Category: Human rights

Mary Wollstonecraft makes a provocative argument that the corruption of society stems, in part, from the false dichotomies that are socially constructed and that divide men from women. More particularly, she argues that men are forced into a social category that is characterized by reason Women, she observed, are forced into a category that is characterized by feeling. In other words, men act with their heads and women act from their hearts. Not only is this untrue, Wollstonecraft contends, but it contributes to a particularly virulent form of patriarchy that keeps women from realizing the full complement of their rights, and harms both men and women by keeping them from the fullness of their humanity. In a 2-4 page , briefly assess this argument. Are the divides that Wollstonecraft identifies in nineteenth century Europe still in evidence today? Either way, discuss and analyze the degree to which women’s rights have evolved and expanded since Wollstonecraft’s era, as well as the ways in which women are still denied access to full equality with men.

Choose a case related to human rights and the environment that you find compelling and would like to explore further. A list of approved topics is provided below. You can choose any 1 of these topics. They are organized by course theme to help you choose a topic that most interests you. You can choose your own topic if you wish, but please refer to the provided topic list to ensure your chosen topic meets the criteria. Your case study should focus on a specific environmental issue (e.g., water contamination, deforestation, climate change-induced displacement) in a specific geographic location (i.e., country or region) (e.g., Ghana, Uganda, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Tuvalu, Canada, USA) rather than a broad discussion of global environmental challenges.

In your report, you will need to provide background information on the specific environmental issue (e.g., desertification, habitat destruction, pollution, rising sea levels), the case study location, and how the situation has impacted human rights in that location. You are expected to make connections between your case study and the concepts discussed in this course (e.g., environmental justice, sustainability, resilience, policy responses, and social equity).

Individually, you are to prepare and submit a 1500-word report focusing on your chosen topic. I prefer a report format (i.e., with sections, each with an obvious section heading) in order to cut down on padding. If you insist on adopting an essay format (i.e., with an introduction and conclusion, and better flow between sections, or perhaps even no section headings at all), this is certainly acceptable; however, for this option, you should aim for 2000 words. A minimum of 8 references is required, with a minimum of 6 of these sources being academic, peer-reviewed sources. APA format is required for all references and citations (e.g. Smith, 2012). Graphics, tables and figures are encouraged, but do not contribute to the overall word count. The reports are due Day 3 of Week 12, 11:59pm to the MyLS dropbox. Late submissions penalized 5% per day including weekends to a maximum of 7 days. After 7 days a mark of zero will be given.

General Requirements:

• 11-point (Calibri) font, single space, 1 margins, approximately 1500 words in length (not including title page or works cited).
• Must have enough sources to adequately address the chosen topic
• Sources can be a mix of academic and good quality government/non-government sources. Of these 8 sources, 6 must be peer reviewed sources (e.g., journal articles).
• Grammar, spelling and style are important elements of this assignment.
• Use APA v.7 for all citations and the works cited.
• Use full sentences and paragraphs and paraphrase (no long direct quotes).

I suggest the following format for laying out the report. This is a suggestion, so feel free to stray from this format.

Final Project Report: 3 sections

1. Introduction:
2. Introduce a specific environmental problem that impacts human rights in your chosen area and explain why it is important.
3. Identify your case study. Your case study must be tied to a particular place (e.g., climate migration in Ghana).
4. Case study:
5. Provide an overview of your case study including the location and background information. Provide a map with the location of your study.
6. Keeping in mind that you need to address both the environmental concerns and the impacts these have on human rights, describe and evaluate your case study. What are the key concerns? Why have these issues arisen? Who is responsible and who/what is impacted? What could be/has been undertaken to resolve the issue?
7. Describe your case study relative to the global context. Please explain how your case study is an example of a broader problem or set of circumstances in that part of the world or globally.
8. Concluding thoughts:
9. Looking beyond your case study, what insights could be useful for other places/areas experiencing a similar problem? Any other concluding thoughts.

Fully addresses sections A-B-C20%Citations and works cited5%Grammar, style, spelling5%Total30%

Written Research Report Topics (please only choose one, e.g., 1b).

1. Indigenous and Land Rights

How do environmental threats and development projects violate Indigenous peoples’ rights to land, culture, and self-determination?

