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Category: Finance

  • Financial distress analysis

    Purpose

    Apply corporate finance concepts to a real public company showing signs of financial distress. Your job is to diagnose the problem, evaluate its severity, and make an evidence-based recommendation.

    Objectives

    Identify financial and nonfinancial warning signs of distress.

    Analyze liquidity, leverage, profitability, and cash flow using real company data.

    Explain the likely causes of distress using both financial evidence and business context.

    Assess the firms survival prospects and likely strategic outcome.

    Make a recommendation supported by analysis, not opinion.

    Project Overview

    This is an team-based research project in which you will evaluate one real publicly traded company that appears to be in financial distress. Your analysis should combine financial statement analysis, recent market or news evidence, and strategic reasoning. You are not simply describing poor performance. You are evaluating whether the company faces a serious risk of restructuring, bankruptcy, acquisition, or turnaround.

    Step 1: Select a Company

    Choose a U.S. publicly traded company that shows signs of financial distress in the past five year. You may choose your own company or use one assigned by the instructor. (Large firms that encountered financial distress in the past five years include Rite Aid, Spirit Airlines, and WeWork, Tupperware Brands and Bed Bath & Beyond.)

    Good candidates often have one or more of the following characteristics:

    • Negative earnings or repeated losses
    • Declining sales or margins
    • Weak cash balances or negative operating cash flow
    • Heavy debt burden or near-term debt maturities
    • Layoffs, restructuring, asset sales, covenant pressure, going-concern warnings, or bankruptcy headlines

    Suggested Data Sources

    Use credible, traceable sources. At a minimum, you should rely on the companys SEC filings and supplement them with market or business sources.

    Recommended sources include:

    • SEC EDGAR: 10-K, 10-Q, 8-K, proxy filings, debt disclosures
    • Annual reports and investor presentations
    • Earnings press releases and earnings call summaries
    • Yahoo Finance, Macrotrends, or Koyfin for market data and trend charts
    • Major business news sources for recent restructuring or distress developments

    Step 2: Gather Evidence

    Collect enough information to evaluate the company over time rather than based on one quarter alone.

    You should gather at least the following:

    • Three years of income statement data
    • Three years of balance sheet data
    • Three years of cash flow statement data
    • Recent stock price performance
    • Debt information, including maturity timing if available
    • At least three recent news items or disclosures related to distress

    Step 3: Complete the Analysis

    Your report must address each of the following sections clearly and professionally.

    A. Company Background

    Briefly describe what the company does, what industry it operates in, and why it appears distressed. Include the company name, ticker, headquarters, core business lines, and any major recent developments that frame the case.

    B. Evidence of Financial Distress

    Identify and explain the main warning signs. Go beyond saying the company is ‘doing badly.’ Show why the evidence points to distress.

    Possible indicators include declining revenue, negative EBIT or net income, shrinking cash, negative operating cash flow, weak coverage ratios, debt coming due, credit downgrades, auditor concerns, restructuring announcements, layoffs, or major asset sales.

    C. Ratio and Trend Analysis

    Compute and interpret relevant ratios. At a minimum, include measures of liquidity, leverage, profitability, and debt-servicing ability.

    Suggested ratios: current ratio, quick ratio, debt-to-assets, debt-to-equity, interest coverage, operating margin, net margin, return on assets, and operating cash flow to current liabilities.

    Do not just report numbers. Explain what the ratios imply and whether the trend is improving or worsening.

    D. Cash Flow Analysis

    Discuss whether the company is generating enough cash to support operations, service debt, and fund investment needs.

    Pay special attention to operating cash flow, free cash flow, capital expenditures, and financing dependence.

    E. Causes of Distress

    Diagnose the likely causes of distress. Separate symptoms from underlying causes.

    Examples of causes include excessive leverage, poor acquisitions, shrinking demand, cost inflation, industry disruption, legal problems, weak execution, or an unsustainable business model.

    F. Survival and Valuation Assessment

    Assess the companys ability to survive over the next 12 to 24 months.

    Questions to consider: Can it refinance? Can it raise equity? Does it have valuable assets to sell? Is restructuring likely? Is the equity still meaningful, or does debt dominate enterprise value?

