Category: Nursing

Tyhana is a 17 year old female who is seeing a healthcare provider for the third time this month for chest pain. She has just stopped taking anxiety medications. She tells you that the last nurse practitioner who saw her asked if she had a family history of heart disease or any other medical problems. She does not want to take medication and wants to know if there is another way she can control her anxiety. What is your burning clinical question?

To find out what nursing interventions do not involve a drug as the intervention go the elibrary (must be Texas Tech University library) and use the search term “non-pharmacological intervention”. Reply to this discussion topic to briefly describe in your own words (paraphrase/no quotes) one non-pharmacologic nursing intervention. Pick different interventions from the ones already in the replies.

Nurse sensitive health outcomes – nursing actions directly impact the health outcome. To get you started thinking about these types of health outcomes here a few examples: delirium, pain, quality of life, medication adherence, dyspena, sleep, smoking cessation. Reply to this discussion topic with at least one more nurse sensitive health outcome.

AI NOT PERMITTED

—————-There are two papers needed, one is a outline and one is the final paper————

Health Care Policy Brief Outline – This assignment prepares you to develop a clear, organized plan for your final Policy Brief. The outline helps you focus your ideas, identify key evidence, and ensure your policy topic supports health equity for diverse individuals and populations.

Learning Objectives

By completing this assignment, you will be able to:

1. Identify a current healthcare policy issue that impacts diverse individuals or populations.

2. Organize evidence, ideas, and arguments into a clear outline.

3. Select credible research and policy sources to support your brief.

Guidelines

Your outline should include:

1. Proposed Policy Topic

o State the issue, the population affected, and why this topic matters now.

2. Background / Problem Summary

o Key facts, statistics, or trends.

o Identify health disparities or access issues.

3. Policy Context

o Current law, regulation, or policy.

o Gaps or weaknesses.

4. Recommended Policy Solution

o Your proposed change (bulleted).

o Expected benefits for diverse individuals or populations.

5. Evidence and Sources

o At least 3 peer-reviewed or government sources listed in APA format.

6. Formatting

o Double-spaced, APA format

—————————————

Health Care Policy Brief Paper – This assignment strengthens your ability to analyze a policy issue, evaluate ethical and financial implications, and recommend solutions that support equitable care for diverse populations.

Learning Objectives

By completing this brief, you will be able to:

1. Analyze how a health policy impacts access, equity, or outcomes for diverse populations.

2. Evaluate ethical, financial, and systems-level factors related to the policy.

3. Recommend evidence-based, realistic policy solutions.

4. Communicate policy information clearly to academic and professional audiences.

Guidelines

Your policy brief should include:

1. Title and Executive Summary

o Clear overview of the problem, affected population, and your recommendation.

2. Background of the Problem

o Explain health inequities, trends, or disparities.

o Use current statistics and research (within 5 years).

3. Policy Landscape

o Describe current laws, regulations, or policies.

o Identify gaps, barriers, or unintended consequences.

4. Ethical and Financial Considerations

o Discuss equity, justice, and implications for diverse populations.

o Explain financial impact, reimbursement issues, or cost-benefit considerations.

5. Recommended Policy Action

o State your proposed change or strategy.

o Describe expected outcomes for diverse individuals, populations, or systems.

6. Evidence Base

o Minimum of 5 peer-reviewed or government sources.

7. Formatting

o 57 pages (not including title or references).

o APA formatting

Directions

This course teaches therapists and health practitioners how to encourage behavioral change through motivational interviewing (MI). We explore approaches to psychotherapy developed by Stephen Rollnick and William R. Miller to assist people in changing through their own motivations. This course focuses on helping therapists and practitioners develop and maintain MI skills, and assist patients to adhere to treatment recommendations.

Complete Module 1:

• • Introduction to Motivational Interviewing
  • Motivational Interviewing Skills
  • Theories of Motivational Interviewing
  • Motivational Interviewing and Global-Based MI
  • Basic Concepts of Motivational Interviewing Lesson Summary

You must get 80% to pass.

What to Submit

Upload a SCREENSHOT of completion page (must get 80% to pass). THE ACTUAL CERTIFICATE is NOT required.

Directions

Today, you will . At the end, save your summary.

What to Submit

Your Adobe PDF summary from the interactive case

If you copy and paste references from the course into your assignment, be sure to confirm APA formatting before submitting.