1. Deforestation and Indigenous Land Rights in the Amazon (Brazil)
2. Examine the impact of illegal logging and government policies on Indigenous communities rights to land, culture, and self-determination.
3. Climate Change and Pastoralist Displacement in Ethiopia
4. Assess how desertification and climate shocks affect the right to livelihood and food for pastoral communities.
5. Pipeline Development and the Rights of Wetsuweten Nation in Canada
6. Examine how fossil fuel infrastructure intersects with Indigenous sovereignty and environmental justice.
7. Climate Change and Drought in Kenyas Turkana Region
8. Investigate the impact on food security, water access, and Indigenous rights.
9. Hydropower Development and Indigenous Rights in the Amazon (Peru)
10. Examine how dam projects displace Indigenous populations and affect ecological and cultural rights.
11. Desertification and Pastoralist Livelihoods in the Sahel (Mali/Niger)
12. Assess how land degradation undermines the right to food, culture, and self-determination among nomadic herders.
13. Palm Oil Plantations and Indigenous Land Rights in Indonesia
14. Explore how deforestation for palm oil production impacts the land, culture, and environmental rights of Indigenous groups.

2. Climate Change and Displacement

How does climate change lead to displacement and threaten rights to life, housing, and self-determination?

1. Climate-Induced Displacement in Tuvalu
2. Explore how rising sea levels threaten the right to self-determination, housing, and life in the Pacific Island nation of Tuvalu.
3. Rising Seas and the Right to Housing in Bangladesh
4. Assess climate migration, floods, and the threat to housing and livelihood rights in coastal Bangladesh.
5. Cyclone Idai and Post-Disaster Human Rights in Mozambique
6. Explore how extreme weather events linked to climate change affect the right to life, housing, health, and disaster response equity.
7. Wildfires and Environmental Injustice in California (USA)
8. Investigate how recurring wildfires disproportionately affect low-income, elderly, and undocumented communities in terms of housing, health, and access to services.

3. Water Rights and Pollution

How do water contamination, scarcity, or mismanagement violate the right to health, water, and a clean environment?

1. Water Insecurity and Indigenous Rights in Canada
2. Investigate how contaminated water on Indigenous reserves violates the right to health and a healthy environment.
3. Oil Pollution and Human Rights in Ogoniland, Nigeria
4. Study Shells oil operations and the violation of the right to health, clean water, and a sustainable environment in the Niger Delta.
5. The Right to Water in Flint, Michigan (USA)
6. Assess how policy failures in water safety disproportionately affected low-income and Black residents right to health and clean water.
7. Plastic Pollution and Coastal Community Rights in the Philippines
8. Analyze how plastic waste affects fishing communities right to livelihood, health, and a clean environment.
9. Glacial Retreat and Water Rights in the Andes (Peru/Bolivia)
10. Examine how melting glaciers threaten freshwater supplies for downstream communities, impacting the right to water, food, and livelihood.
11. Sand Mining and River Ecosystem Destruction in India (Tamil Nadu)
12. Explore how illegal sand mining damages river systems and undermines the rights to water, health, and environmental protection for local villagers and farmers.

4. Environmental Racism and Social Inequity

How are low-income and racialized communities disproportionately burdened by environmental harm and excluded from decision-making?

1. Environmental Racism in Cancer Alley, Louisiana (USA)
2. Analyze the disproportionate siting of petrochemical plants in Black communities and its impact on the right to health and life.
3. Land Grabs and Food Security in Tanzania
4. Investigate how foreign agricultural investments impact the right to land, food, and self-determination for rural communities.
5. Coal Mining and Environmental Degradation in Appalachia (USA)
6. Analyze mountaintop removal minings impact on the right to health, housing, and a clean environment.
7. Gold Mining and Water Contamination in Papua New Guinea
8. Explore the environmental and human rights consequences of extractive industries on local communities.
9. Deep-Sea Mining and Pacific Island Communities Rights
10. Analyze proposed seabed mining projects potential impacts on marine ecosystems, food security, and the cultural and self-determination rights of small island states.

5. Right to Food, Agriculture & Rural Livelihoods

How does environmental degradation and unsustainable agriculture impact the right to food, work, and health?

1. Toxic Waste Dumping in Cte dIvoire (Probo Koala Boat Case)
2. Explore the dumping of hazardous waste in Abidjan and the resulting violation of environmental and health rights.
3. Air Pollution and the Right to Health in Delhi, India
4. Explore how smog and industrial pollution infringe on the right to a healthy environment in one of the worlds most polluted cities.
5. E-Waste Dumping in Ghana (Agbogbloshie)
6. Explore how the import of hazardous electronic waste affects the health and environmental rights of informal workers.
7. Heatwaves and Social Inequality in Europe
8. Assess how extreme weather disproportionately affects elderly and low-income populations.
9. Pesticide Use and Agricultural Workers Rights in Argentina
10. Investigate how extensive agrochemical spraying in the Pampas region affects the health, housing, and work rights of farm laborers.

