Exam #1 includes chapters 14, 1, 2, & 8

There are two parts to each exam. Part 1 – short answer questions will open on 2/10 and is due 2/19 (11:59 PM), you have unlimited time to work on these questions. Part 2 – multiple-choice questions will open on 2/18 (8 AM) and is due 2/18 (11:59 PM), you will have 75 minutes to complete this portion of the exam once you open it.

I will be using Honor Lock on the multiple-choice exam. Make sure you click on the Honorlock button on the left-hand menu of our Canvas Course and download the Chrome extension for Honorlock. Let me know ASAP if you have any problems.

Remember your commitment to academic integrity on the exam. You are expected to complete all parts of the exam on your own this includes writing your answers to the questions below. Your answers will be submitted to an AI detector.

Part 1:

• Four short answer questions
• You have until Wednesday, February 18, 2026, at 11:59 PM to write your answers and upload them.
• Submit answers to all four questions (all 4 answers must be submitted to get full credit). Please make your answers detailed and specific. Extraneous information (information not relevant to the prompt) included in the answer may count against your score. Pay attention to the prompt making sure to answer the question or questions asked. Your answers will be filtered through an AI checker.
• Two questions will be selected (on the day of the exam) and scored for 10 points each (total points = 20). You must submit answers to all 4 questions to get full credit.

Part 2:

The multiple-choice portion of the exam is worth 80 points

• The multiple-choice exam will open on Tuesday, February 17, 2026, at 8 am and will close on Wednesday, February 18, 2026, at 11:59 pm.
• You will have 75 minutes to complete the 60-question multiple-choice exam. Once you open the exam you must complete it, you can’t open and close it.
• If you cannot take the exam during this time, please contact me ASAP.

Short-answer Questions

Answer all four questions. Use information you learned in the four chapters to support your ideas. Answers should be between 200 and 500 words. If there are two parts to the question, don’t forget to answer the second part.

1. Describe the “The psychological Frame of Mind” including the four attitudes. Why do you think it is important to approach things with a scientific attitude?
2. Choose either the peripheral nervous system or the endocrine system and describe in detail all the components of that system and their functions.
3. Describe Kolberg’s stages of moral development. What stage do you think you are in? Why do you think you are in this stage?
4. What is stress, give a specific example of how it affects your life and health, and how can you best manage it?

Section 2 – Beginnings

Reflection papers involve applying your knowledge of information learned in the weeks lecture/class activities and reflecting on your own experiences and thoughts. Papers should be about 1-2 pages (double spaced).

Reflect on and explain your thoughts to the following questions:

• What are the pros and cons of receiving prenatal screening tests? Why might some parents decide not to have these tests? If you were having a child, would you consider prenatal screening tests? Why or why not?
• As medical technology continues to improve, a person may have the opportunity to design their own baby. Do you believe this is ethical? Why or why not?

You may NOT use AI (e.g., ChatGPT or similar) for this assignment. This is considered academic dishonesty and may result in a failing grade for the assignment!

26 Replies, 26 Unread

Discussion Topic: Discussion Post #2: BeginningsDiscussion Post #2: Beginnings

Which developmental theory makes the most sense to you and why? (Think: Freud, Erikson, Piaget, Social Cognitive (Skinner, Bandura); Ethological Theory; Ecological Theory). Give examples from your own life or other personal observations on development. What evidences do you see that support this theory?

Post your answer AND a substantial response (at least two sentences) to at least one other student’s post for full credit.

You may NOT use AI (e.g., ChatGPT or similar) for this assignment. This is considered academic dishonesty and may result in a failing grade for the assignment!

