important to History (the significance), why you are interested in the topic, and your thoughts on the topic. The response papers will each count for 15% of the grade for a total of 30%.

The headings should follow the example below regarding Name, Course Number and Title etc.

Depending on the trajectory of the course and work presented by the students, I may elect to
select future topics at the instructors discretion.

Header example:
Name
Course Number, Title, and Section Number
Professors Name
Date
Title Centered

3.8 Mercantilism (video)

Mercantilism

The video below is on mercantilism, the economic system that was common during the time period we are studying. This is important to understand the basic relationship between the Imperial Powers and their colonies and the reasoning behind the establishment of colonies in the Americas.

3.9 Mercantilism (video)

Mercantilism in Context

This video here is a more in-depth coverage of the economic system known as mercantilism with much more historical context. While this is not an economics course, it is important to understand the basics of economics and the ways in which economic systems are organized. Mercantilism will be a central theme of the American Colonies and their push for freedom, leading to the adoption of Capitalism.

History Response Paper Assignment

In order to fulfill the requirements for the course students will write a response paper writing
assignments.

RESPONSE PAPERS

You will write a response papers of 2-3 pages in length. The topics can be any topic you found and read in the primary course text or other texts provided up to this point in the class. You will write a 2-3 page response that is double spaced, Times New Roman with 12 Font, and have a proper introduction and conclusion. The response must explain the topic, why it is important to History (the significance), why you are interested in the topic, and your thoughts on the topic. The response papers will each count for 15% of the grade for a total of 30%.

The headings should follow the example below regarding Name, Course Number and Title etc.

Depending on the trajectory of the course and work presented by the students, I may elect to
select future topics at the instructors discretion.

Header example:
Name
Course Number, Title, and Section Number
Professors Name
Date
Title Centered

5.5 Video on The American Revolution (Watch)

Video on Taxes and Ideology

Here is a video on the taxes and more importantly the last part on ideology and the American Revolution. This is very useful for more context.

5.8 Video on Who won the American Revolution (Watch)

The Outcome

Here is a video that discusses the course of the Revolution and some of the outcomes.

Creation & Consciousness Discussion

Hello Class!

Let us examine these myths and their relation to consciousness.

For your initial post (Due by Feb 15 Sunday 11:59p):

• Are there similarities between the creation myths/legends? What parallels did you note? Please describe.
• What questions do you think the people during the era were trying to answer? Do you believe this question was conceived by their conscious experience? Why or why not? Please use examples when possible.
• Do you see influences or similarities in these myths/legends with your personally learned myths/legends of creation?
• Do your personally learned myths/legends influence your consciousness? How so? If not, how has your conscious experience altered your thoughts/perceptions of your personally learned myth/legend?

Example 1

1. The creation myths both share similar upbringings in myths. The Norse creation myth and the Aztec myth both share a mutual upbringing of the world’s being built upon a monster. The Aztecs had certain gods who had attacked a monster, which created the world. The Norse Myth is just as similar to a set of brothers defeating a monster for the flesh was created to create the world. Both of these myths say that the worlds are made up of reincarnation, and it is now being recycled for a new world.

2. I think the people during this era were asking many reasonable questions. I think the genre of questions consisted of why certain planes or certain areas existed in the midst of their universe or void. The Norse had to think about how their world was able to exist, and the Aztecs had questioned whether their world could exist as well. I agree that the questions they were asking were conceived by conscious experience because of their actual lives. These people had lived amongst what they had said or written about, not fake, made-up concepts.

3. I believe I can see a similarity between these myths and my own learnt myths that it is written with perception, and it had to have come from one’s conscious mind. I believe we all tend to ask ourselves questions of why things had to happen or how, no matter the creation myth.

4. I believe my conscious experience has altered my thoughts on certain creation myths by the simple tasks or simple things I tend to learn to break those myths or legends. The myths and legends I had intaken when I was a kid, to now perceiving the world as I do doesn’t align, and it is crazy to realize how different it can alter it. A lot of the creation stories I have heard growing up, I don’t align myself with because of how my conscious experience has been.

