See attachment for assignment details and for case study

Textbook:

Werner, J. (2022). Human resource development: Talent development. (8th ed.). Cengage.

Full Editing Instructions for Preparing the Paper for Publication

1. Clarify the Core Theoretical Contribution (Most Important Edit)

Right now the paper describes many things, but it does not clearly state the central theoretical argument early enough.

You must clearly state:

What new theory are you offering to criminology?

The paper appears to argue:

1. Social inequality produces group formation in marginalized communities.
2. Groups labeled gangs are heterogeneous adaptive formations, not criminogenic entities.
3. Prison racial/cultural identities are shaped by community inequality and carceral governance, not simply racial sorting.
4. These groups develop collective governance and resistance strategies (e.g., hunger strikes).

Editing Instructions

Rewrite the final paragraph of the Introduction so that it clearly states:

The problem in existing scholarship

The gap in current literature

The new argument your paper advances

The empirical example used to illustrate it

Example structure:

Existing scholarship on prison group identities has largely interpreted these formations through frameworks of racial sorting or gang organization. While valuable, these perspectives often overlook the broader structural inequalities that shape how marginalized communities organize both inside and outside carceral institutions. In this article, we argue that group identities commonly labeled as gangs are better understood as heterogeneous adaptive responses to structural inequality. Drawing on historical developments in California prisons and the community context from which incarcerated individuals emerge, we demonstrate how inequality produces forms of collective organization that function as mechanisms of governance, resource management, and resistance rather than inherently criminogenic structures.

2. Remove Redundancy and Repetition

Large parts of the literature review repeat the same argument multiple times.

For example:

• The critique of the gang label
• The role of inequality
• The argument that groups are adaptive survival mechanisms

These points appear four or five times.

Editing Instructions

Condense repeated sections by:

Merging duplicated paragraphs

Removing repetitive sentences

Integrating arguments into one strong paragraph instead of multiple weaker ones

Example repetition occurs in:

Sections around pages:

• 78
• 1214
• 2325

You should reduce the literature review by 2030%.

3. Strengthen the Literature Review with Clear Theoretical Anchors

Right now the literature review lists many authors but lacks clear theoretical organization.

You need to organize it around major theoretical traditions.

Recommended Structure

Section 1 Structural Inequality and Crime

Include:

• W. E. B. Du Bois
• William Julius Wilson
• Robert Park
• Ernest Burgess
• Clifford Shaw
• Henry McKay

Explain how structural inequality produces spatial segregation and crime concentration.

Section 2 Subcultures and Adaptation

Discuss:

• Albert Cohen
• Elijah Anderson
• Philippe Bourgois

Frame groups as adaptive cultural responses.

Section 3 Critical Gang Studies

Discuss:

• David Brotherton
• Robert Weide
• Victor Rios
• Jennifer M. Ortiz

Explain how scholars challenge traditional gang frameworks.

Section 4 Prison Governance and Collective Organization

Include literature on prison governance and prison economies.

Possible references:

• David Skarbek
• Scott Decker
• David Pyrooz

4. Strengthen the Heterogeneity Argument

Heterogeneity is in the title but not sufficiently developed theoretically.

You must clearly explain:

What heterogeneity means in this context.

Examples of heterogeneity:

• Cultural variation within groups
• Differences in economic roles
• Variation across prison yards
• Differences between community and prison organization
• Strategic alliances between groups

Editing Instruction

Add a subsection titled:

Heterogeneity in Marginalized Group Formation

Explain that:

• groups are not uniform
• identities shift across contexts
• alliances emerge through necessity

5. Fix the Methods Section

The methods section currently reads like a reflection rather than a methodology.

You must clarify the research design.

Structure Needed

Research Design

Explain that the paper uses:

Historical analysis

Insider ethnographic insight

Secondary literature review

Data Sources

Specify:

• prison hunger strike documents
• academic literature
• historical prison events

Analytical Approach

Explain that you are conducting theoretical synthesis.

6. Reframe the Findings Section

The findings section currently reads like a narrative summary, not academic findings.

Instead organize findings around analytical themes.

Recommended Structure

Finding 1: Inequality Precedes Carceral Identity Formation

Finding 2: Prison Groups Function as Governance Structures

Finding 3: Collective Identity Enables Non-Violent Resistance

Finding 4: The Gang Label Produces Institutional Power

7. Integrate Historical Events More Clearly

The hunger strikes are central empirical examples.

