Category: Machine Learning

What are the latest trends in Machine Learning?

Machine learning (ML) is evolving rapidly, and recent trends show a shift from experimental tools to real-world, scalable systems used across industries. Below are the latest trends (20252026) explained in detail:

1. Agentic AI (Autonomous Systems)

One of the biggest trends is the rise of agentic AI, where systems can plan, decide, and act independently instead of just responding to input.

These AI agents can complete multi-step tasks with minimal human supervision.

Used in areas like customer service, finance, and healthcare.

TechTarget +1

Example: An AI that not only analyzes data but also makes decisions and executes actions automatically.

2. Generative AI Becomes Core Infrastructure

Generative AI (like text, image, or code generation) is no longer just a featureits becoming part of core systems and workflows.

Integrated into business tools, automation, and decision-making systems.

Works alongside traditional ML models for end-to-end solutions.

MachineLearningMastery.com +1

3. Multimodal Machine Learning

Modern ML models can now process multiple types of data at once (text, images, audio, video).

Improves understanding and interaction with humans.

Enables applications like voice assistants that also understand visuals.

4. Edge AI and IoT Integration

Machine learning is moving from cloud servers to devices (phones, sensors, IoT systems).

Faster processing and better privacy.

Real-time decision-making on devices like cameras and wearables.

5. HumanAI Collaboration

Instead of replacing humans, ML is increasingly designed to work with people.

AI assists in decision-making (e.g., doctors analyzing medical images).

6. Smaller, Efficient Models (SLMs)

There is a shift from huge models to smaller, more efficient models.

Lower cost and energy consumption.

Easier deployment on mobile and edge devices.

ESDS

7. MLOps, LLMOps, and AI Governance

As ML scales, companies focus on reliability and control:

MLOps ensures models are monitored and maintained.

Governance ensures fairness, transparency, and compliance.

8. Explainable and Responsible AI

There is increasing demand for ML systems that are:

Transparent (explain decisions)

Fair and unbiased

Ethically aligned

This is especially important in healthcare, finance, and government.

9. Convergence of ML + Real-World Applications

ML is now deeply integrated into industries such as:

Healthcare (diagnostics, drug discovery)

Finance (fraud detection, forecasting)

Retail (recommendation systems)

Its shifting from innovation to core business operations.

TechBlocks

10. Rapid Market Growth

The ML industry itself is expanding quickly:

Expected to grow massively in the next decade.

ML-as-a-service platforms are becoming common.

Itransition

Summary

The latest trends show that machine learning is:

Becoming autonomous (agentic AI)

More integrated into everyday systems

Focused on efficiency, scalability, and ethics

Moving toward real-world impact, not just experimentation

All detiles inside files

All detiles inside files

The main parts of a computer are:

CPU (Central Processing Unit) It is the brain of the computer.

Monitor It shows the output (what we see).

Keyboard It is used to type input.

Mouse It is used to control the cursor.

Mark the steps as checked when you complete them.