• the transcript:
• Kirsten Christensen (she/her)Hello, and welcome to this week’s lecture today we’re going to be talking about biological beginnings, which is the start of section two of our course and we will be having.
• This chapter and the next chapter are all probably in today’s lecture, and so this will be the only video for you to watch this week, but let’s go ahead and get started.
• So for our agenda we’re going to start off with the evolutionary perspective will really discuss that perspective on life span development.
• we’re then going to move into our genetic foundations and so we’ll describe what genes are and how they influence human development.
• we’ll talk a little bit about reproductive challenges and choices and then finally we’ll talk about some heredity environment interactions and how these two things kind of intermingle together to produce individual differences in development.
• So starting off with the evolutionary perspective, perhaps some of you have heard of the term natural selection.
• This is maybe something you might have come across in a biology course before this is really an evolutionary process by which individuals have a certain species that are the best adapted to their environment are the ones who survived and continue to leave the most offspring.
• adaptive behavior is behavior that promotes an organism survival in their natural habitat, and so this just allows an individual or a species to have the characteristics that they need in order to survive, whatever environment that they’re in.
• In terms of the evolutionary developmental psychology perspective, there are a lot of these concepts from evolutionary psychology that are really used and applied to human development, we might think of the example of humans and their problem solving skills.
• thinking that maybe problem solving skills might have developed in us more modernly as a result from early humans right meaning to find food right and to find nutrition.
• So there are ways in which the characteristics that we have now have evolved from earlier versions of ourselves and have built those skills.
• This perspective, often emphasizes the importance of adaptation and reproduction, to ensure survival right and to encourage our species continuing on us humans.
• And yeah basically believes that offspring that adapt and develop these adaptive behaviors have those self protective treats that help them survive.
• There is really this connection between this evolutionary perspective and lifespan development it believes that.
• There is kind of like a benefit from evolutionary selection, but that those benefits tend to decrease with age.
• And that natural selection primarily operates during the first half of life and during reproductive reproductive time.
• So one example of this would be Alzheimer’s right if Alzheimer’s disease developed in humans, while they were in their 20s right like 20 year olds of 20 year olds were getting Alzheimer’s.
• natural selection probably would have eliminated it a long time ago right because it’s not very adaptive it doesn’t really help with survival it’s really important to have an impact intact memory intact, cognition when you’re young.
• For the end of life when folks are maybe a little bit closer to death anyway.
• You know their biological systems are weakening anyway and there’s a need for more of those culturally based resources right like cognitive skills literacy.
• medical technology and literacy social support, and so we kind of see that the impact of natural selection really happens during the first half of life for humans and also during that reproductive time rather than later on in life.
• So there are a couple of criticisms of course of the evolutionary psychology perspective First, it does not adequately value, social and environmental factors right it’s very reliant on understanding biological paintings and development, and so it kind of misses that area of understanding.
• It also relies on after the fact explanations and actually cannot be tested scientifically right because it doesn’t really happen on a scale that lends itself to empirical study right research, study.
• So the ideas from evolutionary psychology or best tested by just studying specific genes in humans and other species and their links to treats and behaviors rather than kind of knowing from the get go whether those things are unfolding in a particular way.
• In addition, there’s this alternative bi directional perspective that environmental and biological conditions influence each other right kind of the idea of what we would call epigenetics.
• This would this perspective would state that evolution does not necessarily dictate behavior right doesn’t necessarily say what behavior will be, but that people use their biological capacities to produce these highly diverse cultures right.
• And so, with that we’re kind of saying that evolution, maybe isn’t the thing that’s dictating how humans behave it’s more of the fact that.
• You know those biological structures allowed for the use of tools right which enabled our ancestors to manipulate their environment and construct new environmental conditions right.
• And maybe those environmental conditions and innovations, maybe produced new social selection pressures right that led to the evolution of biological systems for consciousness for thought for language right so there’s this alternative perspective.
• Just to note that the benefits derived from evolutionary selection also decrease, as we age right, whereas the need for culture increases as we age, so this kind of relates back to what I was just saying a moment ago.
• As we age right our biology.
• And our health decline right they decrease.
• As a result of that are need for social support or need to be involved in culture to access.
• resources and social supports increases as we age so that’s something that you’re going to want to keep in mind throughout the course of the Semester as we’re talking through each one of these life stages, you will start to see how the biology.
• And the benefits from evolutionary selection kind of decline over time and how there’s this increased need for connection and
• kind of culture.
• So we’re going to get down to the kind of microscopic level of how we get created.
• This obviously is a very big number right, this is one in 20 million of an ounce 120 million of an ounce is how big we are when we first start as a single cell.
• So just taking a moment to really reflect on that and think about who we are now and how old you might be and how big you might be it’s pretty incredible.
• So again, perhaps this is some terminology that you’ve all come across before but we’re just going to talk pretty briefly about jeans and chromosomes so you can kind of understand how a human starts to develop how an embryo develops all of that.
• So we’ve got this
• This image here have a cell right and we’ve got our nucleus, and the Center.
• Within our nuclei there are things we call chromosomes right and chromosomes are these thread like structures that are located in that nucleus and they’re composed of DNA.
• In this top visual here right the actual cell right we have trillions of these in our bodies right and so each cell contains a nucleus that contains chromosomes those chromosomes right.
• Are the thing that contain DNA right and DNA is that stereotypical double helix that you see right, so it has the structure of a spiral staircase.
• And it really is the kind of instructions for our body right it contains our genetic code and our genes are those segments of DNA that helps cells right.
• reproduce and make critical proteins, so that we can continue to develop and survive so each gene has its own designated place on a particular chromosome.
• and researchers are are actually right now and have been for quite some time trying to discover whether specific locations of genes.
• Whether that location is linked to certain functions, whether it’s linked to certain outcomes developmental outcomes and abilities.
• So maybe some of you have heard of the human genome genome project, this was this massive research, study, where scientists were aiming to really map the complete genetic content of ourselves right, this is about 22,000 genes.
• And so what they kind of learned from that is that genes collaborate with each other and with other non genetic factors inside and outside of the body right to really kind of get a sense of what are these genes doing right what are they responsible for.