Health Promotion and MI Rubric

Health Promotion and MI Rubric
Criteria	Ratings	Pts
Health Promotion Theories (three elements) Analyze similarities of health promotion theories, Analyze differences of health promotion theories, Describe a patient scenario where a health promotion theory would be helpful.	15 pts Three elements are present and fully explained. 13.75 pts Three elements are present, but some explanations are superficial. 12.75 pts Two elements are present. 12 pts One element is present. 0 pts Missing.	/ 15 pts
Analysis of Stages of Change (three elements) From the transtheoretical stages of change model, list the stage of change you believe your patient is in. First reason you have to support this. Second reason you have to support this.	15 pts Three elements are present and fully explained. 13.75 pts Three elements are present, but some explanations are superficial. 12.75 pts Two elements are present; some explanation is provided. 12 pts One element is present; no explanation is provided. 0 pts Missing.	/ 15 pts
Motivational Interviewing (four elements) Define: O A R S	15 pts Four elements are present and fully explained. 13.75 pts Four elements are present, but some explanations are superficial. 12.75 pts Three elements are present. 12 pts One or two elements are present. 0 pts Missing.	/ 15 pts
Application of MI (four elements) Open-ended question Affirmative question Reflective listening Summary of the visit to the patient	15 pts Four elements are present and fully explained. 13.75 pts Four elements are present, but some explanations are superficial. 12.75 pts Three elements are present. 12 pts One or two elements are present. 0 pts Missing.	/ 15 pts
Analysis of MI with Mr. Smith ( 4 elements) Give example of sustain talk from the video Give example of change talk video Discuss the difference between the two approaches	10 pts Three elements are present and fully explained. 9.25 pts Three elements are present, but some explanations are superficial. 8.5 pts Two elements are present. 8 pts One element is present. 0 pts Missing.	/ 10 pts
References and Evidence (three elements) Submits PDF from exercise. Three references provided. Writing is clear and free from errors.	5 pts Three elements are present, and references are in APA format. Writing is clear with only one or two errors. 4.75 pts Three elements are present, but one reference is not in APA format. Writing is clear with three to five grammatical errors. 4.25 pts Two elements are present or with six or seven grammatical errors. 4 pts One element is present or with more than seven grammatical errors. 0 pts Missing.	/ 5 pts

For a wide variety of medical conditions, early detection of the problem enables timely and more effective treatment. Annual well-woman exams are among the best tools available for health care professionals to identify potential diseases and medical conditions in women.

Advanced nurse practitioners can play an active role in these important visits. This role can include a physical examination as well as collection of details about such factors as nutrition habits, sexual activity, stress, and more. By participating in comprehensive well-woman exams, advanced nurse practitioners can help patients engage in preventative health.

For this Assignment, you will complete your well-woman exam using a focused note format in which you will gather patient information, relevant diagnostic and treatment information and reflect on health promotion and disease prevention in light of patient factors, such as age, ethnic group, past medical history (PMH), socio-economic status, cultural background, etc.

• Reflect on your practicum experience and select a female patient whom you have examined with the support and guidance of your Preceptor.
• Think about the details of the patients background, medical history, physical exam, labs and diagnostics, diagnosis, and treatment and management plan, and education strategies and follow-up care.
• Use the Guidelines for Comprehensive History and Physical SOAP Note document found in this weeks Learning Resources to guide you as you complete this Assignment.

Assignment:

Write an 8- to 10-page Comprehensive Well-Woman Paper that addresses the following:

• Age, race and ethnicity, and partner status of the patient
• Current health status, including chief concern or complaint of the patient
• Contraception method (if any)
• Patient history, including medical history, family medical history, gynecologic history, obstetric history, and personal social history (as appropriate to current problem)
• Review of systems
• Physical exam
• Labs, tests, and other diagnostics
• Differential diagnoses
• Management plan, including diagnosis, treatment, patient education, and follow-up care
• Provide evidence-based guidelines to support treatment plan. Note: Use your Learning Resources and evidence from scholarly sources from your personal search to support your treatment plan of care.

Reflection

Reflect on some additional factors for your patient:

• What are implications if you have observed or know of some domestic violence? Would this change your plan of care? If so, how?

