Category: Religion

  • Models of Worship/Intercultural Communication/Social Psychol…

    1. Models of Worship

    (900 words) (Kate Turabian format) (footnotes are a must) (No Plagiarism)

    Must cite:

    • Pinson, J. Matthew, ed. Perspectives on Christian Worship: Five Views. Nashville, TN: B&H Publishing Group, 2009.
    • White, James F. A Brief History of Christian Worship. Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 1993

    Know Your Roots: Identifying Your Communitys Worship Stream & Enhancing Their Corporate Worship

    Utilizing Pinsons Perspectives on Christian Worship and Whites A Brief History of Christian Worship, you will clearly identify the worship stream(s) most associated with corporate worship in their own context. Write a reflective essay of 900 words including the following:

    1. Introduction: Begin the assignment with a brief introduction that includes a description of the demographics, denomination and approach to worship of your current church or ministry context.

    2. Your Roots: Using White’s book to clearly define the specific historic era(s) (New Testament, Early Christian, Middle Ages, Reformation, Modern) most closely associated with your own churchs corporate worship. Describe why you would make this categorization. Next use Pinson’s book to define which perspective/stream (Liturgical, Traditional Evangelical, Contemporary, Blended or Emerging) your church is most closely linked with. What specific values, theological-emphasis, acts of worship, styles of music or worship forms, etc. support your categorization?

    3. Conclusions and Reflections: Conclude your paper reflecting on the strengths and weaknesses of your current stream/perspective. What distinguishes your stream from other streams? What makes your stream unique? What aspects of faith are encouraged in your approach and what aspects are limited? What aspects of other streams may be helpful to your current model of worship? How does understand the background of your worship stream enhance your weekly corporate worship?

    You must submit a word document that includes all the elements as described above.

    Provide footnotes for this assignment which will be key evidence of engagement with the course readings and learning materials in this paper. Proper Turabian format must be observed.

    Grading will be based on the following: 1) Content (40%), 2) Integration with Course Materials (40%) and 3) Presentation of Materials (20%).

    2. Intercultural Communication

    (3 pages of full content-Not including title and reference page) (Kate Turabian format) (footnotes are a must) (No Plagiarism) (Book review rubric is attached below)

    Must cite: Plueddemann, James E. Leading Across Cultures: Effective Ministry and Mission in the Global Church. Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 2009.

    Students will write a 3-page book review of Leading Across Cultures. The three important things to cover for the book reviews are 1) Understanding and/or comprehension of the content, 2) analysis, which includes the strengths and weaknesses of the book, and 3) Relevance or application of the book to your ministry context or life. For additional information on how to do well on this assignment, see the below rubric.

    3. Seminar in Social Psychology

    (3 pages of full content-not including title and reference page) (APA format) (in-text citations are a must) (No Plagiarism) (No Use of Artificial Intelligence)

    (Journal Article is attached below)

    Must cite: Anderson, C. A., Berkowitz, L., Donnerstein, E., Huesmann, L. R., Johnson, J. D., Linz, D., Malamuth, N. M., & Wartella, E. (2003). The influence of media violence on youth. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 4(3), 81110.

    Instructions:

    For this assignment, you will write 1 critical review of a journal articles listed in your assigned readings. Each review will be based on a journal article of your choosing, from our list of course readings (available in eReserves).

    Each review should be 3 pages long – not including cover page and references – in APA format. Answer each of the elements listed below in a separate paragraph. That is, you do not need to weave all elements together into seamless paper. The papers will be graded in the usual way for content and format. Each of your critical reviews should address the following 9 elements:

    • Provide the full APA style citation for your article
    • Brief note about each author (e.g., where they work and what they study). If there are more than three authors, just include the first three.
    • List the researchers’ hypotheses.
    • Describe the study design (e.g., correlational study, observational study, randomized controlled trial, etc). This can be tough. Refer to your textbook and feel free to ask questions of your classmates.
    • What were the independent and dependent variables? How were each measured?
    • What were the main results or findings?
    • How do you think this study impacts our understanding of humans and human behavior?
    • Make one connection between this study and your personal or professional life.
  • Models of Worship/Intercultural Communication/Social Psychol…

    1. Models of Worship

    (900 words) (Kate Turabian format) (footnotes are a must) (No Plagiarism)

    Must cite:

    • Pinson, J. Matthew, ed. Perspectives on Christian Worship: Five Views. Nashville, TN: B&H Publishing Group, 2009.
    • White, James F. A Brief History of Christian Worship. Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 1993

    Know Your Roots: Identifying Your Communitys Worship Stream & Enhancing Their Corporate Worship

    Utilizing Pinsons Perspectives on Christian Worship and Whites A Brief History of Christian Worship, you will clearly identify the worship stream(s) most associated with corporate worship in their own context. Write a reflective essay of 900 words including the following:

    1. Introduction: Begin the assignment with a brief introduction that includes a description of the demographics, denomination and approach to worship of your current church or ministry context.

    2. Your Roots: Using White’s book to clearly define the specific historic era(s) (New Testament, Early Christian, Middle Ages, Reformation, Modern) most closely associated with your own churchs corporate worship. Describe why you would make this categorization. Next use Pinson’s book to define which perspective/stream (Liturgical, Traditional Evangelical, Contemporary, Blended or Emerging) your church is most closely linked with. What specific values, theological-emphasis, acts of worship, styles of music or worship forms, etc. support your categorization?