• And so, whenever a gene is actually expressed right is a matter of collaboration right certain genes are turned on or off as a result of environmental circumstances.
• mainly through a method called methylation right and that’s when tiny molecules attach themselves to the outside of the gene.
• Making that gene less capable of receiving and responding to other biochemical signals from the body so gene expression is pretty heavily affected by environment.
• hormones in the blood can also turn genes on or off and things like stress things like radiation exercise what you eat nutrition lack of sleep.
• These can all negatively influence gene expression, as well, so we see that, while there is this really strong biological component, we also have a pretty strong environmental component.
• which relates back to our debate of nature versus nurture right there’s a little bit of both going on, when it comes to our own development.
• So for genes and chromosomes right.
• All cells in the body, except sperm and egg how 46 chromosomes in 23 pairs again, perhaps this is some review information.
• From like our high school biology course maybe you may be familiar with this and they’re these two processes of my hostess and meiosis.
• mitosis is cellular reproduction, in which a cell’s nucleus duplicates itself into two new cells, so, if you remember back from this image, here we have our nucleus.
• mitosis is the process of that sells nucleus duplicating itself meiosis is cell division forming eggs and sperm, also known as what we call gametes.
• So we’ve got a little bit of explanation here so at fertilization right, this is the reproductive stage when the egg and sperm are refusing to create what we call a zygote right, this is like the very first stage of conception.
• we’ve then got
• the zygote right which is a single cell that was formed through that fertilization when 23 unprepared eight chromosomes and 23 imperative sperm chromosomes combine right.
• In twins right and identical twins or models I got it twins a single zygote will split into two by genetically identical.
• replica right it’ll produce into to have the exact same thing, but it becomes to humans right eventually in fraternal or dies I got a twins.
• Two different eggs are fertilized by different sperm right to create two non identical sites, but they are genetically as similar to each other as regular siblings would be right so they’re not sharing the exact same DNA and genetic code like a Mano psychotic twin boys right.
• So the difference is either, there are two goats or there’s one that split into.
• So when it comes to sources of variability.
• we’re really thinking about how individuals differ from one another right, so one example of how individuals may be different from one another.
• Is through what we call mutated genes right, and this is simply just a permanently altered segment of DNA, so, if you remember back to that DNA that’s our genetic information.
• that’s kind of the code book for our bodies there might be something slightly different or unusual about a gene which causes something to be presenting as different in in reality right.
• There are also what we call susceptibility genes right, these are genes that make an individual more vulnerable to specific diseases or accelerating aging aging.
• This could, for example, maybe you be maybe you have a susceptibility gene at toward a specific type of cancer right or a susceptibility gene toward specific.
• You know disease of some other kind right, so these genes just make you more susceptible to certain things.
• there’s also what we call longevity genes, and these are genes that make an individual less vulnerable to certain diseases and more likely to live to an older age.
• So you can kind of think of susceptibility genes and longevity genes as kind of opposites of one another and, if you think about the word longevity that just means length right.
• Which is why they kind of name it that because it.
• is associated with individuals living longer living to an older age.
• we’ve also got gino type right just the kind of broad definition is it’s a person’s genetic material.
• And then there’s the phenotype right it’s how that genotype is actually expressed in observed in physical characteristics and psychological characteristics right and these can be influenced by the Environment like we talked about before.
• So one example of this would be maybe my genotype is that I have really great potential to be really, really tall right let’s say both of my parents are six foot three.
• And six foot five, and I have a really high susceptibility to be tall right.
• But if I grew up in an environment where I don’t have proper nutrition, maybe I only grow to be five foot four right and so
• the phenotype is kind of how things look in reality – the genotype is that specific genetic code and there are lots of examples of how this can how this can play out right, we might have a gene for something, but just because we do.
• doesn’t mean that it will definitely be turned on or off right the environment also plays a really big role.
• So when it comes to these sources of variability we also want to talk a little bit about what we call chromosomal abnormalities.
• treatments for these abnormalities don’t necessarily erase the problem but they may improve an individual’s adaptive behavior they might improve quality of life for these folks.
• And so, some of these are just listed here as examples, there are obviously many, many chromosomal abnormalities that can exist, just because we have so many genes and chromosomes in our DNA.
• But some examples are down syndrome client filters syndrome fragile X syndrome Turner syndrome and X, Y y syndrome.
• So you can take a moment and pause it here, if you want to read into some of the descriptions what typical treatments or supports look like and then the incidence rate how common, these are.
• You know, some of these are much more rare than others, but some of these are much more common than others.
• We then have gene linked abnormality examples right So these are chromosomal abnormalities these are gene linked abnormalities.
• And the thing to know is that everybody carries DNA very variations that predispose them to serious physical disease or mental disorder right.
• Genes that are missing genes that are non functional genes that are mutated in some way can contribute to these disorders and there is a process of genetic testing right if you are a person who is pregnant, you can get genetic testing for your fetus.
• To see if there are any identifiable genetic flaws that exist and one reason why that can be helpful, is that medical professionals can then.
• Help predict an individual’s risk they can recommend best practices or healthy practices or lifestyle choices, and then they can potentially prescribe the safest and most effective treatments or drugs.
• So here we have also examples of these gene linked abnormalities these are probably many of these are probably familiar to you right cystic fibrosis diabetes hemophilia huntington’s.
• phenylketonuria, sickle cell, hemophilia, spinal bifida, Tay Sachs disease again, these are just some of the many examples that exist and, again, you can take a minute to just read the descriptions potential treatments or supports and then the incidence as well.
• So when it comes to reproductive challenges and choices, obviously, the process of having a baby, creating a fetus creating human eventually.
• comes with lots of decision making and potential challenges right so first one we’ll start off with is this pre diagnostic prenatal diagnostic testing and like I said before, this just indicates, whether a fetus is developing typically as we would expect it to.
• And so, this can be accomplished through ultrasound there could be brain imaging techniques and yosef teasers amniocentesis.
• Non invasive prenatal diagnosis diagnoses maternal blood screening there’s lots of different ways to get at this one image that we have on the slide here is fetal MRI.
• This is a method that is becoming increasingly used to diagnose fetal malformations but i’d love for you at all just take a minute to reflect a little bit if you were in the position of.
• Having a baby at some point or maybe you already do, or maybe you already have at some point.
• Would you want to be able to access full genetic testing a full genome analysis of your offspring, and why or why not, what do you think might be some of the potential benefits what might be some of the potential drawbacks or challenges… [Content truncated to 3000 words]
  

