Integrate the graphics within the paper

Assessment Criteria Analytical element & critique How well do you adhere to academic writing: structure, presentation of argument, logical sequence Citations & Referencing – APA Style Marks will be deducted for plagiarism, Al & Wikipedia Marks will be deducted for late submission

the essay question must be answered using the new trade theory model from this book Krugman, P., Obstfeld, M. and Melitz, M., International Economics: Theory and Policy 9th edition, and from my lecture notes which i will supply aslo the book is uploaded. First you need ton explain the setting, countries sectors and factors, then the assumptions of this theory then you should do graphical analysis like the graphs from the book or lecture notes but you must do them no copying it, then support the graphs with the equations. Finally you should briefly provide real world examples from articles research to support you argument or counter argument.

This assignment is worth 15% of your grade. What does the assignment involve? (1) Theory engagement, 600-650 words. In this part of the assignment, you will: (A) build upon the research inquiry you had proposed in your research proposal and refine it with sharper focus and precision; (B) build a map of theories or explanations that existing research/scholarship has provided for your research inquiry. In short, traditionally, this is what is often referred to as literature review. You are also expected to propose a theory or explanatory framework that you are planning to use or advance to answer your research inquiry, and justify your choice. Remember: literature review is NOT about being comprehensive. Rather, it is a careful and deliberate review. In that respect, you have to be selective. (2) Methods discussion, 600-650 words. In this part of the assignment, you will build upon what you had proposed in your research proposal, and discuss your intended methodological plan to carry out your research. Namely, analytical approach, specific methods, systematic rules to go from concepts to variables to measurements to data, and so on. When relevant, you will also name your specific cases and justify your choice(s). Examples of methodology: case study (comparative or otherwise) historiography (different versions) in-depth qualitative examination large-N quantitative analysis experimental design Examples of methods interviews (observations, focus groups etc.) content analysis (primary or secondary sources) critical examination of primary source documents discourse analysis / process tracing statistical analysis (descriptive statistics, cross-tabulations, regression modeling, etc.) In your discussion you need to mention the following: What is your methodology? Why is it appropriate? What will your method(s) be? Why are they appropriate? What are your sources of data (qualitative, quantitative or otherwise)? Will you be working with primary or secondary sources (both)? Why? Policies and rules What about the bibliography? You need to provide a list of sources at the end. But you do not need to provide any annotations for your sources. However, you should be careful to cite sources correctly. Where do I submit the assignment? You will submit the assignment via iLearn. What about late assignments? Late assignments will not be accepted. What about plagiarism? Your work will be checked in Safe Assign each time. If you are flagged by Safe Assign, or I feel that your work might not be your own, I will give you the opportunity to discuss the matter with me personally. If it is verified that you have plagiarized, you will penalized. How will the assignment be graded? Category Points Theory: Quality/Applicability and of theories, concepts, and cases 15 Theory: Potential contribution to scholarly knowledge 5 Methods/Methodology: Selection and explanation of appropriate Methods/Methodology 15 Methods/Methodology: Explanation of usage of primary/secondary data 5 Style: Sentence structure. Paraphrasing, using your own words 2.5 Writing Mechanics (spelling, grammar, formatting) 2.5 Citations 2.5 Bibliography 2.5 Total 50

Case Study Brief EU ETS (Global Political Economy)

Title

Market Mechanism or State Control? A Political Economy Analysis of the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS)

Research Question

To what extent does the EU ETS reflect neoliberal market governance versus increased regulatory state intervention in climate policy?

Case Study Purpose (Course Requirement)

This is an individual case study in Global Political Economy (10 marks).

The assignment requires selecting a period of economic development within a specific country or region and analyzing the competing political and economic dynamics that shaped this development, including its implications and contradictory legacies.

The EU ETS case study should therefore be treated as:

• A regional case (European Union)
• A contemporary period of economic governance and development (2005present)

Main Objective

Analyze how the EU ETS evolved historically and politically from 2005 to the present.