    3. Conclusions and Reflections: Conclude your paper reflecting on the strengths and weaknesses of your current stream/perspective. What distinguishes your stream from other streams? What makes your stream unique? What aspects of faith are encouraged in your approach and what aspects are limited? What aspects of other streams may be helpful to your current model of worship? How does understand the background of your worship stream enhance your weekly corporate worship?

    You must submit a word document that includes all the elements as described above.

    Provide footnotes for this assignment which will be key evidence of engagement with the course readings and learning materials in this paper. Proper Turabian format must be observed.

    Grading will be based on the following: 1) Content (40%), 2) Integration with Course Materials (40%) and 3) Presentation of Materials (20%).

    2. Intercultural Communication

    (3 pages of full content-Not including title and reference page) (Kate Turabian format) (footnotes are a must) (No Plagiarism) (Book review rubric is attached below)

    Must cite: Plueddemann, James E. Leading Across Cultures: Effective Ministry and Mission in the Global Church. Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 2009.

    Students will write a 3-page book review of Leading Across Cultures. The three important things to cover for the book reviews are 1) Understanding and/or comprehension of the content, 2) analysis, which includes the strengths and weaknesses of the book, and 3) Relevance or application of the book to your ministry context or life. For additional information on how to do well on this assignment, see the below rubric.

    3. Seminar in Social Psychology

    (3 pages of full content-not including title and reference page) (APA format) (in-text citations are a must) (No Plagiarism) (No Use of Artificial Intelligence)

    (Journal Article is attached below)

    Must cite: Anderson, C. A., Berkowitz, L., Donnerstein, E., Huesmann, L. R., Johnson, J. D., Linz, D., Malamuth, N. M., & Wartella, E. (2003). The influence of media violence on youth. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 4(3), 81110.

    Instructions:

    For this assignment, you will write 1 critical review of a journal articles listed in your assigned readings. Each review will be based on a journal article of your choosing, from our list of course readings (available in eReserves).

    Each review should be 3 pages long – not including cover page and references – in APA format. Answer each of the elements listed below in a separate paragraph. That is, you do not need to weave all elements together into seamless paper. The papers will be graded in the usual way for content and format. Each of your critical reviews should address the following 9 elements:

    • Provide the full APA style citation for your article
    • Brief note about each author (e.g., where they work and what they study). If there are more than three authors, just include the first three.
    • List the researchers’ hypotheses.
    • Describe the study design (e.g., correlational study, observational study, randomized controlled trial, etc). This can be tough. Refer to your textbook and feel free to ask questions of your classmates.
    • What were the independent and dependent variables? How were each measured?
    • What were the main results or findings?
    • How do you think this study impacts our understanding of humans and human behavior?
    • Make one connection between this study and your personal or professional life.
  • Writing Rhetoric/Writing & Reflection

    1. Writing Rhetoric

    (4 pages) (APA format) (in-text citations are a must) (No Plagiarism) (No Use of Artificial Intelligence) (Week 2 annotated document below)

    Must cite in Reflection assignment: Kennedy, Krista and Rebecca Moore Howard. Collaborative Writing, Print to Digital. A Guide to Composition Pedagogies, edited by Gary Tate, Amy Rupiper Taggart, Kurt Schick, and H. Brooke Hessler, 2nd ed., Oxford UP, 2013, pp. 37-54.

    Writing Assignment

    Context: This weeks collaboration will give you some synchronous and asynchronous options to either workshop one anothers previous work in this class so far or generate work together through synchronous prompt activities. You also have a small reflection to turn into the assignment dropbox. See directions for reflection below.

    Option 1: Post a word document of up to four pages of your work you have written so far in this class in the discussion called Alternative Workshop Discussion and comment on two others works.

    For literature students, this can be your visual art pieces from week 2 or your annotations so far.

    Description:

    Here are Peter Elbows rules for workshopping from his work Writing Without Teachers.

    The expectations are that students

    • Should do some writing for themselves that they dont show to others. (journaling, free-writing, brainstorming, etc.)
    • Should share some writing with others in a supportive atmosphere, often with no response other than appreciation, (to heighten their experience and enjoyment of the fact that others are hearing what they wrote).
    • Should get responses from readers based on the readers efforts to understand the writing and enjoy it and tell the story of what was happening in their minds as they were readingrather than trying to judge it and figure out how to make it better. When the process is useful, the benefits seem to come not from hearing right reactions or getting good advice from readers, but rather from being understood and from hearing readers experience of ones words and trying to have their experience.
    • Should not quarrel with each other over their dispirited readings or experiences of a text. Different readings help the writer see their text through more lenses (78-9).

    Please treat everyones work with respect. Instead of adjectives, try to describe what the work does for you as the reader. What movie does it create in your head?

    You may want to highlight what you think the theme is, what kind of plot points moved you, where you stumbled or didnt envision what was happening, what kinds of things you heard, saw, touched, tasted, or felt (tactically).

