Category: Research methods

Prepare Textbook: Carey, S. S. (2012). A beginner’s guide to scientific method (4th ed.). Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. Chapter 1 Science Chapter 2: Observation Prompt Answer the following Show That You Know questions for this unit: Discuss the roles that observation plays in scientific inquiry. Explain why is it crucial to define terms before making a set of observations. What role can comparative information play in the process of making a set of observations? Describe in detail how assumptions and hypotheses differ. What are the defining features of an extraordinary claim? Do extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence? The textbook’s author, Stephen Carey, indicated that scientists ask why patterns and/or phenomena occur. Discuss the point of view that scientists do not ask “why” but rather “how” patterns and phenomena occur. Important! The textbook readings are the primary sources for these questions, but you must also use internet research. In addition to the course textbooks, you must use at least one credible reference source found on the internet for each question response. Do not use quotations. Paraphrase and cite appropriately. Do not use sources such as Wikipedia, YouTube, or blogs, as they are not credible enough for college-level scholarly work. Procedure In APA format, write 250 words per question. Label each question. You may repeat the question and follow it with your response. The words of the question do not count toward the required 250. Include an APA-formatted title page and reference page See the Instructor Guidelines page for general writing requirements. Consider the grading rubric when planning your assignment.

Rough Draft Criteria Paper Requirements 2400 words Double Spaced Typed 12, Times New Roman font At least 5 resources are used APA Format APA format is correctly used throughout the paper. (Headers, Spacing, format, etc) Abstract Brief, 1 paragraph summarization of the paper topic. Narrative Thorough, detailed explanation of the research topic, planned proposal and justification for need of topic to be researched Conclusion Briefly summarizes paper and provides thoughtful conclusion to the topic This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeReferences and Citations A minimum of 5 credible references were used, cited correctly on the references page, and correctly cited throughout the paper. This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeTitle Page Included and formatted appropriately

PURPOSE OF & INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE ASSIGNMENT In various professions and fields, proposals are necessary for many reasons. Learning how to propose an idea, to research options, and to support your claim are valuable skills. The research proposal is a memo written to the respective audience in which you propose the solution to one of the outlined scenarios below. In each scenario, I have presented a problem, and your objective is to provide sufficient information about the problem AND provide a proposed solution to the problem. Information about proposals can be found in Chapter 18 of Howdy or Hello. Remember the main goals of a problem-solution-based proposal: to provide background information for the problem AND to persuade the audience that your solution to the problem is viable and approachable. Your finished proposal will be around three to five pages long. Submit a digital copy to Canvas before class on Tuesday, February 3, 2026. SCENARIOS Choose one of the following scenarios to complete your research proposal. Scenario 1 – Education. You have been chosen by your grade-level peers to serve on a new committee to revitalize and enhance the way in which your school provides grades on formative and summative assessments. As part of this committee, you have been tasked with developing a proposal in which you explain the flaws and/or problems with the current grading system (the standard A, B, C, D, & F system) AND propose an alternative solution to the flawed grading system. Your research proposal should be addressed to your principal, Mrs. Jane Hill. Scenario 2 – Business. You currently serve as the head of human resources at your company. Your company has seen a high turnover rate within the last 3 years due to various reasons. You have been tasked by the president of your company to develop a proposal in which you outline the problems associated with high turnover rates AND propose a solution to increase employee retention and decrease employee turnover. Your research proposal should be addressed to the company president, President John Cooper. Scenario 3 – Environment. You currently serve in your towns chamber of commerce. The chamber has noticed the lack of opportunities for healthy lifestyle choices within the community. You, along with the other chamber members, have been tasked with developing a proposal in which you outline the problems associated with living in a community that promotes an inactive, immobile lifestyle AND propose a solution to create a community that promotes a healthy, active lifestyle. Your research proposal should be addressed to the towns mayor, Mayor Sharon Lee. Scenario 4 – Nutrition. You currently work at a local restaurant as a server. One factor that you notice working in the restaurant industry is the complete waste of food that occurs due to various reasons. You would like to find some kind of alternative to simply throwing away perfectly unopened food. As a result, you decide to develop a proposal in which you examine the growing epidemic of food waste and food insecurity in society AND propose a solution to combat this problem, starting with your restaurant specifically. Your research proposal should be addressed to the local restaurant owner, Mr. Louis Buffet. Scenario 5 – Marketing. You are the Director of Marketing for a local retail store. While the store is doing okay on business and finances, the store owner wants to beef up the stores social media and marketing presence. As the Director of Marketing, you have been tasked with developing a proposal in which you examine the negative effects of little-to-no social media presence for a retail store AND propose a solution and promotional options to improve the stores social media presence. Your proposal should be addressed to your boss and the store owner, Ms. Lisa Sims. Scenario 6 – Community. You are currently the Community Education Specialist for your local Community Recreation and Involvement Complex (CRIC). The purpose of this complex is to provide a space for community members to interact through events and recreational activities. One age group that you notice does not frequent the events and activities is adolescents (ages 12-17). You would like to appeal to this age group. You have taken it upon yourself to develop a proposal to explain the negative impact that no community involvement has on people of this age group AND propose a solution to create more opportunities for this age group to become more involved in the Community and Involvement Complex. Your proposal should be addressed to the CRICs director, Ms. Amanda Evans. OVERVIEW OF TASKS Use the standard memo heading for this class (review Week 3 for refreshing) and write the proposal to your respective audience. The proposal will include the following parts (five with headings that have been provided) with the appropriate information in each part: Purpose Statement & Summary. State your purpose for writing the research proposal and provide a brief summary of what the proposal includes. (This paragraph will NOT have a heading.) Problem Overview (Heading). Discuss the exigence (or the problem) associated with the scenario. Explain the background that has caused the need for a possible solution. In addition, explain the current state of the problem and why it is something that your audience and others affected should care about finding a solution. You must integrate evidence from credible sources into this section of the proposal. This section of the memo will be contextually informative. Projected Solution (Heading). Once you have provided an overview of the problem, next you will present your solution to the problem to the audience. In this section of the proposal, you will explain the basics of your solution, convince the audience why your solution is viable and approachable, and explain the projected benefits of your solution. Your solution should be backed by evidence from credible sources in order to effectively convince your audience. Deliverables (Heading). After providing your solution, the audience will most likely want to know what the result will be once the project is finalized. In discussing deliverables, address the steps that you (and your team) will take in order to achieve the end goal. Essentially, in this section, you are describing the process executed in order to adhere to your proposed solution. Think to include factors such as the plan of implementation, timeline, budget, and smaller progress checkpoints and/or objectives. Conclusion (Heading). Provide a final summary and brief review of each section of your research proposal. The conclusion serves as the lasting impression and impact for your proposal. References (Heading). Write citations for your sources in APA style. You should cite at least three to five sources in your research proposal. Your sources must be considered credible by experts in the respective field. Ideally, your sources should come from the LA Tech Library Database because the sources are credible. CRITERIA FOR GRADING The proposal is worth 150 points. I will consider the following criteria when I grade your assignment. Professional presentation (document appearance) Clear sense of audience and purpose Strong content and development Convincing argument Clear organization (both of sections and of ideas) Effective use of research to support points Correct integration of sources Proper citations in both the in-text (parenthetical) citations and in the references section Correct grammar, usage, punctuation, mechanics, diction, and tone Adherence to the assignment guidelines