    You may include simple valuation evidence such as market capitalization trends, enterprise value comparisons, Altman Z-score, or debt-versus-firm-value discussion.

    G. Final Recommendation

    Give one clear conclusion and defend it with evidence.

    Your conclusion should choose the most likely path: recovery, turnaround with restructuring, acquisition target, high bankruptcy risk, or likely failure/liquidation.

    Recommended Report Structure

    Section

    What to Include

    Suggested Length

    Points

    Company background

    Business description, industry, why the company appears distressed

    0.5-1page

    10

    Distress evidence

    Warning signs from filings, ratios, and recent developments

    1 page

    20

    Financial analysis

    Liquidity, leverage, profitability, and cash flow analysis

    1 pages

    25

    Causes of distress

    Diagnosis of underlying reasons

    1 page

    15

    Survival assessment

    Ability to refinance, restructure, or recover

    1 page

    15

    Recommendation

    Final conclusion supported by evidence

    0.5 page

    15

    Required Deliverables

    • 1. A written report, approximately 5-6 pages, excluding exhibits
    • 2. A presentation of about 68 minutes (TBA)
    • 3. An appendix with supporting tables, ratio calculations, and source list

    Presentation Expectations

    • Introduce the company and explain why you selected it.
    • Highlight the most important distress warning signs.
    • Present the most meaningful financial findings rather than too many ratios.
    • Explain your conclusion clearly and professionally.
    • Use visuals such as trend charts, ratio tables, or a brief debt-maturity summary.

    Grading Rubric

    Category

    What Strong Work Looks Like

    Weight

    Evidence of distress

    Uses specific and convincing indicators from statements, disclosures, and current developments

    20%

    Financial analysis

    Ratios and trend analysis are accurate, relevant, and well interpreted

    25%

    Diagnosis of causes

    Distinguishes between symptoms and underlying causes of distress

    20%

    Recommendation quality

    Final conclusion is clear, realistic, and supported by evidence

    20%

    Communication and professionalism

    Writing, formatting, citations, and presentation quality are polished and credible

    15%

    Submission Checklist

    I selected a real publicly traded company and explained why it appears distressed.

    I used at least three years of financial statement data where available.

    I included at least five meaningful ratios and interpreted them.

    I discussed recent distress-related developments using credible sources.

    I explained the causes of distress, not just the symptoms.

    I made one clear recommendation about the companys likely future.

    I attached exhibits, calculations, and a source list.

    I include all my team members’ name on my submission.

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  • LAMYA_FIN403

    Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Ministry of Education

    Saudi Electronic University

    College of Administrative and Financial Sciences

    Assignment 3

    Course Name: Investments

    Course Code: FIN403

    CRN:

    Assignment Title: Advanced Topics in Investment and Risk Management

    Semester: First

    Academic Year: 2025-26

    Suggested Role Division

    Student Name

    Student ID

    Assigned Part

    Section Title

    Part A

    Part B

    Part C

    Part D

    For Instructors Use only

    Instructors Name:

    Assigned Part

    Individual Section Grade 8

    Group effort Grade 2

    Presentation Grade 10

    Total Grade 20

    Level of Marks

    Part A

    High/Middle/Low

    Part B

    High/Middle/Low

    Part C

    High/Middle/Low

    Part D

    High/Middle/Low

    Average Grade (Group Overall)

    High/Middle/Low

    Important Guidelines –Please read carefully

    General Instructions

  • Submit the assignment through Blackboard (Word format only) via the designated folder.
    Submissions via email or late submissions will not be accepted.
    Make sure your work is clear, wellstructured, and includes your complete details on the cover page.
    Plagiarism or use of AI-generated content will result in a grade of zero.
  • All answers must be typed in Times New Roman (size 12, doublespaced).

    • Learning Outcomes:

    After completion of Assignment, the students will be able to understand the following

    CLO4:Demonstrate the valuation methods used for the valuation of the common forms of debt, equity, property, and derivative securities.

    CLO5:Illustrate asset models of a stochastic nature that are appropriate to the management of liabilities.

    The assignment consists of two parts:

    Part 1: Assignment Questions (10 Marks)

    • Bond Selection and Interest Rate Expectations:

    Should an investor who expects interest rates to decline seek low- or high-coupon bonds? Relate your answer to duration and price sensitivity.