You should emphasize:

2011 California Prison Hunger Strike

2013 California Prison Hunger Strike

Attica Prison Uprising

These events should be presented as empirical illustrations of your theoretical argument.

8. Remove Overly Normative Language

Some passages read like advocacy instead of scholarship.

Examples:

• these policies target culture not crime
• academics profit from gang narratives

These arguments can remain but must be phrased analytically rather than rhetorically.

Example rewrite:

Instead of:

These policies target culture not crime.

Write:

These policies frequently operate through cultural proxies that disproportionately target marginalized communities rather than addressing the structural roots of crime.

9. Strengthen the Conclusion

Your conclusion should do three things:

1. Restate the theoretical contribution2. Explain policy implications3. Suggest future research directions

Example themes:

prison governance

inequality and group formation

reforming gang validation policies

incorporating lived experience into criminological theory

10. Style Edits for Journal Standards

Academic journals expect:

shorter sentences

fewer rhetorical flourishes

tighter argumentation

Editing rules:

• Sentences under 25 words
• Avoid repetition
• Use precise terminology
• Remove filler phrases

Example:

Instead of:

In an increasingly interconnected and diverse world, the intricacies of group formation have never been more critical.

Write:

Understanding group formation is essential for explaining how inequality shapes social identities.

11. Formatting and Citation Corrections

Ensure:

consistent citation style (likely Harvard format)

remove incomplete references

verify page numbers

correct spelling errors

Examples needing correction:

• prisonsin CDCR
• Our goals is
• inreturn

12. Recommended New References to Strengthen Theory

Consider integrating:

• Loc Wacquant
• Didier Fassin
• Ruth Wilson Gilmore
• Michelle Alexander

These scholars strengthen structural inequality arguments.

13. Target Length

Your current manuscript appears to be about 10,00012,000 words.

For Theoretical Criminology, ideal length is:

8,0009,000 words

So you should:

condense literature review

tighten introduction

streamline findings

14. Title Improvement

Current title is long.

Suggested revisions:

Option 1

Social Inequality and the Formation of Carceral Group Identities: Why Heterogeneity Matters

Option 2

Inequality, Identity, and Governance: Rethinking Gang Formation in Communities and Prisons

15. Final Editing Checklist

Before submission ensure:

clear theoretical argument

literature organized into frameworks

methods clarified

findings analytical

language tightened

references consistent

word count reduced

Mid-Term Exam Instructions

Article for Review:

Read Ben & Jerry’s co-founder quits amid feud with parent company Unilever (September 25, 2025). Carefully analyze the issues raised in the article, which explores the negotiation conflict between Ben & Jerrys activist-minded board and Unilevers corporate leadership regarding business operations in Israeli settlements.

Questions:

Respond in detail to each of the following questions:

1. Negotiation Styles and Personality:
2. Drawing on Thompsons frameworks for understanding negotiation styles and personality, identify the distinct negotiation approaches exhibited by Ben & Jerrys board and Unilever in the conflict over selling products in Israeli settlements. How might differences in motivation and personality contribute to the escalation of their feud? Use examples from the article to support your answer.
3. Separating the People from the Problem:
4. Using Fisher’s principle of separating the people from the problem, analyze how the relationship between Ben & Jerrys founders and Unilever influenced the progression and public nature of their dispute. Give two concrete actions either party could have taken to separate interpersonal conflicts from the substantive business issue.
5. Dangers of Positional Bargaining:
6. According to Getting to Yes, why is bargaining over positions often counterproductive in contentious negotiations? Cite evidence from the Ben & JerrysUnilever case to illustrate the limitations of positional negotiation and how a focus on underlying interests could have facilitated a better outcome.
7. Emotional Management:
8. Thompson describes the importance of emotional management in contentious negotiations. Reflecting on Jerry Greenfields public statements and activism, evaluate how emotional displays affected the negotiation process and the broader stakeholder response. What strategies from Mind and Heart of the Negotiator chapter 5 could have helped moderate these effects?
9. Inventing Options for Mutual Gain:
10. Getting to Yes emphasizes inventing options for mutual gain. Propose two creative solutions that Ben & Jerrys board and Unilever might have considered to reconcile their differences while advancing both parties interests in social responsibility and corporate profitability. Justify your options with concepts from the assigned readings.