Example 2

1. Are there similarities between the creation myths/legends? What parallels did you note?

One of the parallels I noted was the splitting of a being to create the heavens and the earth. Both Aztec and Norse myths had this aspect, and along with the Mesopotamian creation myth, that makes three creation stories where this has occurred! There’s also the parallel of the blood becoming the oceans/seas with the Mesopotamian myth, but that’s another discussion. There’s also the similarities of there not being a “nothing” and then a “something” — both befores to Aztec and Norse myths already existed, and from them came the gods/world we know. The cycle of creation-destruction-rebirth is also something I noticed in both stories.

2. What questions do you think the people during the era were trying to answer? Do you believe this question was conceived by their conscious experience? Why or why not?

I think a lot of mythology has to do with two things: agriculture and the life cycle. The growth of crops must have seen a miracle to ancient cultures, and they likely tracked their cycles closely. They noted when the cold came and likely tried dozens of ways to “bring back” the sun and kept doing what “worked”. They needed explanations and reasons for why the crops would stop growing, or the world grew cold, and in looking for those explanations came the stories of gods. The life cycle is also something I think influenced the creation of mythology. Humans desperately, even to this day, yearn to know what lies beyond. We’re inherently scared of death because it is the unknown — imagining what could come after, an “after-life”, gave a sense of ease to people who needed it. And then of course there’s the pure existence of birth. Imagine early people watching women get pregnant and give life, something only the powerful gods were said to be able to do! There’s a reason there’s so many fertility gods, goddesses, and celebrations! All this to say, I absolutely think the questions that needed answering were conceived by the conscious experience. These people lived and saw and experienced, and in doing so, they wondered. They needed answers. Humans are rational beings, and they need reasons — if they can’t find a reason, they’ll make their own.

3.Do you see influences or similarities in these myths/legends with your personally learned myths/legends of creation?

I was raised Christian, and so my most well known creation myth is the one in Genesis. Some similarities I see are humankind being made from some sort of organic, earthy material, such as clay or wood. There are many cycles of creation and destruction in them all as well.

4. Do your personally learned myths/legends influence your consciousness? How so? If not, how has your conscious experience altered your thoughts/perceptions of your personally learned myth/legend?

I suppose it does affect my consciousness, whether I’d like to admit it or not. Like I stated above, humans are scared of the unknown, of death. And I, surprisingly, am human. I like to imagine an afterlife of some kind, a place where I’m reunited with my loved ones and my ancestors, a place where I can finally find peace, and that hopeful thinking persists despite my rational brain deciding that all of this is just made up stuff in our brains to help us cope with existence. I’ve experienced too many things that cannot be explained in regards to the afterlife for me to say with 100% certainty that it’s all in our heads. Maybe growing up with an idea of Heaven, or simply an afterlife of some kind and/or spirits due to a very “spirit centric” grandmother, has influenced these events. But I won’t know until it’s eventually my turn to jump ship.

Empires & Humanity Discussion

Hello Class!

Let us examine Gilgamesh and the relationship between people & empires.

• Re-read the explanation you wrote prior to reading the Parsons text. Has your idea of what defines an empire changed? Why has it or why has it not? Do you believe that empires always fail? Explain.
• What ‘fate’ did Gilgamesh have to accept?
• Do you believe this epic was created to ease the anxiety of this ‘fate’?
• Why do you believe the Mesopotamian Empire mythologized Gilgamesh? What issue of the individual in a society does this epic present?

Reading:

Epic of Gilgamesh

*An epic is a long, often book-length, narrative in verse form that retells the heroic journey of a single person or a group of persons. Elements that typically distinguish epics include superhuman deeds, fabulous adventures, highly stylized language, and a blending of lyrical and dramatic traditions.

The most famous of the Mesopotamian heroes is Gilgamesh. The mythologizing of this early dynastic Sumerian king of Unug (Uruk) had already begun by about 2400 BCE. This was written ~1500 years before Homer wrote the Illiad.

As you read,

• Consider the reign of Gilgamesh and the perspective of the society he reigned over
• Consider Gilgamesh the individual, not the king
• Consider what you just reviewed about Ancient Mesopotamia and the zeitgeist (beliefs of the time)

Example 1

1. After reading the Empires text I would say that my definition on empires has definitely changed. For what I viewed an empire as I wrote, “a time period in which a kingdom ruled before being overtaken by a neighboring kingdom.” I feel like my definition focused too much on what I’ve learned about empires/dynasties in the past and didn’t consider that the characteristics have changed as time passed. I do believe that empires will always be destined to fail. As new generations are born, views and beliefs on what society should look like change with them.