1. Open the start file EX2021-SkillReview-1-1. The file will be renamed automatically to include your name. Change the file name if directed to do so by your instructor, and save it.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
2. If the workbook opens in Protected View, click the Enable Editing button in the Message Bar at the top of the workbook so you can modify the workbook.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.NOTE: If group titles are not visible on your Ribbon, click the Excel menu and select Preferences to open the Excel Preferences dialog box. Click the View button and check the Group Titles check box under In Ribbon, Show. Close the Excel Preferences dialog box.
3. Explore the workbook. If you accidentally make changes while exploring, press Ctrl + Z to undo the change.
   1. Click the worksheet tab labeled Stevens Hours.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
   2. If necessary, use the vertical scroll bar to scroll down so you can see both weeks of billable hours. (If necessary, use the vertical scroll bar again to return to the top of the worksheet.)Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
   3. Click cell B2 (the cell displaying the staff members last name, Stevens). This is the cell at the intersection of column B and row 2.
      1. Note that the column B and row 2 selector boxes highlight.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
      2. Note that the status bar displays Ready, indicating that you are in Ready mode.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
      3. On the Home tab, in the Number group, look at the Number Format box at the top of the group. Note that the format for this cell is General.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
      4. Double-click cell B2 to switch to Edit mode. Note that the status bar now displays Edit, and the blinking cursor appears within the cell. If you needed to, you could edit the text directly in the cell.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
   4. Press Esc to exit Edit mode and return to Ready mode.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
   5. Press Enter twice to move to cell B4 (the cell displaying the staff members billable rate). This cell is formatted with the Accounting Number Format(orCustom) number format.
      1. Look in the Number Format box and note that the format for this cell is Accounting (or Custom).Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
      2. On the Home tab, in the Styles group, look in the Cell Styles gallery, and note that the cell style Currency is highlighted. (If the Cell Styles gallery is collapsed on your Ribbon, click the Cell Styles button to display it.)Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
   6. Click cell B8 (the cell displaying the number of hours for 8/1/2022). This cell is formatted with the Comma cell style.
      1. Look in the Number Format box and note that the format for this cell is Accounting (or Custom).Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
      2. On the Home tab, in the Styles group, look in the Cell Styles gallery, and note that the cell style Comma is highlighted for this cell. (If the Cell Styles gallery is collapsed on your Ribbon, click the Cell Styles button to display it.)Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
      3. Note the style differences between cell B4 (Accounting Number Format, Currency style) and cell B8 (Accounting Number Format, Comma style).Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
   7. Click cell B7 (the cell displaying the date 8/1/2022 or 8/1/22). This cell is formatted using the Short Date format. Note that the Number Format box displays Date.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
   8. Double-click cell B14.
      1. Note that the status bar now displays Edit, indicating that you are in Edit mode.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
      2. This cell contains a formula to calculate the daily bill for Monday, August 1: =B12*$B$4Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
      3. Note that cells B12 and B4 are highlighted with colors matching the cell references in the formula.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
      4. Note that the reference to cell B4 is an absolute reference ($B$4).Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
   9. Press Esc to exit Edit mode.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
   10. Double-click cell B12.
       1. Note that once again the status bar displays Edit, indicating that you are in Edit mode.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
       2. This cell contains a formula using the SUM function to calculate the total billable hours for Monday, August 1: =SUM(B8:B11)Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
       3. In this case, the SUM function uses a single argument B8:B11 to indicate the range of cells to total.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
       4. Note that the cell range B8:B11 is highlighted with the color matching the argument in the SUM function formula.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
       5. Note that the reference to the cell range B8:B11 uses relative references.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
   11. Press Esc to exit Edit mode.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
   12. Press Tab to move to cell C12. Look in the formula bar and note that this cell contains a similar formula to the one in cell B12: =SUM(C8:C11)Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
   13. Press to move through cells D12 through H12. Note the formula in the formula bar for each cell.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
   14. Did you notice that the cell references in the formulas in cells C12 through H12 all use relative references?Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
4. The Stevens Hours worksheet contains a stacked column chart. Review the chart so you can recreate it on the Jarvis Hours worksheet.
   1. The stacked column chart to the right of the hours for the week of August 1 represents the hours worked for each client each day.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
   2. The column height for each day represents the total hours worked. Each column is divided into segments representing the hours worked for each client.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
   3. The number of hours worked is represented on the y axis. The dates are represented along the x axis.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
   4. The chart title has been changed to: Week of 8/1/22Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
5. Now you are ready to complete the worksheet for Brian Jarvis. Navigate to the Jarvis Hours worksheet by clicking the Jarvis Hours worksheet tab.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
6. The staff members last name is spelled incorrectly. Navigate to cell B2 and edit the text so the last name is spelled correctly (Jarvis with an a instead of an e). Use Edit mode.
   1. Double-click cell B2.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
   2. Edit the text to: JarvisUse arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
   3. Press Enter to accept your changes.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
7. The billable rate amount is missing. Navigate to cell B4 and enter the rate. Use Ready mode.
   1. Click cell B4.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
   2. Type: 180Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
   3. Press Enter.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
8. Modify the billable rate to use the Accounting Number Format.
   1. Press the to return to cell B4.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
   2. On the Home tab, in the Number group, click the Accounting Number Format button.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
9. The dates are missing from the timesheet. Enter the first date, August 1, 2022.
   1. Click cell B7.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
   2. Type: 8/1/2022Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
   3. Press Enter.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
10. Use Autofill to complete the dates in the timesheet.
    1. Click cell B7.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
    2. Click the Fill Handle, and drag to cell H7. Release the mouse button.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
11. Change the date format to the 8/1/2022 (or 8/1/22) format.
    1. The cell range B7:H7 should still be selected. If not, click cell B7, press and hold Shift, click cell H7, and then release the Shift key.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
    2. On the Home tab, in the Number group, expand the Number Format list, and click Short Date.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
12. Use the Quick Analysis tool to enter total hours for each day.
    1. Select cells B8:H11. Click cell B8, hold down the left mouse button, and drag the mouse to cell H11.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
    2. Release the mouse button. The cell range B8 through H11 should now appear selected.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
    3. Click the AutoSum button on the Home tab, in the Editing group.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
    4. The totals for each column are inserted in row 12 cells.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
13. Format the hours billed section to use the Comma Style number format. Be sure to include the total row.
    1. Select cells B8:H12. Try another method: Click cell B8, press and hold Shift, click cell H12, and release the Shift key.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
    2. On the Home tab, in the Number group, click the Comma Style button.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
14. Enter a formula in cell B14 to calculate the daily bill for Monday, August 5. The formula should calculate the total billable hours for the day (cell B12) times the billable rate (B4).
    1. Click cell B14.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
    2. Type: =Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
    3. Click cell B12.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
    4. Type: *Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
    5. Click cell B4.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
    6. Press command + T to change the cell reference B4 to an absolute reference ($B$4).Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
    7. Press Enter.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
    8. The formula should look like this: =B12*$B$4Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
15. Use AutoFill to copy the formula to the remaining days in the timesheet.
    1. Click cell B14 again.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
    2. Click the AutoFill handle. Hold down the left mouse button and drag to cell H14. Release the mouse button.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
    3. The formulas in cells B14 through H14 should look like this.
       Notice that when the AutoFill copied the formula, it updated the relative reference (B12) to reflect the new column position, but it did not change the absolute reference ($B$4).

       Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.

       Table EX 1.4 displays the relative and absolute references for the remaining days in the timesheet.

       	B	C	D	E	F	G	H
       14	=B12*$B$4	=C12*$B$4	=D12*$B$4	=E12*$B$4	=F12*$B$4	=G12*$B$4	=H12*$B$4

16. Now you can calculate the bill total for the week by summing the daily bill amounts. Enter a formula using the SUM function with the cell range B14:H14 as the argument.
    1. Click cell B15.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
    2. Type: =SUM(B14:H14)Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
    3. Press Enter.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
17. Use the Recommended Charts feature to insert a stacked column chart representing hours worked for each day for the week of August 1.
    1. Select cells A7:H11. Click cell A7, hold down the left mouse button, and drag the mouse to cell H11. Release the mouse button. The cell range A7 through H11 should now appear selected.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
    2. Click the Recommended Charts button on the Insert tab in the Charts group.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
    3. Scroll down through all the different chart choices.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
    4. Click Stacked Column to insert a stacked column chart.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
18. Change the chart title.
    1. Click the Chart Title placeholder once to select it.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
    2. In the formula bar, type: Week of 8/1/2022Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
    3. Press Enter.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
19. Preview how the worksheet will look when printed.
    1. Click cell A1 to deselect the chart.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
    2. Click File on the Excel menu.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
    3. Click Print… to display the print preview.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
    4. Click Cancel to close the Print dialog.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
20. Save and close the workbook.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
21. Upload and save your project file.Use arrow keys to navigate between play, volume, and speed buttons. Press Enter to activate. When a panel is open, press Escape to close it.
22. Submit project for grading.

