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NEET Class 11 Botany Chapter 2

Biological Classification (Premium Notes + PYQs)

Introduction

Biological classification organisms ko unki similarities aur differences ke basis par groups me divide karta hai, jisse study easy ho jaati hai.

5 Kingdom Classification (R.H. Whittaker 1969)

Monera

Protista

Fungi

Plantae

Animalia

Basis:

Cell structure

Mode of nutrition

Body organization

Kingdom Monera

Prokaryotic

Unicellular

No true nucleus

Bacteria Shapes:

Cocci (round)

Bacilli (rod)

Spirilla (spiral)

Special Points

Cyanobacteria Blue-green algae

Mycoplasma Smallest living cell

Kingdom Protista

Eukaryotic

Mostly unicellular

Types:

Chrysophytes (diatoms silica wall)

Dinoflagellates (red tide cause)

Euglenoids (plant + animal traits)

Protozoans

Kingdom Fungi

Multicellular (except yeast)

Heterotrophic

Key Terms:

Hyphae filament

Mycelium network

Special Points

Cell wall Chitin

Reserve food Glycogen

Viruses

Living + non-living characteristics

DNA ya RNA (never both)

Host dependent

Viroids

Sirf RNA

No protein coat

Lichens

Algae + Fungi symbiosis

Pollution indicator

PYQs (Previous Year Questions)

Q1. Five kingdom classification kisne diya?

Answer: R.H. Whittaker

Q2. Diatoms ki cell wall kis se bani hoti hai?

Answer: Silica

Q3. Red tide ka cause kya hai?

Answer: Dinoflagellates

Q4. Virus me kya hota hai?

Answer: DNA ya RNA

Q5. Lichens kya show karte hain?

Answer: Air pollution indicator

Important Definitions

Prokaryotic: No nucleus

Eukaryotic: True nucleus

Saprophyte: Dead matter pe feed

Quick Revision (1 Page)

5 Kingdom Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

Monera = Prokaryotic

Diatoms = Silica wall

Fungi = Chitin wall

Virus = DNA/RNA

Lichens = Pollution indicator

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The cartoon-style illustration shows two Muslim childrena boy and a girllooking happy to welcome the time of breaking the fast. Boys wear pink caps with blue stripes and long-sleeved blue shirts. The girls wore pink hijabs with blue-green leaf-shaped decorations on both sides, and long-sleeved blue shirts with small flower patterns on the wrists. Both of them closed their eyes, smiled widely, and cupped their hands in front of their mouths in enthusiastic expressions. Above their heads were golden yellow speech balloons with the words “COME ON!! FASTING TOGETHER!” in white capital letters. The background is divided into two: the upper part has a light green Islamic geometric pattern, while the middle part is a pale yellow field with a subtle checkered pattern and small star decoration. At the bottom is a light green table on which there are several dishes for breaking the fast: a box of strawberry-flavored milk that says “MILK”, a light blue yogurt container, a red package of chips that says “CHIPS”, and a yellow teapot decorated with red flowers. The composition of pastel colors (pink, blue, yellow, green) gives a cheerful, warm and child-friendly impression, in line with the theme of the invitation to fast together.

Ilustrasi bergaya kartun menampilkan dua anak Muslimseorang laki-laki dan seorang perempuanyang tampak gembira menyambut waktu berbuka puasa. Anak laki-laki mengenakan peci berwarna merah muda dengan garis biru, serta baju biru lengan panjang. Anak perempuan mengenakan hijab merah muda dengan hiasan berbentuk daun biru-hijau di kedua sisi, serta baju biru lengan panjang bermotif bunga kecil di pergelangan. Keduanya menutup mata, tersenyum lebar, dan menangkupkan kedua tangan di depan mulut dalam ekspresi antusias.

Di atas kepala mereka terdapat balon percakapan berwarna kuning keemasan dengan tulisan kapital putih AYOO!! PUASA BERSAMA!!. Latar belakang terbagi dua: bagian atas bermotif geometris islami berwarna hijau muda, sedangkan bagian tengah berupa bidang kuning pucat dengan pola kotak-kotak halus dan hiasan bintang kecil.

Pada bagian bawah tampak meja berwarna hijau muda yang di atasnya terdapat beberapa hidangan berbuka: kotak susu rasa stroberi bertuliskan MILK, wadah yogurt berwarna biru muda, kemasan keripik berwarna merah bertuliskan CHIPS, serta teko kuning berhias bunga merah. Komposisi warna pastel (merah muda, biru, kuning, hijau) memberikan kesan ceria, hangat, dan ramah anak, selaras dengan tema ajakan berpuasa bersama.