Category: Political Science

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MAKE SURE U FOLLOW INSTRUCTIONS

Summarize the reading and follow instructions attched

APA FORMAT

Guidelines for Writing a Reading Summary

(Individual assignment)

1. General Objective

A reading summary is a rigorous analytical exercise that consists of condensing a scholarly text to its essential intellectual components, using your own words. The objective is not to reproduce the structure of the text paragraph by paragraph, nor to provide commentary or critique, but rather to reconstruct the authors reasoning in a clear, concise, and coherent form.

A good reading summary demonstrates that you understand:

• what the author is trying to do (purpose),
• what the author is claiming (thesis),
• and how the author supports this claim (argumentation).

2. Formal Requirements

• Length: Maximum 2 pages, double-spaced, 12-point font
• Task type: Individual work
• Style: Academic, neutral, analytical
• Voice: Your own (no commentary or personal opinion)

3. Mandatory Components (in this order)

A. Full Reference

Provide the complete bibliographic reference of the text, following the exact format used in the course syllabus.

B. Authors Purpose (Short Paragraph)

The authors purpose explains what the author seeks to accomplish through the text.

• Begin with an infinitive verb (e.g., to explain, to analyze, to challenge, to demonstrate, to critique, to reinterpret).
• The purpose should be stated in a few lines only.
• You may quote the author if necessary, but quotations must:
• be placed in quotation marks ( ),
• include the page number.

Tip: To identify the purpose, isolate the main ideas of the text and ask what general objective links them together.

C. Main Thesis (24 lines)

The thesis is the central claim or assertion defended by the author.

• It must be formulated as a statement, not a question.
• It is usually found at the beginning or the conclusion of the text.
• Length: 2 to 4 lines maximum.
• You may quote the author, but if you do:
• use quotation marks,
• include the page number.

D. Argumentation (Main Section No Quotations Allowed)

This is the core of the reading summary and should take up most of the available space.

You must explain:

• how the author demonstrates or supports the thesis,
• the logic and structure of the argument,
• the hierarchy of ideas (main arguments vs. secondary points),
• the types of arguments used (theoretical, empirical, historical, comparative, normative, etc.),
• the key concepts mobilized and how they are defined or used.

Direct quotations are strictly prohibited in this section.

According to the Guide de mthodologie en science politique, an argument is:

a line of reasoning supporting a hypothesis defended by the author (Rondeau, 2007).

Your task is therefore to reproduce the articulation of the authors reasoning, not to list examples or details.

4. Qualities of a Strong Reading Summary

A successful reading summary must be:

1. Comprehensive
2. All elements essential to the authors thesis and argumentation must be included.
3. Concise
4. Avoid repetition and minor details (examples, anecdotes, statistics, illustrations).
5. Coherent
6. The text must read as a unified and logical whole, not as disconnected notes.
7. Independent
8. The summary must stand on its own, without quoting extensively or mimicking the authors style.

5. Methodological Steps (Recommended)

To prepare your summary:

1. Outline the text by identifying its major sections and main ideas.
2. Write one or two sentences summarizing each section.
3. Identify the authors thesis and overall purpose.
4. Reorganize the material logically around the thesis.
5. Rewrite the summary in a clear, concise, and academic style.
6. Revise to eliminate redundancies and ensure clarity.

6. Common Pitfalls to Avoid

• Repeating the same idea in different words
• Including minor details (examples, anecdotes, statistics, narratives)
• Using direct quotations excessively (or at all in the argumentation section)
• Adding personal opinions, critiques, or evaluations
• Simply following the original structure of the text without synthesis

1. Grading Breakdown

Component

Points

Reference & format

1

Authors purpose

2

Main thesis

2

Argumentation

4

Writing quality & rigour

1

Total

10

It must include the following points:

• Full-text reference (follow the syllabus model in the proposed outline section)
• The authors purpose is in a few lines. To help you identify the purpose of a text, you can write the main lines on a separate sheet of paper, then ask yourself about the general theme that links them together. Start explaining the purpose with an infinitive verb, such as explain,’ criticize,’ challenge, or interpret. You can also quote the author. Dont forget the” and the quotation page.
• The main thesis of 2 to 4 lines: “The thesis takes the form of a statement, i.e., an assertion, which may be true or false.” “The thesis is usually found at the beginning or end of a text and is fairly brief, between two and four lines.” It is possible to quote the author. Don’t forget the ” and the quotation page.
• Argumentation: What arguments does the author use to demonstrate this thesis? (all the space left on your page, and sometimes more). Quotations are not allowed in this section. “To grasp the argumentation of a text is to be able to reproduce the articulation and hierarchy of an author’s ideas, as well as the type of argument that supports his thesis and the definition of the concepts he uses. According to the Guide de mthodologie en science politique, an argument is a line of reasoning supporting a hypothesis that the author defended (Rondeau, 2007).

Write a 500 to 750 word review of scholarly research on a question in your discipline (political science or criminal justice) that you find interesting. You must consult at least six scholarly sources; these sources must come from peer-reviewed academic journal articles, or from books published by a university press. Aim to identify the most influential and highly cited sources on the question. When writing the literature review, be sure to explain how the findings or arguments of these scholars relate to one another, rather than simply presenting them as separate pieces of research. Aim to organize your writing topically rather than author-by-author. Finally, identify any gaps in existing knowledge on the question that future research could address. Be sure to review Chapter 3 information on how to identify, evaluate and read sources, and how to write a literature review. You must use the Chicago Manual of Style (CMS) Author-DateLinks to an external site. format for both in-text citations and the References section. Be sure to use the Author-Date version of Chicago, with parenthetical in-text citations instead of footnote references.

