Category: Psychology

PSY8220 – Jan 12 2026 to Mar 20 2026 – Section 01

Week 4

[u04a1] Week 4 Assignment: Making a Diagnosis

Week 4 Assignment: Making a Diagnosis

[u04a1] Week 4 Assignment: Making a Diagnosis

Due: Sun Feb 8, 2026 11:59pm2/8/2026

Ungraded, 160 Possible Points

160 Points Possible

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Attempt 1

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Overview

For this assignment, you will practice your diagnostic decision-making skills to prepare you to handle complex, comorbid cases. You will also include multiple diversity factors as you discuss how they ethically inform your approach to the diagnoses, differential diagnoses, and treatment of the person. Lastly, you will learn to be an effective consumer of the research literature as you work to incorporate diversity factors in your diagnoses and treatment.

Use the following resources as you complete your diagnoses:

DSM-5-TRLinks to an external site..

ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity StatisticsLinks to an external site..

Instructions

Consider the following case as you write your assignment:

Person D has been married for several years. In the past few months, Person D has lost interest in having sex. The decrease in sexual activity as a couple has caused significant stress in their marriage. Person D has also recently begun experiencing headaches and stomach aches that do not appear to be related to an actual medical disorder according to doctors. Person D is convinced that their headaches and stomach aches are quite serious and can’t seem to stop worrying about their health.

Provide a diagnostic formulation for Person D and include the following:

Choose a gender for the person in the case.

Identify a name for the person in the case and select diversity factors.

Include at least two diversity factors from the areas of race, socioeconomic status, religion, age, nationality, sexual orientation, disability status, and military status.

Be sure to select two different diversity factors from the ones that you selected in the previous week.

Develop a primary and secondary diagnosis with a rationale for why one diagnosis is primary.

Using a biopsychosocial approach, justify the diagnostic reasoning for both the primary and secondary diagnosis.

If more information is needed for a diagnosis, then state what that information is and why it would be helpful in your diagnostic decision making.

Develop a differential diagnosis for both the primary and secondary diagnoses.

Discuss how the diversity factors ethically inform the diagnosis and treatment for Person D.

Include at least one scholarly source in your discussion of diversity factors for the person in the case.

Additional Requirements

Your assignment should also meet the following requirements:

Written communication:

Apply the standard writing conventions for the discipline, including structure, voice, person, and tone.

Address the appropriate audience, using familiar, discipline-specific language and terminology.

Communicate in a manner that is scholarly, professional, and respectful of the diversity, dignity, and integrity of others, consistent with expectations for stakeholders in the psychology profession.

Format: Use the Evidence and APALinks to an external site. section of the Writing Center for information on how to format resources and citations in current APA style.

Length: 35 typed, double-spaced pages of content plus title and reference pages.

Font and font size: Times New Roman, 12 point.

Reference link to be used

https://icd.who.int/en/

https://doi-org.library.capella.edu/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787

In Section II, “Diagnostic Criteria and Codes,” read:

Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders and Sexual Dysfunctions.

PDF FILE DB2 INITIAL PSYC PERSONALITY is the answer based on following question and book ONLY CHAPTER 2: Author: David C. Funder Title: The Personality Puzzle (9th edition) ISBN: 978-1-324-06060-4: There are 4 types of personal data: Behavioral, Life outcome, Informant, and Self-report (Acronym BLIS). Question: Imagine that you’re a detective hired to understand Person X. Because the client isn’t paying you much, you can only choose one of the four types of data to delve into. Which would you choose? Explain your position given what you know about that data and its pros and cons.

1. Paper Requirements

Length: Each paper must be **5 full pages** (double-spaced, 12-point Times New Roman font, 1-inch margins).

References:

Include at least 3-5 scholarly references (e.g., journal articles, textbooks, or credible online sources).

Use APA format for in-text citations and the reference page.

The reference page does not count toward the page limit.

Structure: Each paper should include the following sections:

1. Introduction: Clearly state the purpose of the paper and provide an overview of the topic.

2. Main Body: Discuss the topic in detail, applying coaching models, theories, or frameworks. Use real-world examples or case studies to support your points.

3. Conclusion: Summarize key takeaways and reflect on how the topic applies to coaching practices.

4. References Section: Include all sources cited in APA format.

Topic: Explore the principles and theories behind coaching psychology. Discuss the role of positive psychology and behavior change theories in coaching.

1. Paper Requirements

Length: Each paper must be **5 full pages** (double-spaced, 12-point Times New Roman font, 1-inch margins).

References:

Include at least 3-5 scholarly references (e.g., journal articles, textbooks, or credible online sources).

Use APA format for in-text citations and the reference page.