Instructions:

1.) Please rewrite/rephrase the information in the attachment.

2.) Do not change words in the attachment.

For this discussion, choose a qualitative research article from the American Sentinel College virtual library. Discuss the qualitative research design and the data collection methods that were used in the study. Discuss the advantages and limitations of the qualitative design and data collection methods that were used by the researchers. Consider the cultural diversity of the study participants as you write your discussion post. Share the DOI or permalink from the university library for your research article in your post (do not upload a PDF of the research article) 600 word count

Instructions: Annotated Bibliography

What youre turning in (Due 11:59 pm Feb. 8)

Submit an annotated bibliography to Blackboard that includes at least 5 peer-reviewed research articles. Each entry must include:

1. a full APA 7 reference (correctly formatted), and
2. an annotation (a short paragraph) that summarizes and explains how the article connects to your topic.

Think of this as your research foundation for the upcoming literature review.

Step-by-step process

1) Choose your 5 articles (minimum)

Pick articles that clearly relate to your topic and research question(s) later. Aim for:

• Peer-reviewed journal articles (not blogs, magazines, random websites)
• Mostly recent (often last 1015 years), plus any classic theory piece if needed
• Articles that represent different angles (e.g., different populations, methods, or key constructs)

Good databases for HDFS: PsycINFO, PubMed, ERIC, Sociological Abstracts, Google Scholar (with care).

2) Format the bibliography in APA 7

• Alphabetize by first authors last name.
• Use double spacing throughout (unless your instructor said otherwise).
• Use a hanging indent for each citation (first line flush left, next lines indented).
• Put the annotation directly under the citation (same entry).

3) Write the annotation for each article

Your annotation should usually be one well-developed paragraph (often ~150200 words).