    Delivery: Please select one option to participate in the workshop as instructed. For options 2 and 3, please post your work by Wednesday and comment on two students work by Friday midnight.

    Reflection Assignment

    After you complete this week’s writing assignment, you will also need to complete a written reflection. Submit your reflection into the corresponding assignment portal in WorldClass by Sunday midnight.

    Literature: Choose from the additional reading, A Guide to Composition Pedagogies reading, or conduct your own research on collaborative approaches to creative nonfiction, and the workshop. You may entertain either the position of the doubter, discussing the pitfalls of writing in first person, or any other literary element as applied to any of the readings this week. One page.

    Works Cited

    Elbow, Peter. Writing Without Teachers. 2nd ed., Oxford UP, 1998.

    Key Jesuit Values. People for and with Others. Accessed on 23 April 2021,

    Vass, Eva, Karen Littleton, Dorothy Miell, and Ann Jones. The Discourse of Collaborative Creative Writing: Peer Collaboration as a Context for Mutual Inspiration. Thinking Skills and Creativity, vol. 3, no. 3, 2008, pp. 192-202.

    Image source: Illustration by Joon Mo Kang (Source: Stanford Literary Lab) and Pixabay

    Assignment 1: Annotated Document

    Annotated Bibliography

    Munro, Alice. What is Real? The Broadview Anthology of Expository Prose, edited by Laura Buzzard, Don LePan, Nora Ruddock, and Alexandria Stuart, 3rd ed., Broadview Press, 2016, pp. 320323.

    What is Real? is an essay by Alice Munro that discusses the connection between fiction, memory and reality. Munro considers the point that writers make ordinary events into stories that have meaning, and that sometimes the truth in fiction is mostly emotional and more than real. Reality is not always straightforward or permanent, as people remember and interpret things differently over time, and give them different meanings (Munro, 2016). Munro explains how observation and imagination can contribute to the act of writing, and how fiction can convey emotional truths even with the modification of details. Her essay is primarily for readers who are interested in literature, storytelling and creative writing. It also reaches readers who are interested in the process of writers making their personal experiences into narrative art. The discourse community respects honesty, introspection and careful observation of human action. This community of readers typically thinks that literature should portray a deeper sense of reality rather than merely facts, and that this is their right to expect. The text is measured and contemplative, offering ideas to readers at all levels. Her readers are probably readers of literary nonfiction who appreciate good writing and discussion on writing and memory. The essay asks readers to engage in a thoughtful analysis of the elements that make a story authentic and why such stories are not necessarily built from personal experiences.

    Munro’s essay is very similar in theme to Vivian Gornick in The Situation and the Story. According to Gornick, there is a difference between the situation and the storythe situation is the event itself, while the story is the emotional understanding that comes from the event. This idea is backed up by Munro’s reflections, which she says that fiction isn’t a copy of reality but a way of finding meaning in experience. One of her most notable strengths is her emotional insight, rather than dramatic plot, in her writing. Munro’s style is more about remembering, thinking, and using the details rather than about rapid action and conflict. Her essay implies that writers need to mold experience in order to bring out influences and realities that are greater than first impressions about people and relationships. She also demonstrates how subtle moments can be filled with significance by telling well. This method follows Gornick’s concept of storytellers who don’t just report but interpret and see through another lens. A simple style of language is another craft feature that is important to note in Munro’s writing. She has clear sentences that are emotional and complex. She doesn’t over-describe, letting the subtle details tell instead. The essay also illustrates an example where reflective nonfiction can make the distinction between autobiography and fiction disappear. Some things are always different in memory, and writers always shape reality in some way, Munro concedes (2016). The addition of this idea complicates the essay, and negates the assumption that truth is always literal. In this reflective framework Munro demonstrates how writers can evoke emotional truth even when memories are incomplete or in some way unclear.

    Reading Munro’s essay did something to my thinking about truth in writing and storytelling. Prior to reading the essay, I had long thought that realism in writing was largely dependent on accuracy. I felt I understood something about emotional honesty and sometimes it’s more important than the details from Munro’s reflections. Her discussion of memory reminded me that people do not remember things perfectly or objectively. Instead, memories are influenced by feelings, time and interpretation. This concept got me thinking about how my own experiences and how I share them with others are understood. I also liked Munro’s concentration on everyday life. She demonstrates that a meaningful story is not necessarily a dramatic one and that significant truths about identity, family and what people do are sometimes revealed in little moments. Such a viewpoint caused me to reconsider the importance of the mundane. Secondly, Munro’s essay made me think about the duties of writers. The role of the writer is not just to record events, but to create meaning through language, structure and reflection. This realization helped me to get a better idea of how two people can describe the same experience differently, yet both expressing some truth. The essay was also personal and sincere due to its calm and thoughtful style by Munro. She doesn’t make the reader reach a conclusion, but rather leaves him to question and reflect. Overall, What is Real? is good because it mixes literary reflection with personal insight. The essay prompts readers to reflect on issues of memory, storytelling, and fact and emotional truth in literature.

    References

    Munro, Alice. What is Real? The Broadview Anthology of Expository Prose, edited by Laura Buzzard, Don LePan, Nora Ruddock, and Alexandria Stuart, 3rd ed., Broadview Press, 2016, pp. 320323.