6. Ecosystem and Biodiversity Protection

How do environmental harms to ecosystems violate human and intergenerational rights?

1. Climate-Related Flooding in Jakarta, Indonesia
2. Study how poor urban planning and rising sea levels impact housing, health, and access to services.
3. Uranium Mining and Radiation Exposure in Kazakhstan
4. Explore the legacy of Soviet-era uranium extraction on local communities right to health, a safe environment, and remediation access (this can also be focused on Northern Canada).
5. Climate Change and Coral Reef Degradation in the Great Barrier Reef (Australia)
6. Analyze how ocean acidification and warming threaten ecosystems and the livelihoods of coastal and Indigenous communities relying on marine biodiversity.

Barreto, “iS Se Puede! Latino Candidates and the Mobilization of Latino Voters” Fraga & Garca, et al., “Su Casa Es Nuestra Casa: Latino Politics Research and the Development of American Political Science” These short reflection papers are critical response papers, not summaries. Assume that your reader is familiar with the readings. You are to provide a critical analysis of the issues, events, and topics discussed by the authors by answering the questions below. using the attachments Explain the general significance of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and the 1970 & 1975 Amendments for Mexican Americans/Latinas/os and other minority groups. What does Garca argue about Mexican American representation in the Southwest and what has been the biggest impact of the VRA on voting and representation among Mexican Americans? What does Barreto argue about the role of ethnicity and/or race in Latino voting, voting patterns, representation, and empowerment. Compare and contrast Barreto’s and Garcia’s interpretation of the role of ethnicity and ethnic identity in voting. What are the main differences in how they approach the topics of voting, representation, and political behavior and how do they align with each other? What evidence does each author use to support their arguments? Provide your own thoughts and insights about what you learned about the topics, issues, and events presented by these scholars.

In this paper, you will describe/discuss the following with respect to International Human Trafficking, specifically the sex trade aspect:

a) 6 of the main international Intergovernmental Organizations and Non-Governmental Organizations that are concerned with the topic (listed above) and how they are dealing with it generally; and

b) the international laws and norms related to the issue.

PLEASE STRICTLY ADHERE TO THE FOLLOWING STRUCTURE/FORMAT FOR THIS ASSIGNMENT:

Structure

Name

Course

Assignment

Date

Subject: Organizations, laws and norms concerned with (insert name of your topic)

(No introduction necessary)

1. Organizations

Name of organization as a heading

For each organization you must include (you can use these as subheadings)

• when formed,
• general purpose/mission,
• role in relation to your topic,
• the kind of activities that it carries out to address your topic,
• any major successes or failures.

Repeat for each of your six organizations

1. Laws and norms

Name of treaty, conventions, covenant, norm, regulation or guideline (make sure you have a heading for each law/norm)

For each norm or law include (you can use these as sub-headings)

• when created,
• when ratified if a treaty,
• number of countries that have ratified the treaty,
• general purpose and scope of law/norm,
• specific provisions relevant to your topic,
• significance and implications for your topic,

Repeat for each law or norm that you cover

(No conclusion necessary)

END PAPER!

OTHER GUIDANCE:

You need to include 6 organizations overall (ideally 3 NGO’s and 3 IGO’s). You must use international IGOs and NGOs working internationally. Do not use US departments or government agencies.

You should identify a minimum of 4 and a maximum of 5 laws and norms. You should give priority to fully describing the laws and norms that are most relevant to your topic.

The paper will comply with APA format i.e., in-text citations and reference page. Generally, you should use a separate source for each organization and each law, and the organizations own website should be used.

I’ve uploaded two documents with IGO’s, NGO’s, laws, and norms to assist you, but you may need to look elsewhere for additional organizations, laws, and norms. Please upload an AI and plagiarism report when submitting the assignment, my professor utilizes turnitin.com.

Please contact me if you have any questions or require additional guidance.

Produce a literature review on the topic the universality of human rights protection

in international law.

There are two sections for this assessment the bibliography section and the essay

section.