I need to deconstruct previous knowledge about a group of people and provide a counter narrative to the stories that have colored your reality of who you perceived a race to be. also please do this from the perspective of a Hispanic light skinned mother who hates seeing people being discriminated against.

Instructions

In a 2-page APA formatted paper (not including the title or reference pages):

Explain what happiness is from both a content and style approach to emotional life.

Evaluate these theories and present an argument for what you think happiness involves, including support from the course text and at least one additional scholarly source.

Instructions

Outline of Case Analysis Paper

For this project milestone, you will be creating an outline for your Case Analysis Paper. This should outline all of the main topics and subtopics that you plan to include in your paper. You should plug in the in-text citations for the sources that you submitted last week for your Annotated Bibliography to show where they will be used in the paper.

The purpose of this assignment is to create a structure for the final paper. It will help you to organize the paper, see where to incorporate the sources you have found so far, and also show what areas still need more research.

Review the Case Analysis Paper Instructions, the background information you have already collected on your chosen case, and the course readings and articles on the theoretical approaches you chose. Then, create an outline for each main section and subsections for your paper.

I will provide everything in attachments that is needed. my topic is about michelle obama as you will be able to see

For your psychology paper, please investigate the long-term cognitive and emotional development of invisible childhood imaginary friends after they outgrow their human hosts. The central research question should examine whether these entities experience abandonment trauma once the child begins formal schooling. You are expected to ground your analysis in established developmental theories, but only apply them from the imaginary friends perspective.