Include these 3 parts (in this order works well):

A. Summary (What did they do and find?)

• Purpose/research question
• Sample (who, age range, N)
• Method/design (cross-sectional, longitudinal, experiment, qualitative, etc.)
• Key results (main findings, not every detail)

B. Evaluation (How strong/useful is it?)

• Strengths (e.g., longitudinal design, strong measures, diverse sample)
• Limitations (e.g., self-report, single site, cant infer causality)

C. Relevance (Why does it matter for YOUR project?)

• Which construct(s) it supports (e.g., parenting, stress, attachment, coparenting)
• How it helps your developing literature review or research questions
• Any gaps it reveals (e.g., missing populations, unclear mechanisms)

Example of an Annotated Bibliography Entry (APA + annotation) – Use this as an example but do NOT copy/paste.

Lastname, A. A., & Lastname, B. B. (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume(issue), pagepage. https://doi.org/xx.xxxx/xxxxx

Annotation:

In this study, the authors examined [topic] among [population] using [design/method]. The sample included [who, age, N], and key measures included [main variables]. Results indicated that [12 main findings]. A strength of this study is [strength], though a limitation is [limitation]. This article is relevant to my proposed topic because it supports the link between [construct A] and [construct B] and helps justify why [your outcome/relationship] matters in an HDFS context. It also highlights a need for additional research on [gap], which informs the direction of my research questions.

Common mistakes to avoid

• Not in APA format (missing hanging indent, incorrect journal formatting, missing DOI when available)
• Using non-peer-reviewed sources when the assignment expects journal articles
• Only summarizing without stating why it matters for your topic
• Too vague (This was interesting) instead of specific relevance (This supports X, informs Y)

Quick self-check before you submit

• At least 5 articles
• Entries are alphabetized
• Each entry has APA 7 citation + annotation
• Each annotation includes summary + evaluation + relevance
• Clean grammar, consistent tense, and professional tone

Pick an article of your choice that uses Quantitative Research Methods. It must be available from Galileo in FULL TEXT. It must be a peer-reviewed article. It must be less than five years old. Make sure the article has a STRONG technology emphasis or connection.

After reading the article, complete the attached Journal Article Analysis form.

Please make that study with Emirates airlines since i work in General Civil Aviation Authority. please dont go to organizations outside the united arab emirates and create the survey with someone because i dont have anyone to interview I will give him a name name him Mohammed. (Grading Rubric and Description in the attached)

1. Identify how organizations implement research methods in real-world international contexts.

Analyze data to draw insights into best practices and challenges in research methodologies

• Complete a survey or participate in an interview that will take approximately [X minutes].
• Answer questions related to your organization’s practices, challenges, and insights into research methods.