In the bibliography section, students must review the English language literature on the

topic. This will involve searching for academic journals, monographs, edited collections etc. Students should keep an accurate record of all the sources that they read and compile a comprehensive bibliography on the topic based on those sources. There is no word limit for the bibliography section, but it must be a properly referenced bibliography consistent with the OSCOLA referencing style. The bibliography should include at least 30 sources.

The essay section is limited to 3,000 words. The objective of the essay is for students to

identify the most important and influential literature on this subject, whether that be academic journal articles, monographs, book chapters etc. Students should aim to identify between 5-10 sources. Students must provide an informative discussion of the sources, which includes a short introduction and one or two concluding summary paragraphs. The introduction should briefly describe the topic and the current state of scholarly literature surrounding it. It should also explain how the essay is structured and the reasons for it. Rather than listing and describing the sources, students should evaluate the contribution that each source makes to the body of literature and provide a justification for the inclusion of each source.

following the work I hired you to conduct for me in December.Some issues have been detected that need to be updated and corrected as seen in the comments below and instructions:

DELAYED

Submit your comments to the Reviewer(s) and re-submit a new version of your manuscript. Manuscript quality indicators are available to all participants in the tab to facilitate the peer review process.

You are late to respond to Reviewer 1 and/or resubmit a new version of your manuscript.

EVALUATION

Q 1

Please list your revision requests for the authors and provide your detailed comments, including highlighting limitations and strengths of the study and evaluating the validity of the evidence. If you have additional comments based on Q2 and Q3 you can add them as well.

Reviewer 1 | 27 Dec 2025 | 14:11

#1

The strength of this research is evident in its compelling title, which links “Recognition and Omission” in environmental protection within the framework of environmental policy in the Congo. As we know, environmental conflicts in Africa are often overlooked, so this research will serve as an example for the continued development of environmental regulations that support human rights and the rights of nature, both animals and plants. It is a reminder that the current state of the earth is unfavorable, so research like this must continue to be developed and disseminated.

A limitation of this research is that the author also needs to refine the analysis specifically, such as adding the concept of environmental justice theory to the discussion related to the implementation of environmental policy. This should then be linked to the most relevant policy theory for application in this situation. It must be understood that the key to successful environmental policy is the principle of justice, where all parties benefit equally. If the implemented policy results only benefit one party, such as the government, the regulation is irrelevant because the end result is unfair. Therefore, it is necessary to emphasize the crucial role of policymakers in government: they must be people with sincere morals and fairness so they can carry out their duties according to their functions and capacities. Upholding justice is a key component in developing sustainable regulations for a better environmental future.

This research also makes recommendations, such as adding necessary evaluation and monitoring to the ongoing environmental policy process. This process should be monitored by a dedicated, independent team, not affiliated with the government, to ensure neutrality in two-way communication, which can act as a bridge to resolving conflicts. It is also hoped that other authors, interested in this Environmental Policy Study, will follow up in the future to provide further guidance in implementing appropriate environmental policies.

Guest Associate Editor: Peter Larsen | 11 Feb 2026 | 19:51

#2

Dear Reviewer, many thanks for these thoughtful comments. I look forward to the author perspective. The only limitation is one of space making it somewhat difficult to add further theoretical ideas as it is an opinion piece. many thanks. best, Peter Larsen

Q 2

Check List

Reviewer 1 | 27 Dec 2025 | 14:11

#1

a. Is the quality of the figures and tables satisfactory?

Yes

b. Does the manuscript provide an appropriate context for a non-technical audience?

Yes

c. Does the manuscript use language that can be understood by a non-technical audience?

Yes

d. Are the actionable recommendations provided based on the evidence?

Yes

e. Are the actionable recommendations provided reasonable and feasible?

Yes

f. Are there any ethical issues with the recommendations provided?

No

Course Project Stage 1: Discovering Connections (60 points)

The purpose of this two-stage project is for you to compare cultural productions in the Humanities from three different cultures using terminology and interpretative processes from a specific humanities field.

You will select one field in the Humanities to focus on and discuss three different examples from this field from three different cultures.

During Stage 1, you will find three examples of work in the Humanities, find connections between them, and identify course resources that can help you talk about them.

During Stage 2, you will write a paper comparing and analyzing your examples using terminology and methods from the course resources.

Instructions for Stage 1

Step 1: Find your examples

Do some research outside of the course materials and find three specific examples from one of the fields below that have something in common. Your examples should come from three different cultures.