    B.Warrant Pricing and Investor Behavior:

    Why do investors tend to pay a smaller premium for a warrant as the price of the stock goes up?

    C.Stock vs. Options: Risk and Loss Analysis

    Assume you wish to control the price movement of 100 shares of stock. You may buy 100 shares of stock directly or purchase a call option on the 100 shares. Which strategy is likely to expose you to the larger potential dollar amount of loss? Which strategy is likely to expose you to the larger potential percentage loss on your investment?

    D.Hedging Strategies Using Financial Futures

    How can using the financial futures markets for interest rates and foreign exchange help financial managers through hedging? Briefly explain and give one example of each.

    Part 2: Presentation (10 Marks):

    Presentation Guidelines

    Each group will deliver a short presentation (up to 12 minutes) summarizing their report and key findings.

    • Four marks will be allocated for the overall quality, organization, and clarity of the presentation.
    • Three marks will be awarded based on each students ability to clearly explain their own section and respond to questions related to it.
    • Three marks will be awarded for each students understanding of the other sections prepared by group members, including the introduction and conclusion, demonstrated through answering related questions.

    Note: Slides (6-8) used during the presentation should be included as images at the end of the report.

    Answers

    • Answer-
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    • Answer-

  • M&A Case Study

    Project Overview

    In this group project, you will analyze a major real-world merger or acquisition involving publicly traded companies. Your task is to evaluate whether the deal made financial and strategic sense from the perspective of the acquiring companys shareholders.

    Your group will act as a team of financial analysts or investment bankers preparing a professional M&A case analysis. The goal is not simply to describe the transaction, but to evaluate whether the acquirer paid a reasonable price, whether the expected synergies were credible, and whether the transaction created or destroyed shareholder value.

    Each group must select one high-profile M&A transaction. Ideally, both the acquirer and the target should have been publicly traded companies at the time of the announcement, so that market prices, financial statements, and investor reaction can be analyzed. See

    Groups may propose another M&A deal, but it must be approved by the instructor. The selected deal should have enough publicly available information for financial analysis.

    Required Analysis

    Your final report and presentation should address the following sections.

    1. Deal Background

    Provide a brief overview of the acquirer, the target, and the industry context.

    Include:

    • Announcement date and completion date, if completed.
    • Deal value.
    • Type of transaction: merger, acquisition, tender offer, stock-for-stock merger, cash acquisition, etc.
    • Acquirer and target business models.
    • Industry conditions at the time of the deal.

    Key question:
    What was happening in the industry that made this deal attractive or necessary?

    1. Strategic Rationale

    Explain why the acquirer pursued the deal.

    Possible motives include:

    • Revenue growth.
    • Cost synergies.
    • Market expansion.
    • Diversification.
    • Vertical integration.
    • Access to technology, patents, customers, or distribution channels.
    • Defensive strategy against competitors.
    • Tax, financing, or capital structure considerations.

    Key question:
    Was the deal driven by sound strategic logic, or was it motivated by managerial overconfidence, empire building, or competitive pressure?

    1. Deal Structure and Payment Method

    Analyze how the deal was financed.

    Include:

    • Cash, stock, or mixed consideration.
    • Debt financing, if applicable.
    • Exchange ratio, if it was a stock deal.
    • Whether the payment method transferred risk between acquirer and target shareholders.
    • Impact on the acquirers leverage, ownership structure, and financial flexibility.

    Key question:
    Was the chosen payment method appropriate given the acquirers stock valuation, cash position, and risk profile?

    1. Acquisition Premium

    Estimate the acquisition premium paid to target shareholders.

    At minimum, calculate the premium relative to:

    • Target stock price one day before announcement.
    • Target stock price one week before announcement.
    • Target stock price one month before announcement.

    Acquisition Premium = (Offer Price Target Pre-Announcement Price)/ Target Pre-Announcement Price

    Interpret whether the premium was reasonable compared with the expected benefits of the transaction.

    Key question:
    Did the acquirer overpay, or was the premium justified by expected synergies and strategic value?

    1. Synergy Analysis

    Identify the major expected synergies from the deal.