Thesis Outline

Enforcement of Sentences in International Criminal Law

Chapter 1 – Introduction

1.1 Background

1.2 Research Problem

1.3 Research Questions

1.4 Objectives

Chapter 2 – Historical Development

2.1 Nuremberg and Tokyo

2.2 Ad Hoc Tribunals

2.3 Shift Toward Institutionalization

Chapter 3 – Legal Framework

3.1 ICC Legal Framework

3.2 ICTY/ICTR Framework

3.3 IRMCT System

3.4 Comparison with Domestic Criminal Law

Chapter 4 – Role of States

4.1 State Consent and Cooperation

4.2 Distribution of Prisoners

4.3 Enforcement Agreements

Chapter 5 – Conditions of Detention & Human Rights

5.1 Applicable Legal Standards

5.2 Monitoring Mechanisms

5.3 Key Issues

Chapter 6 – Practical Challenges

6.1 Limited Number of Enforcement States

6.2 Political Sensitivities

6.3 Financial Burdens

6.4 Legal Fragmentation

Chapter 7 – Reform & Future Directions

7.1 ICTY/ICTR Practice

7.2 IRMCT Practice

7.3 ICC System

For this essay, respond to both of these:

1. Re-read the TEA Party (“TEA Party: Tree of Liberty or Alt-Right Tyranny”), GOP (“The Grand Old Party”), and Democratic Party (“Riding the Donkey from Jefferson to Obama”) assignments in Globalyceum and choose at least one (1) thing that you learned or found interesting from each reading. Fully explain each one and what in particular you found interesting. AND
2. Explain any ideas, viewpoints, or understandings that you started our class with but have changed over the course of the semester.

Requirements:

1. Write a detailed, well-developed, and organized essay.
2. DO NOT use any outside research; instead use the materials from this class ONLY.
3. Proofread for correct grammar, spelling, and usage.
4. Double space your assignment.
5. DO NOT write your essay as if you are writing a text to a friend. This is a formal college essay in which you should use standard college English.
6. You may use “I,” but you must capitalize it.
7. If you submit the wrong assignment, or you do not turn it in on time, you will received 0 (zero) points for the final exam.

Upload your file to submit it here.

Only these kinds of files types may be submitted:

.docx, .pdf, .rtf

This paper is open regarding topic so long as it is clearly related to the course content. Every student should have a unique topic. The instructor reserves the right to ask you to change your topic if it is too like that of another student. This is 10% of your paper score, which is 2 points on your overall grade Students must have a topic approved by the instructor by Feb 12th. This will involve an iLearn submission which has (1) a clearly and narrowly defined research question(s), (2) the time period and cases which the student will investigate (3) a list of potential primary (data, documents etc.) and secondary sources (scholarly reports, publications etc.) related to your question (at least 4 total with one in each category).

Length: 1,000 words minimum, no more than 1,200 words

Weight: 15% of overall grade

Task Overview: Explain democracy and/or the importance of democracy to a specific audience in a blog post.

Process: Well begin this unit by developing an understanding of what democracy is. Youll then be assigned an audience to share your knowledge with.

Once you have your audience, youll think about how to best explain democracy, or its importance, to this audience. You might ask yourself the following questions: what does my audience already know? What does my audience care about? How do they feel about democracy already? How educated is my audience? What level of vocabulary would work best for them? And more.

Well spend some time in class talking about the expectations of writing a blog and looking at examples.

You will then draft your project in phases, participate in peer review, and submit a final draft for evaluation. Once you receive feedback from your professor, youll be able to revise your paper for a better grade.

Evaluation: Your project will be evaluated holistically based on the following criteria.

Rhetorical Knowledge – You should clearly communicate your message to your assigned audience in a way that appeals to them. Your project should adhere to the genre conventions of a blog.

Development and Critical Thinking – your project should be well-developed, clearly explaining the concept of democracy and/or its importance. Your project should use specific examples. Your project should make use of at least one formal method of critical thinking: interpretation, analysis, evaluation, inference, and/or argument/explanation. Additionally, your project should demonstrate and/or encourage at least one of the dispositional behaviors of critical thinking: truth seeking, confidence in reason, inquisitiveness, open-mindedness, intellectual perseverance, systematicity, and/or intellectual humility.

Organization – the organization of your project should be logical and easy to follow. You should transition between sections and/or ideas. Your paragraphs should feel focused

Conventions of Style and Usage – your project should be well-edited, using language appropriate for your audience. Your project should be formatted like a blog post.

Use of Sources – sources arent required for this project; you should primarily rely on common knowledge, your own understanding of democracy, and personal examples from your own life. If you do use sources, they should be linked within your text and use appropriate signal phrases. If you decide to use sources, you may use any of the texts weve covered in class.

The audience is immigrants who have recently moved to the United States from a non democratic country

Also, if possible, could you send me the rough draft and the finial writing

Compare the 9/11 conspiracy theories to other conspiracy theories. These can be any other conspiracy theories–ones that we have or haven’t discussed in the course. However, use what you have learned about conspiracy theories throughout the course to make and justify your comparisons.

Compare the 9/11 conspiracy theories to other conspiracy theories. These can be any other conspiracy theories–ones that we have or haven’t discussed in the course. However, use what you have learned about conspiracy theories throughout the course to make and justify your comparisons.