• philosophy
• religions
• literary arts
• visual arts
• music
• dance
• theater
• drama

For example, you could choose three different paintings, one Chinese, one American, and one from Italy. You could choose three specific dances, one from Latin American culture, one from African American culture and one from Hungarian culture. You could choose three poems about birds, one from a Pacific Islander author, one from an American author and one from a Middle Eastern author. The key is to find unique works and make sure they have something in common.

Important notes:

Make sure to provide clear examples to avoid being too general in your analysis. For instance, if you’re discussing three types of dances or music, pick specific videos from YouTube for each. For example, if you want to discuss Sean Nos music from Ireland, Carnatic singing from India, and Twoubadou music from Haiti, choose a particular song or video for each.

If you pick visual art you may NOT pick any of the following pieces:

• “The Great Wave of Kanagawa” by Hokusai
• “The Last Supper” by Davinci
• “Starry Night” by Van Gogh
• “Guernica” by Picasso
• “The Birth of Venus” by Boticelli

If you pick religion, don’t talk about the religion in general. Instead, choose one specific aspect like ritual, architecture, scripture, or iconography that you will discuss in the three different religions and make sure to have a specific example of the ritual, scripture etc. from each.

If you pick literature, do not pick three novels to analyze as their length is not appropriate for how short this assignment is. You will need to choose short stories or poems. Novels, or pieces of literature longer than about 30 pages, are not permitted.

Avoid having all your examples be from Western countries like the EU nations, US, Canada, UK, Norway, Iceland, Switzerland, Australia, and New Zealand. Look also for examples from:

• African cultures (e.g. mainland African cultures and African diasporic cultures like Afro-Caribbean)
• Indigenous cultures (e.g. Native American, Inuit, and Aboriginal)
• Latin America cultures (e.g. Mexican, Argentinian, and Peruvian)
• South Asian cultures (e.g. Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Nepali, and Sri Lankan)
• Pacific Islander cultures (e.g. Native Hawaiian, Polynesian, Samoan, and Tahitian)

Keep in mind, too, that “culture” is not necessarily synonymous with “geographical location.”

Step 2: Describe your examples

Describe each of your three examples briefly in 2-4 sentences each. Make sure to include the following information in your description of each:

• The culture and time period for the example (for example, 20th Century Nigeria, 19th Century African American, Chinese Ming Dynasty, the 1600s)
• The title of the example, if there is one.
• The author, artist or creator of the example and the dates this person lived (1920-1980, for example)
• A citation in MLA format, including an image of the example, either as a link out or as an image in the paper.

Step 3: Discover the connections

In about 3-5 sentences, explain at least one specific element or aspect that you think your three examples have in common. No additional research is needed here. Use your ideas. You can ask yourself, for instance:

• Are they all from the same time period?
• Do they have a common theme like war, motherhood, peace etc.?
• Do they all use the same palette of warm colors?
• Do they all tell a similar story?
• Do they all have the same kind of protagonist?
• Do they all use similar metaphoric imagery?
• Do they all have the same function, as in a ritual?
• Do they all address ethics? or metaphysics? or epistemology?
• Do they all depict the same kind of image, like of nature? of people? Of buildings?

Special note for the field of religions: Focus on making connections between a specific ritual, type of prayer, scripture, house of worship, sacred myth etc. from each of three different religions.

Step 4: Identify course resource(s)

Identify at least one to two resources from the course materials you could use information from to talk about your examples. In about 2-4 sentences, briefly state why you think this resource (s) will be useful. If your examples are from any performing arts (music, dance, theater, drama), please look ahead to weeks 5-7.

At this point, you dont have to know exactly what you will use from the resource(s), but you should have an idea of what resource(s) will be useful. Again, there is no need to do outside research. Please rely on the materials in the online classroom.

Step 5: Citations

Include citations for your examples and the course resource(s) you identify either in the section where you list them or at the end of your assignment. Please make sure your citations are in MLA format.

Note: Please try to adhere to the sentence suggestions for each section. This is a proposal and should not exceed two pages in 12 point font, double-spaced.

