Hospital-acquired infections are a major concern in healthcare. What are the most effective infection control practices that nurses should follow to minimize risks? How important is hand hygiene, and what are the correct techniques? Additionally, how should nurses handle patients in isolation to ensure safety for both patients and healthcare workers?

I am interested in learning more about proper nursing care for patients with diabetes. What are the key responsibilities of nurses in monitoring blood glucose levels and administering insulin? How can nurses educate patients on diet, exercise, and recognizing signs of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia? What immediate actions should be taken during a diabetic emergency?

As a nursing student, I want to better understand how to effectively manage pain in postoperative patients. What are the most common nursing interventions for pain relief, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological? How can nurses accurately assess pain levels in patients who have difficulty communicating, and what steps should be taken if pain persists despite medication?

Discussion

Nursing theory provides the foundation for understanding patient phenomena, research validates or refines these theoretical concepts, and EBP applies both to real-world clinical decision-making.

In your initial post:

1. Select one nursing theory (grand, middle-range, or practice-level) that has influenced nursing practice in your area of interest.
2. Analyze how this theory has guided researchinclude at least one example of a research study (within the last five years) that supports, tests, or challenges the theory.
3. Discuss how EBP operationalizes this theory in the clinical setting. Provide a specific example of how theoretical principles are applied through evidence-based interventions or guidelines.
4. Critically reflect on how understanding the dynamic interplay among theory, research, and EBP enhances your role as an advanced nurse (e.g., clinician, leader, educator, or researcher).

at least 500 words, formatted and cited in current APA style with support from at least 2 academic sources.

Discussion

Nursing theory provides the foundation for understanding patient phenomena, research validates or refines these theoretical concepts, and EBP applies both to real-world clinical decision-making.

In your initial post:

1. Select one nursing theory (grand, middle-range, or practice-level) that has influenced nursing practice in your area of interest.
2. Analyze how this theory has guided researchinclude at least one example of a research study (within the last five years) that supports, tests, or challenges the theory.
3. Discuss how EBP operationalizes this theory in the clinical setting. Provide a specific example of how theoretical principles are applied through evidence-based interventions or guidelines.
4. Critically reflect on how understanding the dynamic interplay among theory, research, and EBP enhances your role as an advanced nurse (e.g., clinician, leader, educator, or researcher).

Definition

Myocardial Infarction (MI) is a condition in which blood flow to a part of the heart muscle is blocked, causing damage or death of heart tissue.

Causes

• Blockage in coronary arteries (usually due to clot)
• Atherosclerosis (fat deposition in arteries)

Common Symptoms

• Severe chest pain (may radiate to left arm, jaw)
• Shortness of breath
• Sweating
• Nausea/vomiting
• Anxiety

Risk Factors

• Smoking
• Hypertension
• Diabetes
• High cholesterol
• Obesity

Basic Management

• Oxygen therapy
• Pain relief (e.g., morphine)
• Medications (antiplatelets, nitrates)
• Immediate medical care (ICU)

In short: MI = Heart attack due to blocked blood supply to heart muscle

ASSIGNMENT: CASE STUDIES

Case studies are a useful way for you to apply your knowledge of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic aspects of pharmacology to specific patient cases and health histories.

For this Assignment, you evaluate drug treatment plans for patients with various disorders and justify drug therapy plans based on patient history and diagnosis.

RESOURCES

Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
Click the weekly resources link to access the resources.

To Prepare:

• Review the case study posted in Announcements by your Instructor for this Assignment
• Review the information provided and answer questions posed in the case study
• When recommending a medication, write out a complete prescription for the medication
• Whenever possible, use clinical practice guidelines in developing your answers when possible
• Include at least three references to support your answer and cite them in APA format.
  

  LEARNING RESOURCES

  Note: If you do not purchase Lecturio, please consult these resources for this week.

