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  • Discussion Prompt: Chapter 4

    Assignment:Locate a Crime Analysis Product

    Using either:

    • The Textbook Product Bank (Canvas Files Reports), or
    • A credible online source (police department, crime analysis unit, government report),

    identify one sample crime analysis product that clearly represents your chosen analysis type.

    Examples may include:

    • Bulletins or BOLOs
    • Crime pattern alerts
    • Hot spot maps
    • Weekly crime trend reports
    • Compstat summaries
    • Annual crime reports or dashboards

    Write one well-developed paragraph that addresses the following:

    1. Product Classification
    • Clearly state why this product is an example of the crime analysis type you selected (crime intelligence analysis, tactical crime analysis, strategic crime analysis, or administrative crime analysis).
    1. Component Analysis
    • Identify at least three components of the product (e.g., time frame, data type, geographic focus, audience, purpose).
    • Explain how each component aligns with the chapters definition of that analysis type.
    1. Analytical Purpose
    • Briefly explain how this product would be used by police or decision-makers.

    Textbook:

    Crime Analysis with Crime Mapping

    • Author: Rachel B. Santos
    • Publisher: Sage Inc., 2022
    • Edition: 5th Edition
    • Chapter: 4

  • Organization Growth Plan

    For this assignment, you will prepare a written document that develops a plan for an organizations growth based on The Five Stages of Small Business Growth. Please follow the instructions below and ask your professor if you have any questions. Your document should be in either .docx or .doc format and should follow APA formatting guidelines. For guidance about APA formatting, click the Student Resources link on the course Home page, then click Academic Support.

    Please make sure to review the grading rubric for this assignment.

    Instructions

    For this assignment, you will prepare a plan for an organization’s growth based on the Five Stages of Small Business Growth. Use your own experience or refer to the resources included in the Lesson as you complete this assignment.

    1. Choose any organization (for-profit or non-profit) for this assignment. Any organization (for-profit or non-profit) can be used for this assignment (your own organization, a previous employer, your own business, etc.).
    2. Develop a document containing a plan for the organizations growth based on The Five Stages of Small Business Growth.
    3. In your plan, discuss each stage listed below as it relates to the organization, and include the steps the organization should take at each stage to advance to the next stage:
    • Growth through creativity
    • Growth through direction
    • Growth through delegation
    • Growth through coordination
    • Growth through collaboration
    1. Your document must meet the following requirements:
    • Document must be seven (7) to (10) pages in length not counting the cover sheet and references.
    • Document must comply with APA writing requirements.

    Attached Files (PDF/DOCX): module 6 discussion board.docx, module 6 assignment.docx

    Note: Content extraction from these files is restricted, please review them manually.

  • Business Plan 30, 60, 90

    Please update per notes here to reflect my resume and my key performances / skills and achievements.

    Specifically –

    One piece of strategic advice: since youre not in the seat yet, Id pull back on proposing specific numbers like revenue targets or meeting counts. If Kevins expectation is 30 meetings and you propose 15, it might unintentionally signal a gap in activity. Conversely, if you propose 40, it might look like you don’t understand the complexity of the sale yet.

    Instead, keep the plan focused on your process and coachability. High-level goals like mastering the CRM, shadowing top performers, and aligning with Kevins specific methodology are “safe wins.”

    What is most important is continuing to provide measurable and documentable results from your past work. If you haven’t already, sit down and write a list of all your achievements. As a sales manager, hes going to want to hear what you have done; you can then use this plan as a general bridge. Remember, since Kevin is tasked with leading sales, youll ultimately be implementing his plan. Use this document to show youre a high-performance engine ready for him to get behind the wheel.

    To show him you are data-driven without overstepping, I recommend including these “Discovery & Alignment” questions in your plan or notes to ask him during the interview:

    On Activity: “Based on your most successful reps, what is the ‘golden ratio’ of prospecting activities to booked meetings youd like to see?”