I have an initial report regarding Wi-Fi Indoor Positioning & Navigation System for Emergency Response I want to add some more information and studies to the report and some testings

i may ask for changes based on what i see fit

*Assignment 2: Proposal for the Final Project **

**Overview: **

Assignment 2 serves as the groundwork for your final project in this course. You are tasked with crafting and presenting a proposal that outlines a solution to a real-world problem through the application of machine learning techniques discussed in class. This proposal should aim to innovate or improve upon existing solutions by integrating a limited proportion (no more than 30%) of external methods or technologies. If such external resources are utilized, your team must thoroughly explain their relevance and application within the context of your project.

The final projects should target real-life applications in the UAE context. The project could aim to contribute to the development of to offer inclusive services in healthcare, agricultural analytics, tourism and crowd management, or ICT advancements in the public sector. Alternatively, you can propose another project that is in line with .

**Data Sources: **

Ideally, if you can access data, you should use local data from UAE resources which will ensure the relevance and applicability of your work. In case of problems accessing data, you can use other data resources that contain relevant data for your project. You can use datasets from reputable sources such as , , or dedicated machine learning dataset repositories like . In case you use external resources, you should provide a short plan of how data could be collected in UAE context.

**Proposal Components: **

_Section 1: Problem Statement _

What is the problem/challenge?

Why is it important to solve this problem/challenge?

Is this problem new? Explain

Who will be the user of your product?

How is this problem relevant in the context of the UAE?

_Section 2: Dataset _

Describe the dataset used for solving the problem

How many features (columns) and instances (rows) are available in the dataset?

Provide information such as missing values, outliers, and so on.

_Section 3: Summary of Existing Solutions _

Detail the pre-processing steps typically applied to the data.

List the models that have been tested in previous studies.

Report on the performance outcomes of these models.

Limitations of existing solutions

At least 10 references should be included in this part

_Section 4: Project Implementation Plan _

For projects without prior implementations, enumerate the processes and machine learning techniques you intend to apply.

For projects improving upon existing solutions, outline the modifications, additional tests, or different approaches you plan to implement.

**Evaluation Criteria: **

Your proposal will be assessed based on the clarity, innovation, and feasibility of your problem and proposed solution.

**Submission Requirements: **

Your submission should consist of a 3-4 page document (in PDF format) summarizing your project proposal. This document must be prepared in accordance with the provided guidelines and submitted by the specified deadline. Your instructor will provide feedback on the proposal. It is important to incorporate that feedback in the final project, which will be based on this assignment.

**Key Areas of Focus: **

Proper formatting and presentation of the proposal

Answering all expected parts

Novelty and significance of the identified problem

Study of the existing solutions and their limitations to the identified problem

Benefit to and context of the UAE for your problem

Problem identification based on thorough research of UAE problems that can be solved via machine learning or deep learning

**Real-World Application: **

Clearly articulate the real-world problem your project addresses, particularly within the UAE context.

Discuss potential challenges in data collection, model implementation, or application.

Explain how your solution can make a tangible impact in the specified scenario.

**Final Note: **

The objective is to propose a project that not only showcases your understanding and application of machine learning techniques but also contributes meaningfully to solving practical problems.

Learning Outcomes Added

• : Explain why overfitting occurs and how it can be avoided.
• : Apply a range of common model performance metrics (e.g. classification accuracy, recall, precision).
• : Select appropriate classification methods in both supervised and unsupervised tasks.

Machine learning is like teaching a computer to learn from data and make predictions or decisions . It’s a subset of AI where systems improve performance on a task over time without being explicitly programmed. Think Netflix recommendations or voice assistants!

Read the instructions to complete this part of the project.I have attached two examples for you for formatting!