  • Rosenthal, L. D., & Burchum, J. R. (2025). Lehnes pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice nurses and physician assistants (3rd ed.). Elsevier.
    • Chapter 66, Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease (pp. 584593)
    • Chapter 67, Laxatives (pp. 593600)
    • Chapter 68, Other Gastrointestinal Drugs (pp. 600610)
    • Chapter 70, Drugs for Obesity (pp. 620628)

    Welcome to Week 4: Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Systems

    Happy Monday Morning Class and Welcome to Week 4.This week we will apply pharmacology concepts to the gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary systems. Symptoms of various gastrointestinal (GI) and hepatobiliary disorders often overlap, making diagnosis and treatment challenging. For example, symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, constipation, and diarrhea are non-specific and could also be the result of underlying medical history or current prescription drug use. As an advanced practice nurse, you could be potentially responsible for providing care to a patient who may present with non-specific symptoms related to the gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary systems.When selecting drugs and determining dosages for patients, it is essential to consider individual patient factors that might impact the patients pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes. These patient factorsinclude genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, behavior (ie diet, nutrition, smoking, alcohol, illicit drug abuse), and/or pathophysiological changes due to disease.Learning Resources: Please plan accordingly throughout the week to review all learning resources that include but not limited to the lecturio resources and all required reading. There is much information provided but all is relevant that you will need not only for the successful completion of this course but also as you begin your practice as a Nurse Practitioner. As well, there are many required media videos for you to view this week and they are very informative.Week 4 Assignment: Please use the following Case Studies to complete your Assignment for this week that is Due by Day 7. To Prepare:

    • Review the following case studies and answer ALL questions.
    • When recommending medications, write out a complete prescription for each medication. What order would you send to a pharmacy? Include drug, dose, route, frequency, special instructions, # dispensed (days supply), refills, etc. Also state if you would continue, discontinue or taper the patients current medications.
    • Use clinical practice guidelines in developing your answers. Please review all Required Learning Resources. Use the Medscape app or website and JNC 8 to complete assignment.
    • Include at least three references to support each scenario and cite them in APA format. Please include in-text citations. You do not need an introduction or conclusion paragraph.

    SCENARIO 1What are the errors in the following prescriptions (1 per prescription)? Rewrite each prescription correctly. What is each medications classification and mechanism of action (MOA)?

    • levothyroxine 88 mg PO daily #30 1 RF
    • montelukast 10 mg chewable tablet PO qHS #90 0 RF
    • memantine/donepezil (Sinemet) 28/10 mg PO once daily #30 1 RF
    • tiotropium (Spiriva) 2.5 mcg PO once daily #60 3 RF
    • Qulipta 60 mg PO PRN for migraine #30 1 RF

    SCENARIO 2FT, a 35-year-old male, is at a follow up visit with normal blood work but blood pressure readings of 143/89 and 144/94. He is on propranolol 40 mg po BID; budesonide-formoterol (Symbicort) 160/4.5 mcg per inhalation, 1 inhalation as needed for symptoms; semaglutide 0.5 mg SC once weekly; and herbal supplement yohimbine. How would you treat this patient? Include a complete medication order. How would you improve his medication therapy plan and what education would you provide? What is goal blood pressure for FT? SCENARIO 3AY is a 14-year-old female (weight 46 kg) who experiences brief staring episodes lasting 10-12 seconds, occurring multiple times per day. Current medication includes budesonide-formoterol (Symbicort) 160/4.5 mcg per inhalation 1 inhalation BID for maintenance plus 1 inhalation PRN. She has been diagnosed with moderate persistent asthma that is well controlled with no recent exacerbations and typical absence seizures. As her provider, your task is to initiate pharmacologic therapy. Which of the following would you prescribe? WHY? Briefly explain why the other options are less appropriate.