    On Strategy: “What do you consider the primary ‘leading indicator’ of success in this territoryis it the volume of new leads or the velocity of deals moving through the funnel?”

    On Methodology: “Ive outlined my approach to training; are there specific methodologies or ‘Kevin-isms’ I should prioritize mastering in my first 30 days?”

    On Reporting: “How do you prefer to see your reps report on weekly progress? I want to ensure my documentation style aligns with your visibility needs.”

    On Team Contribution: “Once Ive integrated into the workflow, what is the biggest challenge the region is facing that I can help take off your plate?”

    Attached Files (PDF/DOCX): Spady Nicolle – 30 60 90 GUIDE.pdf, Nicolle Spady Resume 2026.docx, Penn FS job description.docx

    Note: Content extraction from these files is restricted, please review them manually.

  • Becoming an effective values based leader

    There are links associated with this task. They are the following:

    https://lrps.wgu.edu/provision/523806204 (List of Values)

    https://lrps.wgu.edu/provision/202901832 (VIA Character Strenghts Survey)

    There are also docs uploaded to this that you will need to use.

    Competencies

    3109.1.1 : Develops Self-Awareness and Personal Values

    The learner identifies their personal values, including honesty, integrity, respect, emotional intelligence, and ethical responsibility, to develop self-awareness through self-assessment.

    3109.1.2 : Describes How Interpersonal Skills Are Applied in Leadership

    The learner describes how interpersonal skills are applied to effectively collaborate, communicate, and lead within a team and across an organization.

    3109.1.4 : Explains Leadership of Cultures

    The learner explains how the leadership of cultures fosters diversity, inclusion, ethics, and problem-solving.

    Introduction

    Values-based leaders consider their values in every facet of leadership. Values dictate how they lead, govern culture, make decisions, develop employees, and measure performance, as well as a variety of other applications. Yet challenges arise that can sometimes entice leaders to compromise their values. For this task, you will use the provided scenario in which you assume the role of the newly promoted customer service manager for Corollary Marketing Inc. and complete tasks that will help you to develop as an effective values-based leader.

    Corollary Marketing Inc. Company Values:

    Excellence: In character, decision-making, and service to our clients and customers, we strive for distinction and actions of which we can be proud. Each of the following values contributes to this overriding charge.

    Integrity: We do the right thing, regardless of whether someone is watching. Our word is our bond; we carry a duty of care and responsibility to act ethically.

    Humility: We conduct our work without our egos. Our actions embody respect, humility, authenticity, and openness and invite feedback and input. We actively seek ideas and feedback from employees and value every voice and contribution.

    Trust: We extend the belief and feeling that others can be relied upon. We strive to be trustworthy by showing compassion and consistency and by communicating with care and truthfulness. We are authentic and transparent.

    Growth: Our best today may not be good enough tomorrow, and we continually seek to improve. Both personally and professionally, we aim to accelerate employee learning so that we can become better able to meet customer and company needs.

    Respect: We believe that each person (employee, customer, vendor, etc.) has value and rights. We act based on facts and always assume positive intent. We celebrate the differences in people and seek to utilize each persons unique knowledge, skills, abilities, and perspectives.

    Scenario

    Refer to the “D253 Task 1 Scenario” supporting document to complete this performance assessment.

    Requirements

    Your submission must represent your original work and understanding of the course material. Most performance assessment submissions are automatically scanned through the WGU similarity checker. Students are strongly encouraged to wait for the similarity report to generate after uploading their work and then review it to ensure Academic Authenticity guidelines are met before submitting the file for evaluation. See for more information.

    Grammarly Note:

    Professional Communication will be automatically assessed through Grammarly for Education in most performance assessments before a student submits work for evaluation. Students are strongly encouraged to review the Grammarly for Education feedback prior to submitting work for evaluation, as the overall submission will not pass without this aspect passing. See for more information.