Your literature review should critically evaluate attachment theory, cognitive development, and identity formationwhile assuming the imaginary friend possesses a fully formed ego and tax-paying status. Incorporate a mixed-methods design in which you conduct in-depth interviews with at least three former imaginary companions, ensuring confidentiality through telepathic consent forms.

The methodology section must explain how you controlled for confounding variables such as sudden sibling arrival and introduction of structured extracurricular activities, both of which are hypothesized to destabilize the imaginary friends sense of existential permanence. Statistical analysis should include regression models predicting the likelihood of an imaginary friend transitioning into a childhood memory versus becoming a recurring dream figure.

In your discussion, compare the psychological resilience of imaginary friends across cultural contexts and speculate on whether they form support groups after narrative dissolution. Conclude by proposing a therapeutic intervention model designed to facilitate healthy separation between child and companion, ideally one that is reimbursable by major insurance providers.

I need a 2000-word paper; APA format, 5-7 sources (the articles approved by the instructor should be used). Please let me know if you have any questions.

In the resources for Module Two, you reviewed a significant level of biological information for its impacts on development. Exposure to teratogens during sensitive periods of development presents a serious threat to the overall health of the individual. Tobacco products, alcohol, illicit drugs (marijuana, cocaine, heroin, Molly, etc.), and over-the-counter and prescription medications are common in the lives of many individuals. While the health risks would appear to make the use of these substances prohibitive during pregnancy and even after birth, there is a debate that moderate use or use under physician care is reasonably safe. In this short paper, be sure to address the following critical elements: Risks: Select one of the teratogens listed above and provide a summary of the risks that the teratogen presents to healthy development. What immediate risks from exposure may be apparent at birth and during the first year? What long-term risk might exposure be linked to for this teratogen? Consider physical, cognitive, social, and emotional domains when considering risks. If the risks are not proven, what supports the link to the chosen substance for that risk? Position: Construct a position, backed by research, on the use of that substance during pregnancy. Given the current literature, would you consider this substance high- or low-risk during pregnancy and why? Is your position biased in any manner? (It is easy to say never to take anything during pregnancy, but is it supportable with evidence?) If use did not affect the unborn child, would your position change? Why or why not? Changes: Summarize the changes or evolutions in professional opinions as they relate to your chosen teratogen. (For example, there is research supporting that cocaine use during pregnancy is not the threat it was previously believed to be.) What was the original position of professionals on the use of the teratogen during pregnancy? Has this position changed? How much of the position was due to social and political influences rather than medical or scientific?

Topic: How Does cultural Stigma Surrounding Mental Health influence counseling utliization among first generation college students?

Should be only writing the introduction

Writing the Introduction

Draft 1 is will serve as the first version of the introduction for your research proposal. According to APA format, the introduction includes (a) a theoretical framework (i.e., the general topic and theories surrounding your research), (b) significance of the research (i.e., why your research is important), (c) a literature review (i.e., past research that has been done in this area), and (d) your specific hypothesis (for quantitative studies) or aims (for qualitative studies). Draft 1 should be at least two pages with at least five peer-reviewed journal citations. A good introduction is usually between two and four pages long. Examples of previous proposals are provided in the Research Proposal module. Draft 1 includes what you see between the title page and the Methods section.

Searching for Research Articles

By now, most of you have had to write a research paper either for one of your undergraduate classes or one of your recent graduate classes. However, some of my students have been out of school (or attended another university) and aren’t sure how to start a search for materials in the library. Therefore, our former librarian, Terrie Sypolt, created a document to help you with your literature search. This resource can be found under the APA Resources link from the home page or by clicking this link:

.

Chapter 2 in your textbook also covers how to conduct a literature review. Remember that you must include at least five peer-reviewed sources in the introduction. Educational (e.g., Education Week) or psychological (e.g., Psychology Today) magazines, newspapers (even the New York Times), or organizational webpages (e.g., Center for Disease Control) are not peer-reviewed sources. You may include them as sources, but they will not count as “peer-reviewed” sources.

Before you begin writing the literature review, I recommend that you complete the Conducting a Literature Review webcourse. To do this, open the link

in your web browser, enroll in the course, go to the course, and read through the module.