Use your Learning Resources and evidence from scholarly sources from your personal search to support your reflection. Include a title page, introduction, summary, and references.

Rubric:

Write an 8- to 10-page Comprehensive Well-Woman Exam that addresses the following: Age, race and ethnicity, and partner status of the patient Current health status, including chief concern or complaint of the patient Contraception method (if any) Patient history, including medical history, family medical history, gynecologic history, obstetric history, and personal social history (as appropriate to current problem) Social Determinants of Health assessment Review of systems Physical exam Labs, tests, and other diagnostics Differential diagnoses Management plan, including diagnosis, treatment, patient education, and follow-up care Provide evidence-based guidelines to support treatment plan.

Reflect on the following: Reflect on some additional factors for your patient: What are implications if you have observed or know of some domestic violence? Would this change your plan of care? If so, how?

Written Expression and Formatting Paragraph Development and Organization: Paragraphs make clear points that support well-developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focusedneither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement and introduction is provided which delineates all required criteria.

Written Expression and Formatting English writing standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation

Written Expression and Formatting The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list.

Assignment: THE CHIEF COMPLAINT CAN BE ‘I HAD A POSITIVE PREGNANCY TEST AND HAVE BEEN VOMITING EVERY MORNING WITH DECREASE APPETITE’. THIS CAN BE A CHIEF COMPLAINT OR CHOOSE A DIFFERENT ONE.

Write an 8- to 10-page Comprehensive Well-Woman Paper that addresses the following:

• Age, race and ethnicity, and partner status of the patient
• Current health status, including chief concern or complaint of the patient
• Contraception method (if any)
• Patient history, including medical history, family medical history, gynecologic history, obstetric history, and personal social history (as appropriate to current problem)
• Review of systems
• Physical exam
• Labs, tests, and other diagnostics
• Differential diagnoses
• Management plan, including diagnosis, treatment, patient education, and follow-up care
• Provide evidence-based guidelines to support treatment plan. Note: Use your Learning Resources and evidence from scholarly sources from your personal search to support your treatment plan of care.

Reflection

Reflect on some additional factors for your patient:

• What are implications if you have observed or know of some domestic violence? Would this change your plan of care? If so, how?

Using one of the article and PICOT question below. Provide the complete APA reference for the article. Appraise the article using the General Appraisal Overview for All Studies Tool (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2023, Appendix C; see also table 6.1 in Chapter 6). Summarize your appraisal of the article in your own words.

Include the following sections:

1. Include a complete APA reference and permalink for the selected article
2. Provide an overview of the study
   1. Purpose
   2. Study design
3. Describe the study
   1. Research question or hypothesis
   2. Study aims
   3. Sampling technique, sample size, and characteristics
4. Major variables studied
   1. Independent variable
   2. Dependent variables
5. Explain why and how you can use the study results in your practice to make a difference in client outcomes. If you cannot use the results, why not?

PICOT Statement

Nurses (P) who are re-educated in nurse led discharge strategies (I) compared with the current readmission rate (C) lead to a reduced readmission rate (O) over an 8 weeks time period.

Sakashita, C., Endo, E., Ota, E., & Oku, H. (2025). Effectiveness of nurse-led transitional care interventions for adult patients discharged from acute care hospitals: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Nursing, 24(1), 121.

Alcoberro, L., Moliner, P., Vime, J., Jimnez-Marrero, S., Garay, A., Yun, S., Pons-Riverola, A., Ramos-Polo, R., Ras-Jimnez, M., Tajes, M., Hidalgo, E., Calero, E., Ruiz, M., Jos-Bazn, N., Ferre, C., Delso, C., Alcober, L., Enjuanes, C., & Comin-Colet, J. (2023). Breaking the 30-day barrier: Long-term effectiveness of a nurse-led 7-step transitional intervention program in heart failure. PLOS ONE, 18(2), e0279815.

Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2023). Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare (5th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.

JOURNAL ENTRY # 2

On any given day, a nurse can play a pivotal role in someones life. Experienced nurses often share stories of previous experiences and draw upon these experiences when circumstances warrant.

Hence, reflection can be a valuable tool. It serves as a tool for not only recalling experiences but also for applying lessons learned from those experiences. Keeping a nursing journal provides these benefits and more.