    2. Writing Rhetoric

    (4 pages) (APA format) (in-text citations are a must) (No Plagiarism) (No Use of Artificial Intelligence) (Week 2 annotation document is attached)

    Must cite in Reflection assignment: Kennedy, Krista and Rebecca Moore Howard. Collaborative Writing, Print to Digital. A Guide to Composition Pedagogies, edited by Gary Tate, Amy Rupiper Taggart, Kurt Schick, and H. Brooke Hessler, 2nd ed., Oxford UP, 2013, pp. 37-54.

    Writing Assignment

    Context: This weeks collaboration will give you some synchronous and asynchronous options to either workshop one anothers previous work in this class so far or generate work together through synchronous prompt activities. You also have a small reflection to turn into the assignment dropbox. See directions for reflection below.

    Option 1: Post a word document of up to four pages of your work you have written so far in this class in the discussion called Alternative Workshop Discussion and comment on two others works.

    For literature students, this can be your visual art pieces from week 2 or your annotations so far.

    Description:

    Here are Peter Elbows rules for workshopping from his work Writing Without Teachers.

    The expectations are that students

    • Should do some writing for themselves that they dont show to others. (journaling, free-writing, brainstorming, etc.)
    • Should share some writing with others in a supportive atmosphere, often with no response other than appreciation, (to heighten their experience and enjoyment of the fact that others are hearing what they wrote).
    • Should get responses from readers based on the readers efforts to understand the writing and enjoy it and tell the story of what was happening in their minds as they were readingrather than trying to judge it and figure out how to make it better. When the process is useful, the benefits seem to come not from hearing right reactions or getting good advice from readers, but rather from being understood and from hearing readers experience of ones words and trying to have their experience.
    • Should not quarrel with each other over their dispirited readings or experiences of a text. Different readings help the writer see their text through more lenses (78-9).

    Please treat everyones work with respect. Instead of adjectives, try to describe what the work does for you as the reader. What movie does it create in your head?

    You may want to highlight what you think the theme is, what kind of plot points moved you, where you stumbled or didnt envision what was happening, what kinds of things you heard, saw, touched, tasted, or felt (tactically).

    Delivery: Please select one option to participate in the workshop as instructed. For options 2 and 3, please post your work by Wednesday and comment on two students work by Friday midnight.

    Reflection Assignment

    After you complete this week’s writing assignment, you will also need to complete a written reflection. Submit your reflection into the corresponding assignment portal in WorldClass by Sunday midnight.

    Literature: Choose from the additional reading, A Guide to Composition Pedagogies reading, or conduct your own research on collaborative approaches to creative nonfiction, and the workshop. You may entertain either the position of the doubter, discussing the pitfalls of writing in first person, or any other literary element as applied to any of the readings this week. One page.

    Works Cited

    Elbow, Peter. Writing Without Teachers. 2nd ed., Oxford UP, 1998.

    Key Jesuit Values. People for and with Others. Accessed on 23 April 2021,

    Vass, Eva, Karen Littleton, Dorothy Miell, and Ann Jones. The Discourse of Collaborative Creative Writing: Peer Collaboration as a Context for Mutual Inspiration. Thinking Skills and Creativity, vol. 3, no. 3, 2008, pp. 192-202.

    Image source: Illustration by Joon Mo Kang (Source: Stanford Literary Lab) and Pixabay

    Assignment 2: Annotated Document

    Annotated Bibliography

    Kincaid, Jamaica. On Seeing England for the First Time. The Broadview Anthology of Expository Prose, edited by Laura Buzzard, Don LePan, Nora Ruddock, and Alexandria Stuart, 3rd ed., Broadview Press, 2016, pp. 419428.

    In the essay, On Seeing England for the First Time, Jamaica Kincaid discusses the impact of colonial schooling and British imperialism on a young girl in Antigua. Kincaid describes how she was introduced to England as flawless, strong, and better than any other place before she had ever actually been there. She recalls her time at school, her clothes, her food, maps, and history lessons, to demonstrate the extent to which English culture dominated daily life in Antigua (Kincaid, 2016). The essay alternates between childhood experiences and grown-up contemplations, enabling the reader to grasp the extent to which colonial thinking was a part of her very identity. Kincaid’s audience consists of history, post-colonial, education, and personal narrative reading students. It also resonates with those who might not have a complete grasp of the emotional impact of colonization. The community of discourse emphasizes thinking critically, being historically aware, and talking about identity and power. Readers are urged to challenge the impact of dominant cultures on language, education and self-image. Although the writing is emotional, Kincaid’s is also analytical, meaning that both academic and general readers can understand the essay. The mood shifts from admiration to anger and disappointment, revealing her evolving sense of England throughout the piece. The essay is still relevant as it reveals psychological effects as well as political ones of colonialism on the human beings.