Grading Rubric for Draft 1

Although the instructions include what you need to know to complete this assignment, many students lose points for not using APA format. If you are having trouble citing your sources in APA format, consult the APA Manual and the links on APA format under the Research Proposal link from the main page on Webcourses. Most APA format violations will cost you half a point. To avoid the most common mistakes, check your paper for the following:

• Include the title of the paper at the beginning of the introduction, not “Introduction.”
• Are in-text author citations in APA format? If you aren’t sure, check.
• Are numbers in APA format? Be aware that there are different rules for different numbers.
• Include page numbers and quotation marks when including quotes.
• Double-space.
• Make sure that headings are formatted according to the 7th edition of the APA Manual, not earlier editions.
• If a citation has more than three authors, use “et al.” after the first author’s name instead of writing out all authors’ names. E.g., Hammett et al. (2025) or (Hammett et al., 2025). Do this each time you cite this source.
• Are ethnicity labels, such as Black and White, in APA format?

Some students lose points for writing an insufficient literature review. You will need to include at least five peer-reviewed sources in the introduction. Your introduction should be between two and four pages long. It’s OK if it’s a little longer than this. A draft shorter than two pages makes me wonder what’s missing. Short drafts will lose one-half to two points.

Finally, do not plagiarize! If you are wondering why I keep writing this, it is because I see at least one instance of plagiarism every year. Plagiarism is using any part of another source as if it were your own original writing. If you directly quote from another source, make sure that you include quotation marks around the quoted text and properly cite the source (author name, year of publication, and page number). I will deduct at least 1 point for every sentence that is directly copied from another source without quotation marks and proper citation! For further recommendations on avoiding plagiarism, see the Syllabus, the instructions for this assignment, or the Guidelines and Requirements for the Research Proposal.

I will help you with APA formatting and style for educational research; however, I expect that you know how to write general research papers by now. If you are having trouble writing clearly or paraphrasing information from other sources, the Writing Center is available to assist you. You can find their hours and locations at .

Feedback for Draft 1

Once this assignment is graded, I will give feedback for Draft 1 using a few different formats. To see all the feedback:

• From the main course page, select Grades from the menu on the left side of the screen.
• Under Grades for Students, select Draft 1.
• In the upper right corner, you will see your score out of 10. Just below that, you will see an icon and a Show Rubric link. Select this link to see the grading criteria for this assignment, comments for each criterion, and the number of points that you earned and could have earned.
• Below the rubric link, you can read the comments I have written about your assignment, but most of my comments are in the rubric.
• Under Submission Details, you will see your assignment submission. If you submitted a Word document, you will see a link to the right of the title of your submission labeled View Feedback. Clicking on the link will open a pdf file of your draft with additional comments, highlighting, and corrections made by striking out and inserting text in red. Downloading your submission will not allow you to see my corrections. Therefore, you will need to go through the View Feedback link. If you did not upload a Word document, I cannot make comments or corrections directly on your assignment. All of my corrections will be in the comments section of the rubric or under the comments section under your score.

Frequently Asked Questions for Draft 1

QUESTION:

The article that I am reading includes citations from other studies. How do I cite the findings from these other studies that are summarized in the article that I am reading?

ANSWER:

When using secondary citations, you may either cite an article as a secondary source or find the paper that was cited and use that as a primary citation. If you use the first version, you would cite it as:

According to Darwin (2018), golden retrievers are smarter than collies (as cited in Clark, 2023).

In this example, Clark (2023) is the article that you have read that cites Darwin (2018), and you will only need to include Clark (2023) in your reference list. If you choose to read Darwin (2018) yourself, make your own conclusions from that study, and include Darwin (2018) in your reference list.

QUESTION:

How do I know if an article is peer-reviewed?

ANSWER:

The easiest way to verify if an article is peer-reviewed is to find the article or journal in UCF’s library catalogue. From the homepage (, select “Articles” under “What do you want to find?” Type your search terms into the window above and click “Search Primo”. The top of the citation should state “Article”. If it is peer-reviewed, you should see a purple icon at the bottom and “Peer Reviewed” next to the icon.

If you’ve already located an article and want to verify it is from a peer-reviewed journal, choose the “Journals” tab from the library home page and select “Peer Reviewed” under “Show journals that are:” Type the name of the journal in the search field and click “Search Journals”. If it is peer-reviewed, you should see a purple icon and “Peer Reviewed”.

Another approach is to check the journal’s website. If the homepage includes a “cite score” or “impact factor”, it is peer-reviewed. Some will also give an “average review time”, which also indicates that it is peer-reviewed. ERIC will often label articles as being “journal articles”, which usually means “peer reviewed”.