TO PREPARE

• Refer to the current Clinical Guidelines found in this weeks Learning Resources and consider how these guidelines inform your clinical experience.
• Refer to your FNP or AGPCNP Clinical Skills and Procedures Self-Assessment Form you submitted in Week 1, and consider how your self-assessment might inform your Assignment.
• Refer to your Patient Log in Meditrek and reflect on Weeks 610 of your clinical experience, and reflect on your observations and experiences with patients during this time.

Journal Entry #2 (450500 words):

In your journal entry, answer the following questions:

Learning and Experiences

Reflect on the 3 most challenging patient encounters and discuss what was most challenging for each.

• What did you learn from this experience?
• What resources did you have available?
• What evidence-based practice did you use for this patient?
• What new skills are you learning?
• What would you do differently?
• How are you managing patient flow and volume?

Communicating and Feedback

Ask yourself the following self-reflective questions:

• How might I improve on my skills and knowledge, and how do I communicate that back to my Preceptor?
• How am I doing? What is missing?
• What type of feedback am I receiving from my Preceptor?

To prepare:

• Review the Required Learning Resources
• Review quality improvement models and processes
• Review the infographic resources provided
• Review the Quality Improvement Models Handout
• Select one quality improvement process or model from the following list: Six Sigma, FADE, PDSA

The Assignment

1. Construct an infographic that focuses on a quality improvement initiative by selecting one of the following quality improvement process or model: Six Sigma, FADE, or PDSA.
2. In your infographic, you will describe the quality improvement model or process and incorporate an example to illustrate how the chosen model/process can be applied in your area of practice.

LEARNING RESOURCES:

REQUIRED MEDIA:

Forde-Johnston, C. (2023). [Video]. YouTube.

Required readings:

Spath, P., & Devane, A. (2023). (4^th ed). Health Administration Press.

Chapter 5, Continuous Improvement (pp. 122145)

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2020).

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. (2021).

Coury, J., Schneider, J. L., Rivelli, J. S., Petrik, A. F., Seibel, E., DAgostini, B., Taplin, S. H., Green, B. B., & Coronado, G. D. (2017). BMC Health Services Research, 17(1), 411.

StatPearls. (2023).

World Health Organization. (2023).

Document:

Document:

Document:

Hematology & Cardiovascular

Lifestyle Factors as Shared Etiologic Drivers of Cardiovascular and Hematologic Disease.

Poor dietary habits, smoking, obesity, and stress have been identified as lifestyle factors that contribute significantly to the onset of both hematologic and Cardiovascular Diseases. These aspects have systemic effects that interfere with vascular integrity, distort coagulation pathways, and interfere with oxygen delivery (Raheli et al., 2024). Cardiovascular and hematologic systems are closely interrelated thus, injuries, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction, tend to manifest themselves in both domains (Raheli et al., 2024). APNs have the opportunity to recognize these adjustable risks at an early stage, inform patients about them based on the evidence-based strategies, and take preventive measures that can diminish morbidity and mortality in the long term.

Pathophysiologic Processes that Impact Vascular Integrity and Coagulation.

Poor diets with a high level of saturated fats and refined sugars are known to favour hyperlipidemia, which in turn causes the development of endothelial rupture and atherosclerotic plaque formation (Schmidt-Trucksss et al., 2024). Smoking increases the speed at which oxidative stress occurs and decreases the availability of nitric oxide, leading to the hindrance of the vasodilation process and platelet hyperactivity (Raheli et al., 2024). Obesity also leads to a long-lasting pro-inflammatory condition that is characterized by increased levels of cytokines like interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, which cause damage to vascular endothelium and thrombogenesis (Kajikawa & Higashi, 2022). Chronic stress stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (Raheli et al., 2024), which raises the levels of cortisol and catecholamine, which raise blood pressure, interfere with glucose metabolism, and platelet aggregation, making the heart susceptible to cardiovascular diseases.

Effects on Oxygen Tissues and Hematology.