Submission Requirements:

• Your responses must be thorough and provide detailed, well-reasoned explanations for each question as well as supporting evidence.
• Submit your exam answers in correct APA format, including in-text citations as appropriate.
• Include a references section at the end of your submission with all works cited, in proper APA style.
• Organize your responses clearly, numbering each answer to match the questions above.

Academic Integrity:

Ensure all work is your own and that you cite all sources used per APA guidelines. Failure to do so may result in academic penalties.

Article:

Ben & Jerry’s co-founder quits amid feud with parent company Unilever

September 25, 2025 Jerry Greenfield, the co-founder and “brand ambassador” of Ben & Jerry’s ice cream, quit his position in September 2025 after a public feud with parent company Unilever. The disagreement centered on the company’s handling of the conflict in the Gaza Strip and its decision to sell its products in Israeli settlements.

The story traces back to July 2021 when the Ben & Jerry’s board, known for its social activism, announced it would stop selling its ice cream in the West Bank and Gaza. The board argued that selling the products there was “inconsistent with our values”.

However, the action caused a public rift with Unilever, which had acquired Ben & Jerry’s in 2000 while agreeing to preserve the brand’s social mission and the independence of its board on matters related to its social integrity. The conflict escalated into legal challenges and shareholder activism.

Feud comes to a head

In July 2022, Unilever sold its Israeli business, including the rights to Ben & Jerry’s brand, to Avi Zinger, the local licensee, to bypass the board’s decision. This sparked outrage among the Ben & Jerry’s founders and its activist supporters.

In response, Greenfield publicly voiced his opposition to Unilever’s actions, accusing the corporation of prioritizing profits over social justice. “The reality is that businesses are incredibly political,” Greenfield stated. “The average business is using its money to influence elections, and they’re using their money and their lobbyists to influence legislation”.

Greenfield’s departure highlights the tension that can arise when a large, publicly traded corporation attempts to integrate and manage an activist-minded subsidiary. The incident has also raised questions about whether corporations will continue to bow to political pressure or if other leaders will follow Greenfield in reaffirming their commitment to social justice.

Note from client “These are sources we use” I don’t provide the reading because you can ask AI about these reading.

“References

Fisher, R., Ury, W., & Patton, B. (2011). Getting to yes: Negotiating agreement without giving in (3rd ed.). Penguin Books.

Thompson, L. (2020). The mind and heart of the negotiator (7th ed.). Pearson.

Ben & Jerrys co-founder quits amid feud with parent company Unilever. (2025, September 25).

This assignment allows you to practice professional macro-level advocacy by writing a letter to an influencereither an elected official or an administrative professionalregarding a social policy issue. The goal is to communicate effectively, persuasively, and concisely while demonstrating your understanding of policys impact on social welfare and service delivery.

Learning Objectives:

By completing this assignment, you will:

• Apply CSWE Competency 5: Engage in Policy Practice by identifying and analyzing a policy at the local, state, or federal level.
• Demonstrate professional written communication that is concise, factual, and persuasive.
• Advocate for social change by making a specific, actionable request to a possible influencer.
• Integrate evidence-based reasoning and credible sources to support your argument.

Instructions:

1. Identify a social policy that impacts well-being, service delivery, or access to services.
2. Choose an appropriate person to influence (elected official or administrative personnel).
3. Draft a brief, professional letter using the EPIC framework:

• Engage: Introduce yourself and establish credibility.
• Problem: Clearly state the issue and its impact.
• Inform: Provide evidence and explain why the issue matters.
• Call to Action: Request a specific policy change or action.

1. Include references to credible sources (articles, reports, government documents).
2. Format your letter professionally with a proper salutation, subject line, and closing.

Requirements:

• Length: 12 pages (or equivalent for Canvas text entry)
• Tone: Professional, concise, and persuasive
• Citations: APA format for all references
• Submission: Upload as PDF, Word document, or enter text directly in Canvas

Evaluation:

Your letter will be graded on:

1. Professionalism and format
2. Policy knowledge and understanding
3. Persuasiveness and clarity
4. Application of EPIC framework
5. Use of credible evidence and references

here are my references (APA FORMAT)

Housing Choice Voucher Program (Section 8). (n.d.).