    Kincaid’s essay resonates with much of what has been mentioned in Vivian Gornick’s The Situation and the Story. Personal writing is meaningful when the writer creates a deeper emotional and intellectual story out of experience, Gornick explains. Kincaid does so carefully, morphing experiences of childhood into a reflection on colonial identity and cultural loss. The situation she describes in the essay is her life in Antigua under British rule, and the story is the idea that England’s strength was based on making the colonized feel inferior. The repetition of the words, Made in England emphasize the influence of the British colonialism on her life, in particular in her everyday existence (Kincaid, 2016). This repetition is designed to create a rhythmic flow and it also focuses on the emphasis of control. Her imagery is also very effective. The language of description suggests that England is a sort of fantasy land with beauty, order and significance; Antigua is described as ignored and devalued. This difference between the envisioned England and her real-life situation enhances the essay’s central theme. The long reflective sentences, reminiscent of memory and emotional strain, are another element Kincaid employs. The essay doesn’t have a traditional plotline, but it does grow logically because her perception shifts from admiration to resistance. The personal first-person point of view lends the essay honesty and a personal touch, and the historical information contributes to the essay’s broader significance. Kincaid’s skill is to be able to combine memory, politics and emotion in a natural and convincing way in creative nonfiction.

    Reading Kincaids essay made me think more carefully about the connection between education and identity. The most compelling concept within the essay is the notion that the culture can be taught while the value of one’s own culture is being forgotten. In school, Kincaid learned English history, English customs, and English values, but not much about her culture or history (Kincaid, 2016). I particularly remembered that because education is often perceived as neutral, when really there is the potential to impact how people see themselves and others. I also got to meet Kincaid’s thoughts on the distance between imagination and reality. She was almost in awe of England before she was even there because of the stories and pictures she had been brought. Later she discovers that the truth is quite the contrary. That got me thinking about people’s tendency to form their own perfect pictures of a place, culture, or a system, without getting to know it before they become entrenched in it. The essay further prompted me to consider the role of language in the dynamics of power. For Kincaid, English wasn’t only a subject taught in school, it was a sign of power and domination. She helped me realize the relationship between culture and education and being confident and belonging. Overall, Kincaid’s essay is a memorable one in that it is both personal and political/cultural. It invites readers to critically examine the perspectives of history, identity, and the legacy of colonization.

    References

    Kincaid, Jamaica. On Seeing England for the First Time. The Broadview Anthology of Expository Prose, edited by Laura Buzzard, Don LePan, Nora Ruddock, and Alexandria Stuart, 3rd ed., Broadview Press, 2016, pp. 419428.

  • Intercultural Communication/Week 2 & 3/DB & Replies

    1. Intercultural Communication

    (250 words for DB post) (Kate Turabian Format) (Footnotes are a must) (No Plagiarism) (No Use of Artificial Intelligence).

    Cite these texts:

    1. Moreau, A, Scott, Campbell, Evvy hay, Greener Susan. Effective Intercultural Communication: A

    Christian Perspective Baker Academic, Grand Rapids, MI

    2. Pluedmann, E. James. Leading Across Cultures: Effective Ministry and Mission in the Global

    Church. IVP Academic, Downers Grove, IL.2009.

    Each initial post should be at least 250 words.

    In light of the videos and your reading, discuss the significance of worldview in your personal life and how it affects your outlook and ministry.

    2. Intercultural Communiction

    (150 words for DB reply) (Kate Turabian Format) (Footnotes are a must) (No Plagiarism) (No Use of Artificial Intelligence)

    20 May 23:39| Last reply 24 May 23:47

    Reply from Emmanuel Codjoe

    Worldview plays a significant role in shaping my personal values, decision-making, relationships, and ministry practices. According to Mel Schwartz, worldview is essentially how we see reality, and what the reality is informing us. Its at the core of how we experience life, and the worldview filters up and informs our belief system [. As a Christian, my worldview is grounded in Scripture and centered on the belief that God is sovereign, humanity is created in His image, and the gospel is the ultimate hope for all people. This perspective influences how I approach leadership, evangelism, and relationships with people from different cultural backgrounds.

    In ministry, worldview affects how the gospel is communicated and understood. Effective ministry requires recognizing that people interpret truth through cultural lenses shaped by their upbringing, traditions, and experiences. Understanding worldview helps prevent miscommunication and allows ministry leaders to communicate the gospel in ways that are both biblically faithful and culturally sensitive. It also encourages humility and empathy when engaging people from diverse backgrounds.

    Additionally, worldview impacts leadership and cross-cultural ministry. Leaders who understand cultural differences are better equipped to build trust, resolve conflict, and lead diverse groups effectively.] In my own ministry context, understanding worldview helps me approach evangelism relationally while remaining grounded in biblical truth. It reminds me that ministry is not simply about transferring information but about helping people encounter Christ within the context of their culture and experiences.

    3. Intercultural Communication

    (150 words for DB post) (Kate Turabian Format) (Footnotes are a must) (No Plagiarism) (No Use of Artificial Intelligence)

    20 May 19:05| Last reply 24 May 23:04

    Reply from Delores Waithe

    My worldview plays a central role in how I make sense of life, faith, and the relationships I navigate each day. Our reading assignment, Effective Intercultural Communication (pp. 5382), reminds me that worldview functions like an internal mapoften unspoken, yet constantly shaping how I perceive truth, time, authority, and spiritual reality. Becoming more aware of my own worldview has helped me recognize how much of my thinking has been shaped by my cultural background, faith formation, and lived experiences. This awareness encourages me to pause, reflect, and approach others with greater humility.