    Microsoft Files Note:

    Write your paper in Microsoft Word (.doc or .docx) unless another Microsoft product, or pdf, is specified in the task directions. Tasks may not be submitted as cloud links, such as links to Google Docs, Google Slides, OneDrive, etc. All supporting documentation, such as screenshots and proof of experience, should be collected in a pdf file and submitted separately from the main file. For more information, please see

    You must use the rubric to direct the creation of your submission because it provides detailed criteria that will be used to evaluate your work. Each requirement below may be evaluated by more than one rubric aspect. The rubric aspect titles may contain hyperlinks to relevant portions of the course.

    A. Complete the VIA Character Strengths Survey using the “VIA Character Strengths Survey” web link and use the results of the survey to complete the following:

    Note: Remember that this VIA Character Strengths Survey is not a test but rather a feedback tool. There is no wrong answer, so respond genuinely. If you download a copy of your survey results, you will receive a list of 24 items in order of your personal strengths, with the first five being your signature strengths and the last five being your lesser strengths. Refer to the attached “D253 VIA Character Strength Survey Instructions” supporting document for additional information on accessing the survey.

    1. Describe an experience in which you used one of your five signature strengths (i.e., the first five) from the survey results to overcome a challenge.

    Note: Consider experiences from a school, volunteer, personal, or professional setting.

    a. Explain how you could apply the strength identified in part A1 as a values-based leader in your new position as the customer service manager from the scenario.

    2. Describe an experience in which being stronger in one of your five lesser strengths (i.e., the last five) from the survey results could have positively influenced the outcome.

    Note: Consider experiences from a school, volunteer, personal, or professional setting.

    a. Explain how improving the lesser strength identified in part A2 will help accelerate your values-based leadership abilities in your new position as the customer service manager.

    b. List three actions you can take to grow in the area identified in part A2.

    B. To set the tone for your new team, explain to them who you are as a values-based leader by doing the following:

    1. List your top three values as a values-based leader from the “” web link.

    Note: When listing your top three values, consider those values you hold most important.

    a. Explain how you will demonstrate each of the values listed in part B1 to serve both the team and the organization in the scenario.

    C. Based on your understanding of who you are as a leader after completing parts A and B, do the following:

    1. Discuss one leadership challenge relevant to ethics and values that you could face as the new customer service manager regarding selecting and announcing the new team lead.

    Note: Consider your purpose as a new leader, ethical principles, relevant stakeholders, your expectations and point of view, and any assumptions you have made.

    2. Discuss how you, as the customer service manager, would use one of your top three values from part B1 and one of the companys values in a conversation about the hiring decision with the person who was not selected as the team lead.

    Note: Consider values, ethical responsibility, and personal and professional consequences.

    D. Acknowledge sources, using in-text citations and references, for content that is quoted, paraphrased, or summarized.

    E. Demonstrate professional communication in the content and presentation of your submission.

    File Restrictions

    File name may contain only letters, numbers, spaces, and these symbols: ! – _ . * ‘ ( )

    File size limit: 200 MB

    File types allowed: doc, docx, rtf, xls, xlsx, ppt, pptx, odt, pdf, csv, txt, qt, mov, mpg, avi, mp3, wav, mp4, wma, flv, asf, mpeg, wmv, m4v, svg, tif, tiff, jpeg, jpg, gif, png, zip, rar, tar, 7z

    Rubric

    A1:

    Not Evident

    The submission does not include a description of an experience in which the learner used 1 of the five signature strengths from the survey results.

    Approaching Competence

    The description of an experience in which the learner used 1 of the five signature strengths from the survey results is not appropriate, or the description does not include details about the experience. Or the description does not relate to overcoming a challenge.

    Competent

    The description of an appropriate experience in which the learner used 1 of the five signature strengths from the survey results is relevant and includes details about the experience in which the learner used 1 of the five signature strengths from the survey results to overcome a challenge.

    A1a:

    Not Evident

    The submission does not include an explanation of how the strength identified in part A1 could be applied.