After reading Immigration Law and the U. S. -Mexico Border: S Se Puede? By Kevn R. Johnson and Bernard Trujillo, write an analytical essay following the guidelines below.citation from book. 1. Introduction: Introduce your book by giving the proper citation Example: McReynolds, Edwin C. Oklahoma: A History of the Sooner State (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press), 1977. Identify the authors and state who they are and describe their background? Look at the preface, foreword or the internet websites (be sure the internet information is current and accurate) tell you about the author’s purpose, educational background, academic discipline, career experience, and other works. II. Overview. Provide a brief summary of the book. What is this book about, i.e., main topics/issues and why did Johnson and Trujillo write this book? What are Johnson and Trujillo’s main arguments about the historical patterns of immigration from Mexico and the immigrant experience in the U.S. Discuss and analyze the role of the federal government and federal immigration policies on so-called “illegal” immigration, and the process of obtaining legal status, residency and citizenship. What are the underlying reasons and purpose of immigration laws passed historically and in recent years. Give examples Analyze the impact of immigration from Mexico on the United States and why immigration from Mexico is so controversial based on the evidence provided by Johnson and Trujillo. Give examples. Describe the sources Johnson and Trujillo used to support their arguments about immigration law and immigration from Mexico and the so-called “crisis” at the U.S.- Mexico Border. List three examples of primary sources and three examples of secondary sources. This information is found in the footnotes, endnotes or bibliography at the end of the book. A. A primary source is an account of events at the time they occurred. Examples of primary sources include but are not limited to: newspaper articles, contemporary studies, government reports, diaries, letters, manuscript collections, oral interviews and personal testimonies. B. A secondary source is a journal article, book or independent research reports based on based on primary sources such as the book you are reading. III. Evaluate the book. Here is where your own thoughts, ideas and comments about topics issues, and events presented should be outlined What is the author’s most important points about immigration laws and their impact on immigration from Mexico and immigrants, regardless of legal status. Provide examples of how the author illustrates these points? Analyze the immigration policies and practices of immigration officials, especially enforcement practices, to address the so-called “border crisis” and their impact on Mexican origin people and other Latino communities in the United States. Are any of these policies and practice justified. If so, why. If not, why? Support you answer with evidence from the book. Explain the connection between immigration laws and labor and national security in the United States. Provide examples. How have Mexican Americans and other Latinos responded to discriminatory immigration laws and the strategies they used to challenge the immigration system? Support your answer with evidence from the book. Analyze whether or not you believe the current administration’s approach to immigration, deportation and enforcement practices, and characterization of Mexicans, Latinos from Latin America and immigrants from other countries are justified. If yes, why? If no, why? Support your answer with evidence from the book. If you were the Secretary of Homeland Security and asked to provide an immigration law that was fair, moral and got at the root of the causes of immigration to the U.S.. what would you propose to resolve some of the issues associated with immigration and migration to the U.S. IV. Conclusion. Comment on what you learned from this book, including if and how you related to any topics, issues, and events discussed in the book or have personal experiences. Indicate what you liked about the book, what critiques you have, and whether or not you would recommend this book to someone else. Note on academic integrity: Using verbatim language from the readings even if you cite it is

Short reflection paper, not summaries. MLA citation style end of the sentence. from the article attached answer the following questions Questions 1. What is the connection between mass immigration and mass incarceration among young males from 1970-2005? What does Rumbaut show about crime rates, incarceration rates and immigration rates during this same period? Provide 3 examples. 2. What are the underlying reasons for the higher incarceration rates of young black and Latino males between the ages 18-39? What does Rumbaut show about the crime and incarceration rates among immigrants from Latin America and other countries? What do you think accounts for the differential crime and incarceration rates between foreign- born (immigrant) and native-born men. Provide 3 examples from the reading. 3. In their article, what do Abrego and her co-authors mean by the terms “legal violence” and “criminal alien” and how do these apply to and affect undocumented immigrants? 4. What does is the definition of “crimmigration” and how did legal practices and processes work to systematically institutionalize the notion that all immigrants are so- called criminals? How has this affected the daily lives of immigrants in the U.S.? 5. What do these studies say about Americans’ view of immigrants, especially undocumented immigrants? What role does the media’ rhetoric play in the view of immigrants as a threat to Americans and American society? How would you use these studies to engage in a civil debate about immigrants, crime rates and incarceration rates with friends, class mates, fellow students or family members?

You do have discretion on focusing on which theme, era, people, or movement you explore.

Using scholarly sources is a part of your research.

Paper can be thesis-driven or more expository. You have discretion as long as contents are relevant. As the syllabus provided, 10 pages with proper format are required for full credit. No upper limit.

Kindly catchup on missing reflection papers, if any. This paper will be about same sex adoption in the human rights aspect.