    Separate them into:

    Type of Synergy

    Examples

    Cost Synergies

    Layoffs, supply chain savings, reduced overhead, shared technology

    Revenue Synergies

    Cross-selling, new customers, pricing power, expanded distribution

    Financial Synergies

    Lower cost of capital, tax benefits, stronger balance sheet

    Strategic Synergies

    Market power, platform expansion, control of key assets

    Discuss whether the announced synergy estimates were realistic.

    Key question:
    Were the synergies specific, measurable, and achievable, or were they vague and overly optimistic?

    1. Market Reaction

    Analyze how investors reacted to the deal announcement.

    At minimum, examine:

    • Acquirers stock price reaction around the announcement date.
    • Targets stock price reaction around the announcement date.
    • Combined market value effect, if possible.
    • Analyst or investor concerns at the time.

    Suggested event window:

    • One day before announcement.
    • Announcement day.
    • One day after announcement.
    • One week after announcement.

    Key question:
    Did the stock market believe the deal created value for the acquirer, the target, or both?

    1. Valuation Discussion

    You are not required to build a full investment banking valuation model, but your group should discuss whether the purchase price appears reasonable.

    Use available evidence such as:

    • Revenue multiple.
    • EBITDA multiple.
    • P/E ratio, if applicable.
    • Comparable company multiples.
    • Comparable transaction multiples.
    • Targets historical stock price.
    • Expected synergy value.

    Optional advanced analysis:

    • Estimate the present value of expected synergies.
    • Compare the synergy value with the acquisition premium.
    • Conduct a simple accretion/dilution analysis for EPS.

    Key question:
    Was the target worth the price paid?

    1. Risks and Challenges

    Discuss the major risks associated with the transaction.

    Possible risks include:

    • Integration risk.
    • Culture clash.
    • Regulatory or antitrust risk.
    • Litigation risk.
    • Debt burden.
    • Customer loss.
    • Technology disruption.
    • Overestimated synergies.
    • Poor timing in the business cycle.
    • ESG or reputational risk.

    Key question:
    What could go wrong after the deal closes?

    1. Post-Deal Performance

    Evaluate what happened after the transaction, if enough time has passed.

    Consider:

    • Did the acquirers stock outperform or underperform?
    • Were synergies achieved?
    • Did the acquirer later write down assets or goodwill?
    • Was the acquired business later sold, spun off, or restructured?
    • Did the transaction strengthen or weaken the acquirers competitive position?

    Key question:
    With hindsight, was this a successful acquisition?

    1. Final Recommendation

    Conclude with your groups professional judgment.

    Your recommendation should answer:

    • Should the acquirer have done this deal?
    • Was the price reasonable?
    • Were the synergies credible?
    • Did the deal create value for shareholders?
    • What should management have done differently?

    Use one of the following recommendation formats:

    • Approve the deal.
    • Approve the deal, but only at a lower price.
    • Reject the deal.
    • The strategic logic was sound, but execution failed.
    • The deal benefited target shareholders more than acquirer shareholders.

    Deliverables

    1. Written Report

    Length: 58 pages, excluding exhibits and references.

    Your report should include:

    • Executive summary.
    • Deal overview.
    • Strategic rationale.
    • Deal structure and payment method.
    • Premium and valuation analysis.
    • Synergy analysis.
    • Market reaction.
    • Risk analysis.
    • Final recommendation.
    • References and data sources.
    1. Presentation (TBD)

    Length: 8-10 minutes, followed by Q&A.

    Suggested slide structure:

    1. Deal overview.
    2. Industry background.
    3. Strategic rationale.
    4. Deal structure and payment method.
    5. Acquisition premium.
    6. Synergies.
    7. Market reaction.
    8. Risks and integration challenges.
    9. Post-deal performance.
    10. Final recommendation.

    Each group member must participate in the presentation.

    Data Sources

    • Company annual reports and 10-K filings.
    • Merger proxy statements.
    • Investor presentations.
    • Press releases.
    • SEC filings.
    • Yahoo Finance, Bloomberg, Capital IQ, Refinitiv, Morningstar, or similar sources.
    • Financial news sources such as The Wall Street Journal, Financial Times, Reuters, CNBC, or Bloomberg.
    • Analyst reports, if available.

    All sources must be cited properly.