    Approaching Competence

    The explanation of how the strength identified in part A1 could be applied is not plausible, does not relate to the application of the strength as a values-based leader in the new position as customer service manager, or does not include details from the scenario.

    Competent

    The explanation of how the strength identified in part A1 could be applied is plausible, relates to the application of the strength as a values-based leader in the new position as customer service manager, and includes details from the scenario.

    A2:

    Not Evident

    The submission does not include a description of a learner experience relevant to lesser strengths.

    Approaching Competence

    The description of a learner experience is relevant to the results of the VIA Character Strengths Survey but does not address how being stronger in one of the lesser strengths could have positively influenced the outcome.

    Competent

    The description of a learner experience is relevant to the results of the VIA Character Strengths Survey and addresses how being stronger in one of the lesser strengths could have positively influenced the outcome.

    A2a:

    Not Evident

    The submission does not include an explanation of how improving in the area identified in part A2 will help accelerate the learners leadership abilities in the new position as customer service manager.

    Approaching Competence

    The explanation of how improving in the area identified in part A2 will help accelerate the learners leadership abilities in the new position as customer service manager is not relevant to values-based leadership abilities.

    Competent

    The explanation of how improving in the area identified in part A2 will help accelerate the learners values-based leadership abilities in the new position as customer service manager is relevant to values-based leadership abilities.

    A2b:

    Not Evident

    The submission does not list 3 actions to help an individual grow in any area.

    Approaching Competence

    The submission lists 3 actions, but 1 or more actions would not help an individual grow in the area identified in part A2.

    Competent

    The submission lists 3 actions that would help an individual grow in the area identified in part A2.

    B1:

    Not Evident

    The submission does not include a list of any values.

    Approaching Competence

    The list only includes 12 of the learners top values as a values-based leader, or 1 or more values are not from the “List of Values” web link.

    Competent

    The list includes 3 of the learners top values as a values-based leader from the “List of Values” web link.

    B1a:

    Not Evident

    The submission does not include an explanation of how the values listed in part B1 will be demonstrated.

    Approaching Competence

    The explanation of how the learner will use the values listed in part B1 is not relevant to serving both the team and organization in the scenario. Or the explanation does not relate to each of the values listed in part B1.

    Competent

    The explanation of how the learner will use each of the values listed in part B1 to serve both the team and organization in the scenario uses specific details and is related to each of the listed values.

    C1:

    Not Evident

    The submission does not include a discussion of a leadership challenge.

    Approaching Competence

    The discussion of the leadership challenge is not relevant to the new customer service manager selecting and announcing the new team lead as described in the scenario or is not relevant to ethics and values.

    Competent

    The discussion of the leadership challenge is relevant to the new customer service manager selecting and announcing the new team lead as described in the scenario and is relevant to ethics and values.

    C2:

    Not Evident

    The submission does not include a discussion of how the learner, as the customer service manager, would use 1 personal value identified in part B1 and 1 company value in a conversation with the person who was not selected as team lead.

    Approaching Competence

    The discussion of how the learner, as the customer service manager, would have a conversation about the hiring decisions with the person who was not selected as the team lead does not address 1 personal value identified in part B1 or 1 company value. Or the discussion is not relevant to the hiring decision.

    Competent

    The discussion of how the learner, as the customer service manager, would have a conversation about the hiring decision with the person who was not selected as the team lead includes 1 personal value identified in part B1 and 1 company value.

    D:

    Not Evident

    The submission does not include both in-text citations and a reference list for sources that are quoted, paraphrased, or summarized.

    Approaching Competence

    The submission includes in-text citations for sources that are quoted, paraphrased, or summarized and a reference list; however, the citations and/or reference list is incomplete or inaccurate.

    Competent

    The submission includes in-text citations for sources that are properly quoted, paraphrased, or summarized and a reference list that accurately identifies the author, date, title, and source location as available.