    The Understanding Worldview video reinforced that everyone carries a framework that influences how they interpret life. That insight challenged me to be more intentional about listening, especially when someones perspective differs from mine. Instead of assuming we share the same starting point, Im learning to ask better questions and create space for understanding.

    Plueddemanns Leading Across Cultures (pp. 61148) expanded this further by showing how worldview shapes leadership expectations. What feels natural or respectful in one culture may feel abrupt or unclear in another. This has influenced my ministry by reminding me that effective leadership requires cultural intelligence, adaptability, and a willingness to learn from others.

    Ultimately, understanding worldview strengthens my ministry by helping me communicate Christs love in ways that honor peoples cultural stories and lived realities.

    References

    1. A. Scott Moreau, Evvy Hay Campbell, and Susan Greener, Effective Intercultural Communication: A Christian Perspective (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2014)

    2. Understanding Worldview, video

    3. E. James Plueddemann, Leading Across Cultures: Effective Ministry and Mission in the Global Church (Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 2009)

    4. Intercultural Communication

    (250 words for DB post) (Kate Turabian Format) (Footnotes are a must) (No Plagiarism) (No Use of Artificial Intelligence).

    Cite these texts:

    1. Moreau, A, Scott, Campbell, Evvy hay, Greener Susan. Effective Intercultural Communication: A

    Christian Perspective Baker Academic, Grand Rapids, MI

    2. Pluedmann, E. James. Leading Across Cultures: Effective Ministry and Mission in the Global

    Respond to the following question: What are the appropriate and inappropriate ways to judge people’s actions and attitudes?

    5. Intercultural Communiction

    (150 words for DB reply) (Kate Turabian Format) (Footnotes are a must) (No Plagiarism) (No Use of Artificial Intelligence)

    25 May 15:15| Last reply 26 May 1:12

    Reply from Cyrus Satoafaiga

    One of the most important lessons in intercultural communication is learning the difference between righteous judgment and cultural arrogance. It is appropriate to judge peoples actions and attitudes when we are using Gods truth, humility, love, and discernment as the standard. Jesus said, Do not judge according to appearance, but judge with righteous judgment (John 7:24 NKJV). This means Christians are not called to ignore sin or pretend every action is right. However, we are also not called to judge people quickly based on their culture, background, language, appearance, or customs.

    An inappropriate way to judge people is through ethnocentrism, which happens when we evaluate another persons way of life only through our own cultural lens. The Week 3 lecture notes explain that culture shapes how people act, think, and perceive reality, often in ways they may not even recognize. They also state that cultural validity requires us to first understand a culture according to its own values and goals before comparing it to another culture. Moreau, Campbell, and Greener also emphasize that intercultural communication requires understanding before evaluation, because people do not always attach the same meaning to words, actions, or behaviors across cultures.

    Plueddemanns reading also connects to this because Christian leadership across cultures requires humility. Leaders should not assume that their own culture is automatically superior or more biblical. Instead, they must separate biblical truth from personal preference and cultural tradition. Therefore, the appropriate way to judge is with biblical truth, patience, listening, and love. The inappropriate way is to judge by appearance, assumptions, stereotypes, or cultural superiority

    Bibliography

    Moreau, A. Scott, Evvy Hay Campbell, and Susan Greener. Effective Intercultural Communication: A Christian Perspective. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2014.

    Plueddemann, E. James. Leading Across Cultures: Effective Ministry and Mission in the Global Church. Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 2009.

    6. Intercultural Communiction

    (150 words for DB reply) (Kate Turabian Format) (Footnotes are a must) (No Plagiarism) (No Use of Artificial Intelligence)

    25 May 2:32| Last reply 26 May 11:16

    Reply from Alwyn Marjoribanks

    How do we judge people’s actions and attitudes is not always an easy question. We need cultural understanding and biblical discernment to inform our unaware understanding of what reality is. However, there is some subjectivity and uncertainty involved in our judgements of others as even Paul himself says, my conscience is clear, but what matters is God judging me. The Human Beings in Culture presentation defines ethnocentrism as seeing other cultures through our “cultural glasses,” which makes other cultures appear wrong even though they are different. Similarly, Effective Intercultural Communication shows that societies organize relationships differently through political systems, education, economics, family, status, and institutions; therefore what looks impolite or strange in one culture may be significant in another (Moreau, Campbell, and Greener 2014, 8394).
    Yet adapting to a culture does not mean approving everything that culture does, because cultural relativism becomes wrong when we consider every cultural practice as morally the same. Plueddemann argues that neither ethnocentrism nor cultural relativism is enough because every culture shows God’s image and human sinfulness (Plueddemann 2009, 5456). Plueddemann contends that when cultural values contradict Scripture, they should be challenged lovingly, but when Scripture allows flexibility, we can respect the local culture rules (Plueddemann 2009, 7284).
    Thus, as Christians we should avoid hasty condemnation, stereotyping, and judging motives of different cultures without good justification. A person’s attitude may be affected by high-context communication, social status, family obligations, or role expectations. Still, Christians should reject sin and not excuse it because it is cultural. The proper balance is to consider culture seriously, see one’s biases, judge by Scripture, and use loving behavior. We should restoration and be cautious rather than act with superiority, knowing Jesus is the final judge (Plueddemann 2009, 123125).