We answered the questions on a worksheet first and these are the answers to my questions below. I need a 300-600 Essay with these answers below. Under the answers will be the assignment for the essay. 1. Pseudoscience refers to claims that appear to be scientifically true but cant be proven through proper data or rigorous testing. The difference between proper science and pseudoscience is that proper science is self-corrected through observation, analysis, and experimental testing, while pseudoscience relies on personal experiences and anecdotes. Proper science, unlike pseudoscience, is systematic and organized, using empirical evidence and public verification to ensure findings are reliable. (*you could mention how proper science relies on systematic observation to test hypotheses. explain how proper science systematically tests hypotheses through observation and experimentation.) 2. Theories that can be tested through empirical observation and potentially proven false are considered falsifiable. Falsifiability is essential because, in proper science, theories are evaluated using evidence that can contradict and disprove them. In contrast, pseudoscientific claims are difficult or impossible to test because they are vague or unprovable. For example, personal beliefs such as faith healing involve outcomes that cannot be objectively tested or disproven. In medicine, however, treatments are rigorously assessed through controlled experiments, allowing scientists to determine their effectiveness. 3. The principle of falsifiability states that for a theory to be considered scientific, it must be testable and capable of being proven false through observation or experimentation. In Thomass story, the claims about animal telepathy are unfalsifiable because they rely on practices that block rejection. The fact that the photograph shown to the communicators was of a plastic tortoise should have demonstrated that communication was impossible, which ought to have falsified the telepathy claim. Instead, the communicators continued to assert that communication had occurred. Additionally, all the communicators provided different locations for the tortoise, meaning the predictions were inconsistent and not testable. Because the claims cannot be disproven and are protected by ad hoc explanations, they are not scientific but pseudoscientific. 4. Animal telepathy should be considered pseudoscience rather than proper science. Pseudoscience appears to be scientific but lacks falsifiability, testability, and public verification. Proper science relies on systematic methods, falsifiable hypotheses, and evidence that can be publicly verifiedstandards that animal telepathy does not meet. In the story, all communicators were shown a photograph of a tortoise and asked to locate it using telepathy, yet each reported a different location, and one even claimed he contacted a different tortoise with the same name. When the photograph was revealed to be of a plastic tortoise, the communicators did not abandon their claims. These inconsistencies show that animal telepathy is unreliable and cannot be empirically verified, confirming it is pseudoscience. Title of the essay: Is animal telepathy a legitimate scientific field or a form of pseudoscience? Discuss the story above(below) using your knowledge of the scientific method. Your discussion should focus only on the version of animal telepathy described in the passage above; do not introduce additional information about animal telepathy from external sources. You are, however, encouraged to read and cite scholarly references when discussing general concepts such as the scientific method, pseudoscience, and falsifiability. Your response should take the form of a short essay (300600 words). Make sure you provide appropriate citation using APA format if you include words that are not written by yourself. In your essay, address the following questions. Note that some overlap between questions is expected. If appropriate, you may address related questions within the same section of your essay. What is pseudoscience? How does pseudoscience differ from proper science? (Consider characteristics such as reliance on systematic empiricism, empirically solvable questions, and public verification.) What is falsifiability? Why is falsifiability an important criterion for distinguishing pseudoscience from proper science? (Refer to how scientific theories must be testable and able to be proven wrong by evidence.) Apply the concept of falsifiability to the story above. In our lecture, we discussed attitudes or practices that make claims unfalsifiable. Explain how these ideas are relevant to the story. Based on your analysis, explain whether animal telepathy (as described above) should be considered proper science or pseudoscience. Be sure to explicitly connect your argument to your responses to Questions 13. Here is the passage that the essay questions and essay is referencing to: Thomas, the founder of the Institute of Scientific Animal Communication, claims that humans can communicate directly with animals through telepathy. According to him, a trained animal communicator can sense an animals thoughts and emotions simply by looking at a photograph of the animal. He further claims that this ability applies to all animals, including insects, and that such humananimal communication can be explained using principles from quantum mechanics. In one investigation, a journalist asked five different animal communicators to contact his lost tortoise in order to determine its whereabouts. All five communicators were shown the same photograph, which was presented as an image of the missing tortoise. In reality, however, the photograph depicted a plastic tortoise figurine rather than a real animal. Despite this, all five communicators reported that the tortoise was still alive, and each provided a different account of its location. When the journalist later revealed that the photograph showed a plastic figure, one of the communicators suggested that he may have instead contacted a different tortoise with the same name.

Project topic: How to measure quality of education in the modern world?

What were trying to answer: Why is it so difficult to promote responsibility and accountability with SDGs?

1. Title Page:

• Include a descriptive and engaging title aligned with the chosen SDG. Be sure to use keywords in your title. (Read the article below to learn more about how one business journal suggests structuring title pages and topic choice.)
• Group members names, course name, and submission date.
• Read the following article to understand how keywords in a title page should be used in academic publishing considerations. Keywords allow for easier journal searches and search engine optimization (SEO).
• Colquitt, J. A., & George, G. (2011). Publishing in AMJPart 1: Topic choice. Academy of Management Journal, 54(3), 432435.

1. Executive Summary (1 page)

• Brief overview of the proposals purpose, scope, and key recommendations.

1. Introduction (1-2 pages)

• Background of the chosen SDG and its relevance in current global affairs.
• Problem background and context supported by evidence from peer-reviewed sources.

1. Problem Statement (1 page)

• Clearly define the specific problem or challenge within the SDG that the proposal addresses.
• Provide evidence-based discussion using peer-reviewed scholarly references.

1. Purpose of the Proposal (1 page)

• State the purpose of the proposal and its intended outcomes.

1. Theoretical and Conceptual Framework (2-3 pages):

• Apply relevant theories and frameworks discussed in class (e.g., resource-based view, systems thinking).
• Explain how these frameworks support the proposed solutions.

1. Research and Analysis (3-4 pages):

• Include a detailed, preferably, data-driven analysis of the problem using relevant statistics, case studies, or examples from current events.
• Discuss the implications of the findings

1. Proposed Solutions (3-4 pages)

• Develop innovative strategies or interventions to address the identified problem.
• Ensure alignment with the SDG and feasibility of implementation.

1. Conclusion and Recommendations (1 page)

• Summarize key insights, outcomes, limitations, and next steps.
• Provide actionable recommendations.

1. References (1-2 pages)

• A comprehensive list of 9-15 sources cited, following APA 7th edition guidelines. Do not list references unless you cited them in your paper.

It is a group project, we only need to do the part of

1. Purpose of the Proposal (1 page) :

• State the purpose of the proposal and its intended outcomes.

1. Theoretical and Conceptual Framework (2 pages):

• Apply relevant theories and frameworks discussed in class (e.g., resource-based view, systems thinking).