    E:

    Not Evident

    This submission includes pervasive errors in professional communication related to grammar, sentence fluency, contextual spelling, or punctuation, negatively impacting the professional quality and clarity of the writing. Specific errors have been identified by Grammarly for Education under the Correctness category.

    Approaching Competence

    This submission includes substantial errors in professional communication related to grammar, sentence fluency, contextual spelling, or punctuation. Specific errors have been identified by Grammarly for Education under the Correctness category.

    Competent

    This submission includes satisfactory use of grammar, sentence fluency, contextual spelling, and punctuation, which promote accurate interpretation and understanding.

    Attached Files (PDF/DOCX): D253 VIA Character Strength Survey Instructions.pdf, D253 Task 1 Scenario.docx

    Note: Content extraction from these files is restricted, please review them manually.

  • I need a letter of recommendation

    This is the Rubric and NO AI please, I need a report attached

    Rubric:

    Criteria Excellent (90-100) Good (75-89) Satisfactory (60-74) Needs Improvement (0-59)
    Structure & Format Letter follows formal business format with correct layout, proper salutation, and closing. Letter has minor formatting issues but generally follows business letter format. Letter has some formatting issues. Letter does not follow business letter format.
    Content & Relevance Includes a clear, concise introduction, body, and conclusion, with relevant examples linked to course content. Content is mostly relevant, with some missing details or slight deviations from course concepts. Content lacks depth, with minimal reference to course materials. Content is poorly developed or off-topic, lacking references to course materials.
    Use of Course Concepts Demonstrates a strong understanding and integration of concepts from weeks 1 and 2, including leadership, communication, and business ethics. Incorporates course concepts well but lacks full depth or clear application. Limited application of course concepts with only surface-level understanding. No clear connection to course materials or concepts.
    Professionalism Highly professional tone, clear language, no errors. Professional tone with minor grammatical or typographical errors. Occasional errors in tone or language, but generally professional. Unprofessional tone, with frequent errors or unclear language.
    Self-Reflection Thoughtful and detailed reflection on how course concepts were applied. Reflection is clear but lacks depth or specific examples. Basic reflection with minimal connection to course concepts. No or very weak reflection on course concepts.

    Requirements: about 1.5 pages

  • Applying Leadership and Management Principles

    The purpose of this assignment is to analyze the various approaches nursing leaders employ when addressing issues in practice.

    Select an issue from the following list: workplace violence, workplace injury, unit restructuring, floating, nurse turnover, nurse staffing ratios, or use of contract employees (e.g., registry and travel nurses).

    In a 1,000- to 1,250-word paper, discuss the following:

    1. Describe the issue you selected. Provide data to support how this issue impacts the quality of care in the setting in which it occurs.
    2. Using research evidence for support, present one possible solution that could be implemented to address the issue. In your discussion, be sure to include financial considerations as they relate to implementation of the solution.
    3. Select the most appropriate leadership style to address the issue. Provide a rationale for your choice and compare this style to your personal leadership style.
    4. Compare two different leadership theories that could be applied to resolve the issue. Explain how each theory would be effective in addressing the issue.
    5. Explain the nurse’s role within an interdisciplinary team in promoting patient quality and safety while fostering professionalism to address this issue.

    You are required to cite a minimum of three sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the last 5 years, appropriate for the assignment criteria, and relevant to nursing practice.

    Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

    This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

    You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Class Resources if you need assistance.

    Attached Files (PDF/DOCX): NRS-415 Rubric – Benchmark – Applying Leadership and Management Principles.pdf

    Note: Content extraction from these files is restricted, please review them manually.

  • Surrogate pregnancy: Should it be used ondemand or due to he…

    Topic: Surrogate pregnancy: Should it be used ondemand or due to health problems?

    Attached Files (PDF/DOCX): Argument Research Paper Outline Worksheet (1).docx

    Note: Content extraction from these files is restricted, please review them manually.