The reference page does not count toward the page limit.

Structure: Each paper should include the following sections:

1. Introduction: Clearly state the purpose of the paper and provide an overview of the topic.

2. Main Body: Discuss the topic in detail, applying coaching models, theories, or frameworks. Use real-world examples or case studies to support your points.

3. Conclusion: Summarize key takeaways and reflect on how the topic applies to coaching practices.

4. References Section: Include all sources cited in APA format.

Topic: Explore the principles and theories behind coaching psychology. Discuss the role of positive psychology and behavior change theories in coaching.

respond to 2 of your peers posts:

#1:

Catatonic Schizophrenia

Catatonic schizophrenia is a severe mental health disorder that is marked by a number of motor, behavioral, and speech problems. Catatonia, which means big changes in movement and responsiveness, is one of the main signs. People may show stupor, mutism, negativism, or motor rigidity, and they may stay in strange or unpleasant positions for a long time. They can also show behaviors like waxy flexibility, where their limbs stay in whatever posture they are put in, and echolalia or echopraxia, which means repeating words or actions. These symptoms might change from being quite agitated to being completely still, which makes it hard to figure out what’s wrong and how to cure it.

Catatonic schizophrenia is characterized by both immobility and hyperactivity, which may occur concurrently. Patients frequently exhibit mannerisms, repetitive, ritualistic behaviors that may possess personal or symbolic significance, such as continually touching items or performing exaggerated gestures. Waxy flexibility may lead their limbs to stay in a fixed posture when someone else moves them, which means they don’t have voluntary control. Stereotypies, on the other hand, are repetitive movements that happen too often and don’t have a clear aim. People may stop talking or repeat what others say, and their faces may appear stiff or frowned. These actions show that the usual control of motor and emotional functions has been thrown off by abnormalities in neurochemicals.

To treat catatonic schizophrenia well, a person needs both medication and therapy that are tailored to their specific symptoms. Lorazepam (Ativan) and other benzodiazepines are generally the first drugs used to treat catatonia since they work fast to calm agitation and stiffness. But if you use them for a long time, you could become dependent on them, so you need to be careful. Electroconvulsive therapy is another very effective treatment, especially for people who don’t respond to medicine; it has been demonstrated to work in up to 100% of cases. Antipsychotic medicines are frequently utilized in the management of schizophrenia; nevertheless, they may exacerbate catatonic symptoms during acute episodes, necessitating careful administration and oversight.

In addition to medication, supportive care and psychotherapy play vital roles in managing catatonic schizophrenia. People who care about you can spot early indicators of relapse or worsening, including becoming more rigid or not speaking, if they know about your condition. Giving patients emotional support and encouragement can help them stick to their treatment programs and get expert help when they need it. Caregivers should also take care of themselves by following self-care routines, since helping someone with serious mental health problems can be quite tiring. In general, the best way to improve the quality of life for people with this difficult illness is to combine medical care, education, and emotional support.

Conclusion

Catatonic schizophrenia manifests a wide range of symptoms that profoundly affect an individual’s motor abilities and emotional expression. Identifying mannerisms, waxy flexibility, and agitation as significant characteristics aids in prompt identification and assistance. There is no cure for the illness, however treatments like benzodiazepines and electroconvulsive therapy have been shown to work quite well at reducing symptoms. Family, friends, and mental health specialists all need to help the sufferer manage the disease and improve their health. People with catatonic schizophrenia can have a better quality of life and more control over their symptoms if they have the right treatment and support. Mental Health Care.

References

Mental Health Treatment. (2020, December 9). Catatonia – negativism, waxy flexibility, catalepsy. 1940s [Video]. YouTube.

Catatonia Center. (2017, November 6). Catatonia 1940s: mannerisms [Video]. YouTube.

MSEd, K. C. (2025, August 28). Catatonic symptoms in schizophrenia and other conditions. Verywell Mind.

#2:

Catatonic Schizophrenia

Catatonic schizophrenia is a form of schizophrenia where the most noticeable problems involve movement, speech, and response to the world rather than just thoughts or hallucinations. In older documentaries from the 1940s, people with catatonia were often shown sitting or standing completely still for long periods of time, sometimes in very uncomfortable positions. These individuals often appeared disconnected from their surroundings, even though they were awake. Doctors at the time believed this behavior was linked to serious mental illness and brain dysfunction. Today, professionals understand catatonia as a condition that can happen with schizophrenia and other disorders, involving severe changes in how the body and mind respond.