    Bibliography

    Moreau, A. Scott, Evvy Hay Campbell, and Susan Greener. Effective Intercultural Communication: A Christian Perspective. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2014.

    Plueddemann, James E. Leading Across Cultures: Effective Ministry and Mission in the Global Church. Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 2009.

    Human Beings in CultureWeek 3. PowerPoint presentation, course material.

  • Week 2/Models of Worship/DB & Replies

    1. Models of Worship

    (550 words for DB post) (Kate Turabian Format) (Footnotes are a must) (No Plagiarism) (No Use of Artificial Intelligence)

    In a 550-word discussion post, share your observations from a worship service of a different stream that you visited or viewed. Share the following information: a. Name of the church visited, date and time of service and web link to the service (if applicable); b. personal observations about the worship service elements and flow; c. how the service differed from your own congregation d. what you learned or insights gained from your visit.

    2. Models of Worship

    (400 words for DB reply) (Kate Turabian Format) (Footnotes are a must) (No Plagiarism) (No Use of Artificial Intelligence)

    23 May 17:21| Last reply 25 May 16:42

    Reply from Jennifer Franco

    This month, I reviewed the worship links for the Eastern Orthodox Divine Liturgy from St. John the Baptist (see URL footnote), which was recorded 11 years ago.

    The YouTube description of the service that I saw said, this video was filmed from behind the Altar at St. John the Baptist Greek Orthodox Church in Tampa, FL. As I watched the video, I observed a service that appeared formal. While singing was heard in the background, the priest set up the altar. At the end of the first song, the priest raised his hands and prayed. As a second song began, the priest read from something that looked like a workbook, kissed what might have been a gold-plated replica of the Bible, and took deliberate steps to guide the church through a religious ceremony. Throughout the worship service, the priest offered specific chants, in English, to the local community and Christian followers, and to God, with the background choir repeating words in song after each prayer. The essence of the event took me back to visiting baroque-style Catholic churches in Germany, Spain, and Italy, where there is an air of reverence for tradition. Between each step in setting up for the sacrament, other men, even young boys, assisted the priest with various preparations for offering the sacrament; there were no women assistants. During the sacrament, the flow of worship consisted of the priest leading the congregation in prayer and then waving the spirit from the sacrament into the audience. The sermon, delivered by the same priest, centered on being prepared to take the sacrament as a gift offering, and the priest and his assistants knelt in prayer. The worship continued after the priest resumed chanting; thus, worship never ended, just paused momentarily. The entire worship service provided a time of appreciation (thanksgiving) for Christs life and sacrifice. The service closed with a reminder that the congregation is sanctified with Christ and that the church may depart in peace.

    Unlike the liturgy experience, I attend a church where the worship team plays contemporary worship songs, with a definite end at about 40 minutes into the service. The worship flow at my church feels more flexible to the needs of the audience and aligns to a theme for the service. If audience participation is required, the worship director will tell the audience what to say before going through the lyrics, a prayer, or sentiments of goodwill to one another, making it easy for non-churchgoers to enjoy the worship.

    This assignment offered me an opportunity to learn about liturgy. I think this approach, if routine, is beneficial because chants, prayers, and audience responses become second nature, so worship is not a distraction but rather a complement to glorifying God and Christ, who sanctified us. However, the routine can also be a distraction for those not familiar with this style of worship and for those who might be more worried about the performance element, making it harder to respond appropriately to a priest during worship.

    ——

    St. John The Baptist Greek Orthodox Church, Tampa, FL, Feb 13, 2015, virtual, May 13, 2026,

    3. Models of Worship

    (400 words for DB post) (Kate Turabian Format) (Footnotes are a must) (No Plagiarism) (No Use of Artificial Intelligence)

    17 May 21:25| Last edited 17 May 21:26| Last reply 25 May 19:31

    Reply from Christian Cepeda

    On May 17, 2026, at 8:00 a.m., I visited St. Pauls Episcopal Church in person. The church is located in Rochester, NY, and is part of the Episcopal denomination. Here is their website:

    The visit provided a meaningful opportunity to experience a style of worship that was very different from my church.

    One of the first things that stood out to me was the church building itself. The outside of the church had a historic appearance with beautiful stone architecture that immediately communicated tradition and reverence. Inside, the sanctuary was beautiful. There were stained glass windows, high ceilings, wooden pews, hymnals, an organ, crosses, and symbolic artwork throughout the building. I attended the service in a smaller side chapel connected to the main sanctuary, but even there, the atmosphere felt sacred and deeply rooted in history. Compared to my home church, which is modern and simple in design, this environment felt much more formal and symbolic.

    The worship service followed a highly structured and fixed liturgy. Every aspect of the service seemed carefully planned and written out beforehand. The prayers, responses, Scripture readings, and even moments of silence followed a script in which the congregation participated together. For example, during one prayer time, the deacon would say, Risen One, and the congregation would respond, Hear our prayer. The congregation also recited the Nicene Creed together and participated in communion as part of the liturgical flow. Unlike my own church, where there is room for spontaneous worship, exhortation, or prayer led by the Holy Spirit in the moment, this service left little room for improvisation. While my church also has structure, there is greater flexibility in how the service develops.