    Notes:

    This project is not a company history report. It is a finance case analysis. Strong projects will use numbers, market data, and financial reasoning to support the conclusion. A good report should clearly answer the following central question: Did this M&A transaction create value for the acquiring companys shareholders, or did the acquirer overpay for strategic growth?


  • REFAL_FIN201

    Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Ministry of Education

    Saudi Electronic University

    College of Administrative and Financial Sciences

    Assignment 3

    Due Date:30/04/2026

    Course Name: Corporate Finance

    Course Code: FIN201

    CRN:

    Assignment Title: Capital Structure and Cost of Capital (Group Project Simulated Activity)

    Semester: Second

    Academic Year: 2026-27th

    Suggested Role Division

    Student Name

    Student ID

    Assigned Part

    Section Title

    Part A

    Part B

    Part C

    Part D

    For Instructors Use only

    Instructors Name:

    Assigned Part

    Individual Section Grade 8

    Group effort Grade 2

    Presentation Grade 10

    Total Grade 20

    Level of Marks

    Part A

    High/Middle/Low

    Part B

    High/Middle/Low

    Part C

    High/Middle/Low

    Part D

    High/Middle/Low

    Average Grade (Group Overall)

    High/Middle/Low

    Important Guidelines –Please read carefully

    General Instructions

  • Submit the assignment through Blackboard (Word format only) via the designated folder.
    Submissions via email or late submissions will not be accepted.
    Make sure your work is clear, wellstructured, and includes your complete details on the cover page.
    Plagiarism or use of AI-generated content will result in a grade of zero.
  • All answers must be typed in Times New Roman (size 12, doublespaced).

    • Activity: Practical Application of Corporate Finance

    In corporate finance, companies make key decisions about capital structure, cost of capital, and investment efficiency. These decisions affect how a firm manages risk and creates value for shareholders. In Saudi Arabia, corporate finance supports Vision 2030 by promoting sustainable growth and effective financial management. This group project helps students apply these concepts to real or hypothetical Saudi companies.
    Based on this context, prepare a report addressing the following parts:

    Exception: If a group consists of three members, Part D (Recommendations and Conclusion) may be omitted. The main conclusions should be briefly summarized in the final paragraph of the report. This adjustment will not affect grading, as the remaining sections cover all essential components of the project.

    Group Assignment Guidelines

    This is a group assignment consisting of four students per group. Each student is responsible for completing one of the four parts above. After all members finish their individual sections, the group must cooperate and integrate the content into a single cohesive report that includes an introduction, the four body sections, and a conclusion.
    Each student should ensure their part is unique, avoids duplication, and complements the contributions of their group members.

    Presentation Guidelines

    Each group will deliver a short presentation (up to 12 minutes) summarizing their report and key findings.

    Note: Slides used during the presentation should be included as images at the end of the report.

    Total: 10 marks for the written report + 10 marks for the presentation (20 marks overall).

  • Finance Question

    Please finish this in maximum 8 hours, bid in 8 hours to get the work.

    This is an assignment for the International Finance course. You are required to prepare both a Word report and a PowerPoint presentation. All instructions and details are provided in the file shared with you.

  • Small Business Financing

    Part B: What barriers do women founders face in accessing VC funding in the MENA region?

    Topic choose / Venture Capital and Female Entrepreneurship

    just answer QB

  • Finance Question

    Important Guidelines –Please read carefully

    General Instructions

  • Submit the assignment through Blackboard (Word format only) via the designated folder.
    Submissions via email or late submissions will not be accepted.
    Make sure your work is clear, wellstructured, and includes your complete details on the cover page.
    Plagiarism or use of AI-generated content will result in a grade of zero.
  • All answers must be typed in Times New Roman (size 12, doublespaced).

    • Assignment 3

    Total Marks: 20 (10 marks for Report + 10 marks for Presentation)

    Release: Week 9 Due: Week 11 Presentation: Week 13

    This activity is designed to help you apply the key principles of Portfolio Management in practical, research-based contexts. Each group will prepare a written report (10 marks) and a presentation (10 marks) on one of the approved topics below.

    Project Overview:

    Students will explore real-world applications of portfolio management by analyzing, comparing, and interpreting investment decisions and performance. Each group must select one topic from the list below (first-come, first-served basis) and post it in the Blackboard Discussion Board to reserve it.