    • albuterol MDI 2 puffs every 4-6 hours PRN
    • budesonide-formoterol 160/4.5 mcg, 2 inhalations BID
    • carbamazepine 200 mg PO BID
    • ethosuximide 500 mg PO daily
    • gabapentin 300 mg PO TID
    • lamotrigine 25 mg PO daily
    • levetiracetam 250 mg PO BID
    • valproic acid 250 mg PO BID

    What is the classification and MOA of the drug you selected? What education would you provide and how would you monitor the effectiveness of the treatment plan? SCENARIO 4GC is a 68-year-old male with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes and exhibits challenges with adherence. Current medications include donepezil 5 mg po qhs and losartan 50 mg po daily. His lab work today includes: BG 320 mg/dL, A1C 10.5%, K 4.3, Cr 1.8, eGRF 27, BP 126/78.Which of the following would you prescribe? WHY? Briefly explain why the other options are less appropriate.

    • acarbose 25 mg PO TID with meals
    • empagliflozin (Jardiance) 10 mg PO daily
    • exenatide (Byetta) 5 mcg SC twice daily
    • glyburide 2.5 mg PO daily
    • insulin glargine (Lantus) 10 units SC nightly
    • metformin 500 mg PO daily
    • semaglutide (Ozempic) 0.25 mg SC once weekly
    • sitagliptin (Januvia) 50 mg PO daily

    What is the classification and MOA of the drug you selected? What education would you provide and how would you monitor the effectiveness of the treatment plan? What is his goal A1C, BG and BP?Also, it will be very helpful to view the rubric for each assignment to ensure you’ve included all requirements before submission if applicable.I look forward to and am excited about all that we will learn in Week 4!

Hi! please make sure to include the turinitin score. also please cite everything! use at least 3 resources, one being the one provided by professor. Please make sure they are current and scholarly.

After studying , address the following in a well-written discussion post:

• Should we be diagnosing children with psychological disorders? Use current US scholarly journals to support your opinion.

Submission Instructions:

• Your initial post should be at least 500 words, formatted, and cited in current APA style with support from at least 2 academic sources. Your initial post is worth 8 points.
• You should respond to at least two of your peers by extending, refuting/correcting, or adding additional nuance to their posts. Your reply posts are worth 2 points (1 point per response.)
• All replies must be constructive and use literature where possible.

Complete the following:

• Consider your diagnosis from Assessment 1.
• Explain an issue associated with this diagnosis that could benefit from an EBP approach.
• Choose the Evidence-based practice (EBP) model you wish to implement.
• Describe each step of the EBP model of your choice.
• Apply the steps of the model to your search for evidence for your diagnosis issue, and describe how you applied them.
• Locate at least three separate resources of evidence to assist with your diagnosis issue.
• Analyze the credibility and relevance of each resource as it relates to your diagnosis.

This is a paper and should be 35 pages, not including the title page or reference page. The paper must be in APA format.

Scouring Guide

1. Explain an issue associated with a chosen diagnosis that could benefit from an EBP approach.
2. Describe each step of a chosen EBP model.
3. Describe how the steps of a chosen EPB model were applied to search for evidence for a diagnosis issue.
4. Analyze the credibility and relevance of each resource as it relates to a diagnosis.
5. Organize content so ideas flow logically with smooth transitions; contains few errors in grammar/punctuation, word choice, and spelling.
6. Apply APA formatting to in-text citations and references, exhibiting adherence to most aspects of APA format.

Students much review the case study and answer all questions with a scholarly response using APA and include 2 scholarly references. Answer both case studies on the same document and upload 1 document to Moodle.

Case Study 1 & 2 topics change every semester. Topics will be determined at due time for this semester

The answers must be in your own words with reference to the journal or book where you found the evidence to your answer. Do not copy-paste or use a past students work as all files submitted in this course are registered and saved in turn it in program.

Turn it in Score must be less than 25 % or will not be accepted for credit, must be your own work and in your own words. You can resubmit, Final submission will be accepted if less than 25 %. Copy-paste from websites or textbooks will not be accepted or tolerated. Please see College Handbook with reference to Academic Misconduct Statement.

All answers to case studies must-have reference cited in the text for each answer and a minimum of 2 Scholarly References (Journals, books) (No websites) per case Study