The same lifestyle aspects also affect the delivery of oxygen by changing the production and functioning of red blood cells. The deficiency of nutrient-poor diets may cause anemia due to the deficiency of iron (Turner et al., 2023), vitamin B12, or folate that will cause a low oxygen-carrying capacity. The carbon monoxide levels are augmented by smoking and make hemoglobin less responsive to oxygen, causing compensatory polycythemia (Sotiridis et al., 2025). The further worsening of hypoxemia is caused by the presence of obesity-related hypoventilation and obstructive sleep apnea, which causes the production of red blood cells under the influence of erythropoietin (Kajikawa & Higashi, 2022). Obesity-related chronic inflammation and stress-related anemia of chronic disease is caused by interference with iron utilization and inhibition of erythropoiesis.

Thromboembolism and Hematologic.

Endothelial injury and inflammation caused by lifestyle are predisposing factors to thromboembolic disorders. Venous thromboembolism is closely linked to smoking and obesity as a result of elevated blood viscosity, hyperactivity of platelets, and a decline in fibrinolysis (Zawadzka et al., 2025). An increase in fibrinogen during chronic stress and in metabolic syndrome also increases the formation of clots. These factors intersect with the cardiovascular pathology, hence the association between coronary artery disease, stroke, and the presence of a hematologic process such as polycythemia and hypercoagulable state (Kaddoura et al., 2025). These cumulative factors pose a great risk for the development of a life-threatening condition such as myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism.

Evidence-Based Lifestyle Interventions

There is strong evidence that lifestyle modification is a key pillar of the prevention of cardiovascular and hematologic disorders. Food habits like the Mediterranean diet lower inflammation, enhance lipid levels, and maintain sufficient levels of micronutrients. Quitting smoking has a rapid effect of improving the endothelial performance and decreasing the risk of thrombosis (Raheli et al., 2024). Exercise improves the levels of insulin sensitivity, oxygenation, and inflammation markers. Cortisol levels and blood pressure are reduced using strategies of stress reduction, such as mindfulness and cognitive-behavioral interventions (Babak et al., 2022).

The Role of the Advanced Practice Nurse

Mindful interviewing (MI) is an evidence-based and patient-centered communication model enhancing intrinsic motivation through assisting patients to explore and overcome resistance to change, which is crucial towards adoption and sustainability of healthier lifestyles (Oikarinen et al., 2024). Literature indicates that nurse-led counseling enhanced by motivational interviewing and behavior-change strategies contributes to better patients’ engagement, achievement of set goals, and healthy behavior such as improved nutrition, regular physical activity, and smoking cessation (Oikarinen et al., 2024). Continued interaction between the APN and the patient enables follow-up reinforcement of the progress, re-evaluation of the impediments, and modernization of personalized approaches that lead to a lasting behavioral change and improved clinical outcomes.

References

Babak, A., Motamedi, N., Mousavi, S. Z., & Ghasemi Darestani, N. (2022). Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on blood pressure, mental health, and quality of life in hypertensive adult women: A randomized clinical trial study. Journal of Tehran Heart Center, 17(3), 127133.

Kaddoura, R., Ahmed, D., Rudwan, A., Elyas, A., & Yassin, M. A. (2025). Acute coronary syndrome in essential thrombocythemia and polycythemia vera. Heart Views, 26(3), 175187.

Kajikawa, M., & Higashi, Y. (2022). Obesity and endothelial function. Biomedicines, 10(7), 1745.

Oikarinen, A. K., et al. (2024). Nurses’ experiences of competence in lifestyle counselling with adult patients in healthcare settings: A qualitative systematic literature review. Journal of Clinical Nursing.

Raheli, V., Perkovi, T., Romi, L., Perkovi, P., Klobuar, S., Pavi, E., & Raheli, D. (2024). The role of behavioral factors on chronic diseasesPractice and knowledge gaps. Healthcare, 12(24), 2520.

Schmidt-Trucksss, A., Lichtenstein, A. H., & Von Knel, R. (2024). Lifestyle factors as determinants of atherosclerotic cardiovascular health. Atherosclerosis, 395, 117577.

Sotiridis, A., Dardamanis-Aidonas, C., Makris, A., Loukas, I., Geladas, N., & Koskolou, M. (2025). Tobacco smoking: A stimulus for blood volume expansion. Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology, 339, 104505.

Turner, J., Parsi, M., & Badireddy, M. (2023, August 8). Anemia. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing.

Zawadzka, P. S., Imiela, A. M., & Pruszczyk, P. (2025). The Interplay Between Obesity and Venous Thromboembolism: From Molecular Aspects to Clinical Issue. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(21), 10292.