Public Housing and community Development director. (n.d.).

Policies and Procedures Manual. (n.d.).

Housing and Section 8. (n.d.).

Section 8 Administrative Plan for housing and community development. (2025). In Housing and Community Development, Housing and Community Development (pp. 2194) [Report].

MIAMI-DADE COUNTY PUBLIC HOUSING AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT. (2018). MIAMI-DADE COUNTY PUBLIC HOUSING AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY POLICIES (pp. 237).

No more than (2) pages double spaced. 12pt Times New Roman. Proper APA citations. Include a title page and a reference page. Please do not list the question in your paper. You can list the question number at the beginning of your answer.

All articles are to be from pubmed. I attached an example paper of what it should look and sound like. and then i attached my personal topic and some of the sources to use for it that my teacher picked for me along with my hypothesis which are about acetaminophen / tylenol.

MLA format

• READ ALL INSTRUCTIONS once again to be sure you have written your essay as required BEFORE final submission.
• Please review the texts, including: Introductions for essays, the documentation texts, and especially for the rhetorical strategy (or strategies) you have chosen, AND consider using the Checklist for essays (link below) and read the instructions and guidelines here in the submission area.
• Your essay should be approximately 750-1250 words (approx 3-5 pages), with at least 3 credible sources, at least one of which must be from the library database. Generally, this means at least one credible source for each point. Of course, more sources are always better.
• Your first para (the introduction) should explain the issue and its significance, engage the reader (make the reader feel compelled to read your argument), and explain clearly in your thesis what particular approach (i.e., strategy or strategies) you are using and the reason for it, and (most importantly) exactly what you are discussing and arguing (i.e., why these particular things).
• Remember: your thesis statement should be specific; do not say something like “many things,” “there are ways,” etc. Specifically, say something like “many important aspects,” “the major points,” etc.
• Your essay should address at least 3 significant points (but no more than 5) with proper supporting evidence and documentation to prove those points. One of the best approaches is to make a point, present evidence to support it, and then analyze that evidence to demonstrate to the reader just why the source evidence makes your points.
• At least one source must be from the library database.
• Your essay should at least acknowledge the opposition. Of course, if you can rebut it, thats even better.
• You should have a concluding paragraph that clearly summarizes your essay and references the argument presented in your thesis, possibly even leaving the readers with something to think about, a call to action, etc.
• You need to use MLA documentation, not APA. Refer to the texts in the documentation item (e.g., MLA guidelines, citing sources, or the OER on MLA) for the proper formatting of each source. Of course, using your Annotated Bibliography sources makes it easy.
• NOTE: the Library database has a cite this source area for each source it includes, and some websites have a cite this source area at the end of the article. Just be sure to pick MLA formatting (since the default formatting that will appear is APA).

A few additional points:

• You can use individual or personal examples to relate to the reader (i.e., pathos), but you must back these up with credible information.
• For ex: you use an example of a poor single mom you know struggling to feed her children; then you note that, according to the Dept…, approx 5,000 women are in the same situation in Maryland, etc.
• Be careful if arguing an issue yet developing; keeping current w/credible sources can be challenging.
• While sports, fashion, and cars are often popular comparison and contrast topics in many venues, I would avoid comparing two sports teams, two fashion designs, or two vehicles and concentrate on more weighty issues. You could, however, develop an argument @topics as whether todays fashion is more practical or professional than fashion of years ago or simply more costly; whether hybrid cars or traditional cars are actually better (e.g., initial cost, maintenance, fuel efficiency, environmental impact, usefulness to the average middle class family); or whether or not recent health or societal issues have positively or negatively affected areas like education, sports, business, etc.

PLEASE REMEMBER: if you attach a document, make sure it has been saved in WORD *.doc or *.docx or PDF format; if you use any other format, use copy and paste. If I cannot read it, I cannot grade it.

*** Use this area for your FINAL REVISED ESSAY ONLY. ***

I will grade the last submission as your masterpiece.

Your essay should include the following at the very beginning before any text (does not have to be a separate page):

<Title of your paper>

<your name>

<course name: EGL-1010, RD02>

<instructor name: Anthony DeBartolomeo>

<date, either the day it is due or the day you submitted it>