2. The fate that Gilgamesh had to accept that he was in fact not immortal and that eventually he would die too.

3. I believe that the epic was made so that Gilgamesh would not be scared of death, but instead to accept it. The epic mentions that only gods are destined to live forever and since Gilgamesh is party human he too will have to serve the same fate and die eventually.

4. I think the Mesopotamian Empire mythologized Gilgamesh to remind him that even though he is a great king for his strength and resilience, he will still die in the end but his legacy will forever be remembered. I think it could also represent the people of Uruk who also were scared of death by showing them that death is inevitable for everyone so it’s best to embrace it and not fear it.

Example 2

1. I believe that empires will always fall. Empires are places that are made to expand but eventually expansion becomes so much that it collapses. This is what I have thought and still think because this has happened to all empires in history.

2. Gilgamesh had to accept the fate of having seen everything and then be too tired to appreciate it.

3. I think this epic was created to ease the anxiety of fate because it shows that everything comes no matter what.

4. They believed because it spoke of places and him talking to the Gods. The issue of the individual in a society is presented by the people talking to Gilgamesh

Empires & Humanity Discussion

Hello Class!

Let us examine Gilgamesh and the relationship between people & empires.

• Re-read the explanation you wrote prior to reading the Parsons text. Has your idea of what defines an empire changed? Why has it or why has it not? Do you believe that empires always fail? Explain.
• What ‘fate’ did Gilgamesh have to accept?
• Do you believe this epic was created to ease the anxiety of this ‘fate’?
• Why do you believe the Mesopotamian Empire mythologized Gilgamesh? What issue of the individual in a society does this epic present?

Reading:

Epic of Gilgamesh

*An epic is a long, often book-length, narrative in verse form that retells the heroic journey of a single person or a group of persons. Elements that typically distinguish epics include superhuman deeds, fabulous adventures, highly stylized language, and a blending of lyrical and dramatic traditions.

The most famous of the Mesopotamian heroes is Gilgamesh. The mythologizing of this early dynastic Sumerian king of Unug (Uruk) had already begun by about 2400 BCE. This was written ~1500 years before Homer wrote the Illiad.

As you read,

• Consider the reign of Gilgamesh and the perspective of the society he reigned over
• Consider Gilgamesh the individual, not the king
• Consider what you just reviewed about Ancient Mesopotamia and the zeitgeist (beliefs of the time)

Example 1

1. After reading the Empires text I would say that my definition on empires has definitely changed. For what I viewed an empire as I wrote, “a time period in which a kingdom ruled before being overtaken by a neighboring kingdom.” I feel like my definition focused too much on what I’ve learned about empires/dynasties in the past and didn’t consider that the characteristics have changed as time passed. I do believe that empires will always be destined to fail. As new generations are born, views and beliefs on what society should look like change with them.

2. The fate that Gilgamesh had to accept that he was in fact not immortal and that eventually he would die too.

3. I believe that the epic was made so that Gilgamesh would not be scared of death, but instead to accept it. The epic mentions that only gods are destined to live forever and since Gilgamesh is party human he too will have to serve the same fate and die eventually.

4. I think the Mesopotamian Empire mythologized Gilgamesh to remind him that even though he is a great king for his strength and resilience, he will still die in the end but his legacy will forever be remembered. I think it could also represent the people of Uruk who also were scared of death by showing them that death is inevitable for everyone so it’s best to embrace it and not fear it.

Example 2

1. I believe that empires will always fall. Empires are places that are made to expand but eventually expansion becomes so much that it collapses. This is what I have thought and still think because this has happened to all empires in history.

2. Gilgamesh had to accept the fate of having seen everything and then be too tired to appreciate it.

3. I think this epic was created to ease the anxiety of fate because it shows that everything comes no matter what.

4. They believed because it spoke of places and him talking to the Gods. The issue of the individual in a society is presented by the people talking to Gilgamesh