The paper must demonstrate strong historical and theoretical familiarity with relevant Global Political Economy literature and critically evaluate whether the system reflects:

• neoliberal market governance, or
• increased regulatory state intervention.

The study must be analytical, theoretical, and comparative not purely descriptive.

What the Case Study Must Include

Historical Period & Background (Concise)

• Launch of the EU ETS in 2005
• Early oversupply problem
• Key reforms (backloading, Market Stability Reserve MSR)
• EUA price evolution and major crises (COVID, energy shock)

Keep historical narrative brief; focus on underlying dynamics.

Competing Explanations (Core Requirement)

The essay must critically assess at least two different theoretical explanations:

Liberal / Market-Based Explanation :

• Carbon trading as a market-driven solution
• Price signals shaping firm behavior
• Efficiency through incentives and competition

Critical / State-Centric Explanation:

• Strong EU institutional intervention
• Policy reforms shaping outcomes
• Carbon pricing as political-economic governance

The paper must compare these perspectives explicitly and critically.

Global Political Economy Framework

The analysis should clearly connect to:

• State vs market power
• Global governance and regulation
• Political control over economic systems
• Historical dynamics of economic development

Implications & Contradictory Legacies (Course Requirement)

Evaluate:

• Effectiveness in reducing emissions
• Market volatility and policy dependence
• Economic and political consequences of carbon markets

Sources & Literature Expectations

• Use a variety of academic sources (books, journal articles, policy papers).
• Demonstrate familiarity with relevant historical and theoretical debates in Global Political Economy.
• Show critical engagement with literature, not just summary.

Writing Style Expectations

• Analytical and critical tone
• Strong theoretical grounding
• Continuous comparison between explanations
• Clear integration of politics and economics throughout the analysis.

Recommended Analytical Structure

1- Introduction

• Provide a brief explanation of the EU ETS.
• Clearly state the research question.
• Explain that the paper will compare two perspectives: the liberal market-based view and the state-centric/critical political economy view.

2-Historical Background (Concise)

• Launch of the EU ETS in 2005.
• Early oversupply problem.
• Key reforms and policy changes.
• EUA price evolution and major crises.

Keep this section brief it should provide context, not a long narrative.

3- Liberal / Market-Based Perspective

• Carbon trading as a market mechanism.
• Incentives and price signals influencing firms.
• Efficiency through competition and trading.
• Link the analysis to relevant GPE theories.

4- State-Centric / Critical Perspective

• Strong EU institutional intervention.
• Policy reforms such as MSR and cap tightening.
• Governance and regulatory power shaping the market.

5-Discussion (Most Important Section)

• Critically compare the two perspectives.
• Discuss whether the carbon market is truly market-driven.
• Evaluate the extent of political and regulatory control over price formation and outcomes.

6- Conclusion

• Avoid presenting one side as completely right or wrong.
• Conclude that the EU ETS reflects a hybrid system combining market mechanisms and regulatory governance.

the essay question must be answered using the new trade theory model from this book Krugman, P., Obstfeld, M. and Melitz, M., International Economics: Theory and Policy 9th edition, and from my lecture notes which i will supply aslo the book is uploaded. First you need ton explain the setting, countries sectors and factors, then the assumptions of this theory then you should do graphical analysis like the graphs from the book or lecture notes but you must do them no copying it, then support the graphs with the equations. Finally you should briefly provide real world examples from articles research to support you argument or counter argument.

the instructions are in the attached file.

i have attached an image of the required text to do the assignment

PLEASE STICK CLOSELY TO THE INSTRUCTIONS

I have written this paper but I just need someone to rewrite it to sound more scholarly. Feel free to keep and comments that already sound intelligible.