One major symptom of catatonic schizophrenia is immobility, where a person barely moves or does not move at all. In the 1940s documentaries, patients were shown frozen in place, sometimes holding the same posture for hours. Another symptom is waxy flexibility, which means a persons limbs can be moved by someone else and will stay in that position, almost like a mannequin. Catalepsy is similar and refers to stiff muscles and a lack of natural movement. These symptoms made people with catatonia look almost statue-like, which often led others to misunderstand their condition.

Catatonic schizophrenia also affects how a person behaves and communicates. Negativism is a common symptom, where the person resists instructions or does the opposite of what they are asked, without a clear reason. Many individuals stop speaking altogether, a symptom known as mutism, which was frequently seen in older mental health films. Some people show odd or exaggerated movements called mannerisms, such as repeated gestures or facial expressions that do not fit the situation. These behaviors are not intentional but are part of how the illness affects the brains control over movement and response.

In the 1940s, treatment for catatonic schizophrenia was very limited and often involved institutionalization, restraint, or early forms of shock therapy, which could be frightening and harmful. Over time, research improved understanding of catatonia, leading to safer and more effective treatments. Today, doctors often use medications like benzodiazepines to help relax the brain and body, which can quickly reduce catatonic symptoms. If medication does not work, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may be used and has been shown to be very effective when done properly. Modern treatment focuses on safety, dignity, and helping the person regain movement and communication.

Conclusion

Catatonic schizophrenia is a serious condition that mainly affects movement, speech, and responsiveness rather than just thoughts or emotions. The 1940s documentaries show how extreme and misunderstood catatonia once was, often leaving patients silent and motionless for long periods. Readings like those by Kendra Cherry help explain that these symptoms are not choices, but results of brain dysfunction. Thankfully, treatment has improved greatly, and many people with catatonia can recover with the right care. Understanding the symptoms and history of catatonic schizophrenia helps reduce stigma and highlights the importance of compassionate, informed mental health treatment.

References

Catatonia Center. (2017). Catatonia (1940s): Mannerisms [Video]. YouTube.

Mental Health Treatment. (2020). Catatonia Negativism, waxy flexibility, and catalepsy (1940s) [Video]. YouTube.

Cherry, K. (2025), Catatonic symptoms in schizophrenia and other conditions. Verywell Mind.

American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., text rev.; DSM-5-TR). Author.

Unit 5 Assignment Part 1: Memory Techniques Flyer Read Discovery Health’s How to Improve Your Memory While Studying ( ). Then, read Michigan State University’s Study Tips (PDF). Read through both documents, as well as your unit readings. Then create a flyer. In your flyer, you will choose three memory techniques that you think work best and “advertise” them to your fellow students. Why should students use these memory techniques, and how can they use these techniques to study for an exam? In your flyer, you also need to explain the encoding, storage, and retrieval processes and how these processes operate while studying for and taking an exam. Part 2: Short Term Memory and Forgetting Next, let’s test your short-term memory! ( ) First, test your ability to remember a series of letters with this Short Term Memory Test. Once you have completed that, then( ) test your ability to remember a series of pictures with this Short Term Memory Picture Game. After you have completed both activities, answer the following questions. Your answers should be detailed and thorough. Each answer should be at least one full paragraph in length. Describe your results. Was it easier to remember the letters or the pictures? Why? Discuss the process of forgetting. Answer the following questions in your response: Why did you forget some of the letters and pictures in these activities? Why do you forget some of the information that you studied while you are taking an exam? Why do you forget some of the information that you learned in your class after the class is over? How would you be able to move these items from your short-term memory into your long-term memory? What would need to happen?

The goal of reflective writing is to realize personal growth. In this assignment you will pursue this goal, interacting with and integrating the information introduced in the course and applying it to your existing experiences.

The Reflection Paper supports the three learning outcomes for the course:

• analyze symptoms and causes of stress in a variety of subjects and contexts, such as individuals, communities, and organizations, for a comprehensive ethical approach to the management of stress
• formulate decisions using knowledge of biological, psychological, and sociocultural consequences of stress
• apply and evaluate stress management techniques and technologies to enable self and others to remediate stressful life situations

Objective: Write a 4 to 5-page personal Reflection Paper that communicates how specific topics, theories, and research findings covered in the course 1) shape your understanding of psychology of stress; and 2) connect to your current knowledge, experiences, and areas of interest.

Instructions Summary: The following guidance lists the key steps for the Reflection Paper.

1. Review the topics we have covered in class, to include those covered during the week this assignment is due.
2. Choose two to three* psychology of stress topics, theories, or research studies covered within the applicable weeks content.
3. Reflect and identify personal relevance of the selected subjects.
4. Research using the UMGC Library.
5. Write and submit for grading a well composed, 4 to 5-page APA style formatted Reflection Paper.