    Approved Topics and Descriptions

    Every group must choose one topic from the list below and post it in the Blackboard Discussion Board to reserve it.

    (Only one group per topic will be allowed.)

    1. Strategic Asset Allocation and Portfolio Diversification

    Explore how investors allocate assets among different classes (equities, bonds, real estate, and alternatives) to achieve optimal diversification. The report should analyze riskreturn tradeoffs, correlation between assets, and long-term wealth maximization strategies.

    Focus: Risk management through asset mix and diversification efficiency.

    2. Active vs. Passive Portfolio Management: A Comparative Study

    Evaluate the performance, cost structure, and decision-making approaches of active and passive portfolio management. Use data from real or simulated portfolios to illustrate which approach provides better risk-adjusted returns under varying market conditions.

    Focus: Sharpe ratio, alpha generation, and benchmark comparison.

    3. Behavioral Finance and Its Impact on Investment Decisions

    Analyze how psychological biasessuch as overconfidence, herd behavior, and loss aversionaffect investor decisions and portfolio performance. Suggest behavioral correction mechanisms for rational investing.

    Focus: Investor psychology and decision-making biases in portfolio design.

    4. Risk Measurement and Portfolio Optimization Using Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT)

    Apply MPT concepts to build an efficient portfolio using quantitative tools such as expected returns, covariance, and efficient frontier analysis. The project should demonstrate how diversification minimizes unsystematic risk.

    Focus: Quantitative risk-return optimization and efficient frontier modeling.

    5. ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) Investing: Balancing Sustainability and Returns

    Examine the growing importance of ESG investing and its integration into modern portfolios. Discuss whether socially responsible investing compromises or enhances financial performance, supported by recent empirical data or case studies.

    Focus: Sustainable finance and ethical portfolio design.

    6. Global Portfolio Management and Currency Risk Hedging

    Investigate how international diversification affects portfolio performance and how investors hedge against currency and geopolitical risks. Include analysis of global indices and exchange rate volatility.

    Focus: Cross-border investment strategy and risk mitigation.

    Report Guidelines (10 Marks):

    Each group will submit a 2,0002,500-word report that includes:

    Mark Distribution:

    Presentation Guidelines (10 Marks):

    Each group will deliver a 1012 minute presentation summarizing their findings.

    Mark Distribution:

    Important Dates:

    Submission Instructions:

  • Principles of Finance

    General Instructions

  • Submit the assignment through Blackboard (Word format only) via the designated folder.
    Submissions via email or late submissions will not be accepted.
    Make sure your work is clear, wellstructured, and includes your complete details on the cover page.
    Plagiarism or use of AI-generated content will result in a grade of zero.
  • All answers must be typed in Times New Roman (size 12, doublespaced).

    • Activity: Practical Application

    In …
    Based on this context, prepare a report on the selected topic addressing the following parts:

    1.Part A: ..

    2.Part B: .

    3.Part C: ..

    4.Part D: .

    Exception: If a group consists of three members, Part D (Challenges and Implications) may be omitted. The main conclusions should be briefly summarized in the final paragraph of the report. This adjustment will not affect grading, as the remaining sections cover all essential components of the project.

    Group Assignment Guidelines

    This is a group assignment consisting of four students per group. Each student is responsible for completing one of the four parts above. After all members finish their individual sections, the group must cooperate and integrate the content into a single cohesive report that includes an introduction, the four body sections, and a conclusion.
    Each student should ensure their part is unique, avoids duplication, and complements the contributions of their group members.

    Presentation Guidelines

    Each group will deliver a short presentation (up to 12 minutes) summarizing their report and key findings.

    Four marks will be allocated for the overall quality, organization, and clarity of the presentation.

    Three marks will be awarded based on each students ability to clearly explain their own section and respond to questions related to it.

    Three marks will be awarded for each students understanding of the other sections prepared by group members, including the introduction and conclusion, demonstrated through answering related questions.

    Note: Slides used during the presentation should be included as images at the end of the report.

    Total: 10 marks for the written report + 10 marks for the presentation (20 marks overall).

    Project Report

    Introduction: (contributed by all group members)

    Part A:

    Part B: ..

    Part C: ..

    Part D: .

    Conclusion: (contributed by all group members)

    PPTs: Prepare Presentation according to template and Paste all the slides here as image form.