Instruction for Revision of Table 3 Marshall Islands UN System Mapping Exercise From the current draft, please focus specifically on revising and strengthening Table 3 only. This table should be significantly expanded and refined to provide a clearer, system-wide overview of UN engagement in the Republic of the Marshall Islands. 1. Identification of Engagements (Important) Carefully identify and extract all engagements from each UN institution related to the Marshall Islands. The number of engagements per institution must be clearly calculated and also add more information from the institution coded in RED-coded colour those institutions engagement were not included in the draft yet , please find them. Ensure engagements are drawn strictly from publicly available and verifiable sources. 2. Expand and Strengthen Table Structure Please add the following columns: UN Agency / Entity Number of Engagements Title of Engagement / Output Type of Engagement (programme, research report, dataset, policy support, technical assistance, capacity building, dashboard, etc.) Detailed Description of Engagement (what it specifically involved) Duration (Start Year End Year, or Ongoing) Budget (amount, currency, timeframe) Funding Source (core funding, donor government, multi-partner trust fund, etc.) SDG Target (main SDG targets only, e.g., 13, 3 do NOT include sub-indicators) Role of the UN Entity (implementation, coordination, research, funding, technical support, etc.) Link / Source Reference 3. Budget and Funding Information Please include as much detail as publicly available, including: Total budget Currency Funding period Donor(s) or funding mechanism If no budget information is publicly available, clearly mark as Not publicly available. 4. SDG Alignment Include only main SDG targets (e.g., 4, 13, 3). Do not include sub-indicators (e.g., 4.1.1, 13.1.2). 5. Format Requirement If possible, please prepare the revised Table 3 in Excel format, as this will allow better sorting, filtering, and consolidation. Microsoft Word should only be used if Excel is not feasible. 6. Methodological Note (AI Use) The use of AI-assisted tools is allowed to help scan, organize, and clean large volumes of publicly available information. However: All AI-supported outputs must be carefully reviewed manually. All information must be verified against original sources. Ensure accuracy and avoid any fabricated or hallucinated content. Clear referencing is required. Sound judgment, careful validation, and source transparency are essential.

Hello everyone, Attached below is the final assignment for the course. It addresses the reasons behind the surprise attack of October 7, which led to the Iron Swords war. You are required to refer to all the assigned readings and write an essay that engages with the central arguments of the authors regarding the causes of the war. The intention is not for you to submit a document divided into four separate summaries of each article. Rather, you should synthesize them, or at least create a connecting thread between the different texts. Any use of insights from the lectures themselves (for example, references to levels of analysis, perceptual biases, or the last two sessions on strategic surprise) will be welcomed. You may rely, to a limited extent, on additional sources, including media reportsboth those already published and any new revelations that may emerge before the submission deadline. However, the core of your paper should be based on the assigned materials. Please be cautious of sources or arguments generated by artificial intelligence, as such programs sometimes fabricate information. The assignment must be at least 2,500 words (3,000 words if submitted in English or Arabic). Use 1.5 line spacing in your preferred font. The paper must be submitted as a Word document (not PDF). Submission is via Moodle within one month of the last class session, i.e., by February 23. Please use proper citations, especially when using direct quotations or anything placed in quotation marks that is not your own idea or statement. You may, of course, add a personal perspective at the end of the paper. Be sure to write in a structured and clear manner, using precise formulations and avoiding overly general paraphrasing. You may use translation software, but make sure to carefully review the translations, as they can sometimes produce awkward or inaccurate phrasing. Assigned Readings: Daniel Sobelman, Axis of Resistance: Asymmetric Deterrence and Rules of the Game in Contemporary Middle East Conflicts (State University of New York Press, 2025), Chapter 4. Daniel Byman and Mackenzie Holtz, Why Hamas Attacked When It Did, Center for Strategic and International Studies, December 6, 2023. Ariel (Eli) Levite, How Was Israel Caught Off-Guard? War on the Rocks, February 22, 2024. Daniel Sobelman, The Strategic Origins of Hamass October 7th Attack, Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, January 2026.