*This is a minimum target, not a finite value. To maximize the benefits of this assignment, focus on a range of subjects that capture your attention. It is appropriate to discuss and integrate related topics. Details extracted from course Learning Resources, and research findings pulled from peer-reviewed articles, can create topic depth and breadth. Related points, when constructively used to compare, contrast, and synthesized your understanding, builds out a thoughtfully elaborated presentation on the topic.

Requirements: The requirements for the Reflection Paper include:

Submit a single document that reflects upon how specific topics, theories, and research findings covered in the course 1) shape your understanding of the psychology of stress; and, 2) connect to your current knowledge, experiences, and areas of interest.

Within the document…

1. Introduce. Concisely introduced the reader to clearly defined topics addressed in the paper. Anchor the paper through a well-constructed thesis statement.
2. Have purpose. Dedicate discussion and analysis to two-three (minimum*) focal topics within the body of the paper. All topics are to be discussed in clear detail.
3. Synthesize. Demonstrate synthesis of each topic with your current understanding of, or experiences with, the topic. Support assertions made.
4. Connect. Identify personal opportunities for application (private, professional, public contexts). Express interrelated ideas coherently and logically.
5. Include sources. Incorporate course sources and a minimum of two (2) peer-reviewed professional sources from our UMGC Library.
6. Use Authorial Voice. Discuss materials in your own words and your own writing style and structure. Avoid excessive use of direct quotes. Doing so may incur a point penalty for each occurrence and will not be accepted as content towards the page count of the reflection paper.
7. Apply APA Style**. Neatly and concisely present a 4 to 5-page APA formatted document containing

• Title Page
• Introduction
• Body (with heading levels applied when appropriate)
• Conclusions
• References Page
• Properly formatted in-text citations and references

*Remember this is a minimum, not a restrictive, fixed target. See note under Instructions.

**Use APA style and subheadings, double-spacing, an appropriate (e.g., Times Roman 12-point; Arial 11-point; Calibri 11-point), one-inch margins (left, right, top, and bottom), page numbering, and logical flow from topic to topic. Write with clarity, paying attention to spelling, grammar, and syntax. Consult the , for proper form of in-text citations and references.

Writing Tips: Sections of the Paper

(Section lengths are averages noted from past student submissions. They are not absolute targets. Develop your paper to meet your message and expressive needs, while meeting assignment requirements.)

• Introduction: (Approx. 1/2-2/3 page). Introduce the topics, theories, and/or research you are reflecting on. Briefly summarize the focus of the paper.
• Introduce the thesis statement, providing the road map for the body of the reflection paper.
• Operationally define relevant concepts in order to anchor how they will be employed throughout the document.
• Body of the paper: (Approx. 3-4 pages) In the body of your paper, dedicate discussion to each focal topic.
• Introduce each topic, providing enough background information for your reader to understand: 1) what the topic is about, and 2) the academic/empirical grounding of the topic. [The goal here is to leverage specific details from the course lessons in order to provide context for conclusions you present.]
• Concisely convey your ideas and opinions about the subject in question. [Hint: It is here that the answers to the sample Making the Connections questions are relevant.] You may find it constructive to discuss the focal topic by comparing, contrasting, and synthesizing a variety of course materials. You may also include additional peer-reviewed academic sources.
• Provide details on how you arrived at conclusions drawn, demonstrating skeptical inquiry and critical thinking.
• Weave into this discussion your personal experiences with the discussed concept/theory/research. This is a critical component of the paper. This is an expression of the connections that make the lessons actively relevant to you. Reflections may include new insights about: yourself; others; barriers, challenges, and opportunities in your personal and/or professional arena; strategies, knowledge, and skills that you discovered and plan to apply; and, observed outcomes emerging from applications you have made.
• Conclusion of the paper: (Approx. 2/3-1 page). Tie it all together.
• Show how the ideas developed in the body of your paper tie together to support your thesis.
• Summarize the overall effect the lessons had on you. What are your takeaways?

No ai, your own words please

Instructions – “You are responsible for the completion of an APA style term paper. The paper must be no less than 15 pages in length (including the title and reference pages).(double-spaced, 12 point font). There must be 20 references from peer-reviewed journals (use only primary sources). Each student will choose one of the major psychological theories or perspectives covered in the course. The paper must have a clear thesis statement. Use peer reviewed research to provide support for the thesis statement. Also required to synthesize relevant material to provide compelling support for their thesis statement.”

My topic/ thesis statement: SSRIs are considered first-line treatments for depression, PTSD and anxiety, however, their long-term effectiveness is often exaggerated, and they should only be prescribed in conjunction with psychotherapy to prevent dependency and manage side effects.