    Another observation was the demographic makeup and sense of community within the service. The early service I attended consisted mainly of around twenty to twenty-five older white adults. I was the only younger person present. Although the service itself felt quiet and somewhat rigid, the people I met were kind and welcoming. A woman named Swing invited me inside when I was unsure which entrance to use, sat with me during the service, and explained certain parts of the liturgy. After the service, another couple introduced themselves and encouraged me to return. This hospitality made me feel welcomed despite initially feeling somewhat out of place.

    The worship style itself was also very different from my home church. Music was minimal and mostly a cappella, with the organ only being used as people were dismissed. There was little outward emotional expression during worship, and participation centered more on spoken responses, Scripture readings, and communion. Technology was almost nonexistent aside from microphones used by the readers. In contrast, my church uses contemporary worship music, a worship team, and technology throughout the service.

    This visit taught me that worship can take many forms while still seeking to honor God faithfully. Although the Episcopal tradition was very different from my own, I appreciated the intentionality, reverence, and theological depth present throughout the service. I also gained a deeper appreciation for the value of liturgy and historical tradition in Christian worship. At the same time, the experience helped me recognize how much I value the balance of structure and spiritual spontaneity present within my own congregation. Overall, the visit broadened my understanding of the diversity within the body of Christ and reminded me that believers can worship God faithfully through different traditions and expressions.

  • Religion/Writing Rhetoric

    1. Seminar in Social Psychology

    (700 words) (APA citation) (in-text citations are a must) (No Plagiarism)

    Must cite this text: Swift, Jonathan. A Modest Proposal. The Broadview Anthology of Expository Prose, edited by Laura Buzzard, Don LePan, Nora Ruddock, and Alexandria Stuart, 3rd ed., Broadview Press, 2016, pp. 19-27.

    Concentration: Religious Studies

    In this writing assignment, youll choose one of the prompts below to respond to, based on your MA concentration or MFA specialization (Religious Studies).

    Literature: Add one entry to your Annotated Bibliography (3 single-spaced paragraphs 700 words total). Choose one of the Broadview readings for this week (Swift) and write an annotation that includes three short paragraphs: a summary of the text and assessment of the discourse community (audience), a brief craft analysis of the texts thematic concerns and/or stylistic or formal qualities in relation to any aspect of Naming Nonfiction, by Robert L. Root. Then reflect on any aspect of Swift to your own critical thinking.

    Begin a draft of your final analysis by either writing the first page or pages, or by including a draft of an outline, pre-thoughts on your topic and how you might structure your paper relying on the resources you have gathered so far. You may use five bullet points or number/letter system, a word cloud graphic, or you are free to record a three-to-five-minute recording of your thoughts.

    2. Seminar in Social Psychology

    (700 words) (APA citation) (in-text citations are a must) (No Plagiarism)

    Must cite this text: Wallace, David Foster. Consider the Lobster. The Broadview Anthology of Expository Prose, edited by Laura Buzzard, Don LePan, Nora Ruddock, and Alexandria Stuart, 3rd ed., Broadview Press, 2016, pp. 516-532.

    Concentration: Religious Studies

    In this writing assignment, youll choose one of the prompts below to respond to, based on your MA concentration or MFA specialization (Religious Studies).

    Literature: Add one entry to your Annotated Bibliography (3 single-spaced paragraphs 700 words total). Choose one of the Broadview readings for this week (Wallace) and write an annotation that includes three short paragraphs: a summary of the text and assessment of the discourse community (audience), a brief craft analysis of the texts thematic concerns and/or stylistic or formal qualities in relation to any aspect of Naming Nonfiction, by Robert L. Root. Then reflect on any aspect of Wallace to your own critical thinking.

    Begin a draft of your final analysis by either writing the first page or pages, or by including a draft of an outline, pre-thoughts on your topic and how you might structure your paper relying on the resources you have gathered so far. You may use five bullet points or number/letter system, a word cloud graphic, or you are free to record a three-to-five-minute recording of your thoughts.

  • discussion 3

    Module 3 Forum Posting – Post By End of Module (300 – 350 words) Aim For a Few Days Before End So Time To Respond To Other Posts

    1) Watch this Bible Project video about Peace or Joy (Choose 1). Peace – OR Joy- What stands out for you as it relates to the psychological/emotional lens and the search for happiness? (100-150 words)

    2) Watch this Bible Project video on Proverbs: How does it explain wisdom and what do you see in Jesus related to this kind of wisdom? (100-150 words)

    3) Respond positively to 2 postings. (50 words each)

    4) Email me with what grade realistically you are aiming for and will make you happy in this course.

    Post your word count.

  • CJ223 In christianity is it that we have only Adam and Eve o…

    In the bible it is known to us that God had created the first man Adam and then he created Eve the first woman to be the companion and spouse of Adam. But in some places we have seen that before Eve was created for Adam there was another woman named Lilith who left the Garden of Eden for Satan.

  • sejarah islam

    pada saat apa rasulullah menerima wahyu di gua hira dan jelaskan

  • Agama itu penting

    kenapa hampir di setiap negara mempunyai agama, dan mengapa agama itu sangat penting