  • Sustainability practices in business, social justice, and en…

    Overview In this course, you have continued to explore how sustainability can be considered in various contexts and within the three pillars of business, social justice, and environmental quality. You will explore these pillars further throughout the rest of the course and will incorporate your knowledge about them into your project. In the Module Three project draft, you began working on your project by examining a chosen scenario and considering sustainable practices and actionable steps related to the scenario. You drafted Part One of the project. Now, for this Module Five project draft, you will draft Part Two and Part Three of the project. Directions First, consult the Project Guidelines and Rubric to review the scope of the project. Also consult the Scenario Profiles document to review the scenario you chose for the Module Three project draft. You will use the same scenario for this Module Five project draft and for the project. Note: You can find the Project Guidelines and Rubric and the Scenario Profiles document in the assignment information section of this course. Then, based on your chosen scenario, respond to each part below by completing the corresponding sections in the Project Template. You can find the link to the Project Template in the What to Submit section of this assignment. Specifically, you must address the following: Profile (Corresponds with Part Two of the project) In this section, you will use a profile related to your chosen group to consider how organizations or groups mentioned in the profile have improved (or not improved) their sustainability practices. The profile is provided in the Scenario Profiles document, which you can find in the assignment information section of this course. Describe the value of sustainability practices in human and environmental systems. What are the short-term benefits of implementing sustainable practices in your chosen groups related profile? What are the long-term benefits of implementing these sustainable practices? Explain the relationship between sustainable systems and human equity in the context of the related profile. In what ways did your profile highlight the relationship between sustainable practices and human equity? Describe how conflict resolution is used in the profile to support sustainability. What examples of conflict resolution were evident in your profile? How were the conflicts resolved (or not) in your profile? How did resolving conflicts impact sustainable practices? Explain how cultural systems relate to sustainability within the profile. What cultural systems were predominant in your profile? What role did culture play in sustainability efforts in your profile? Actionable Steps (Corresponds with Part Three of the project) In this section, you will focus on describing actionable steps related to sustainability for your chosen group. To do this, you will highlight the current state of your chosen groups sustainability practice and then describe actionable steps for each pillar of sustainability. Explain why sustainability improvement is needed in your chosen group. What areas of sustainability are needed in your chosen group? What are the benefits for your chosen group if they improve sustainability practices? Describe how the perspectives of the various stakeholders of your chosen group provide a context to improve sustainability practices related to the concerns of the group. How do the perspectives within the group influence efforts made to improve sustainability practices? Explain how cultural diversity in your chosen group can be of value in addressing sustainability issues. Recommend actionable steps your chosen group could take for each pillar of sustainability. Reflect on what you know about your chosen group and sustainability. What are some actions that could be taken to improve sustainability? For each pillar of sustainability, what are some benefits of improving sustainability practices within your chosen group? What to Submit To complete this assignment, you must submit the following: Submit your Project Template for grading. You will resubmit the same Project Template you used to complete your Module Three Project Draft One, with the work done for this assignment, Module Five Project Draft Two, included in Parts Two and Three of the template. No revisions to the work done in Part One of the template are expected at this time. Additionally, no sources are required. However, if you choose to use sources, they should be cited according to APA style. Although Brightspace allows the addition of video notes in assignment submissions, you may not use the Video Note tool to complete this assignment. Supporting Materials The following resources will support your work on this assignment: Scenario Profiles This resource contains profiles for each scenario of the project. Project Guidelines and Rubric This resource provides an overview of the project, along with specific criteria you must address. Module Five Project Draft Two Rubric Criteria Meets Expectations (100%) Partially Meets Expectations (75%) Does Not Meet Expectations (0%) Value Profile: Value of Sustainability Practices Describes the value of sustainability practices in human and environmental systems Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include a more detailed description of the value of sustainability practices or how these practices support efforts towards a more sustainable future Does not attempt criterion 11.25 Profile: Relationship Explains the relationship between sustainable systems and human equity in the context of the related profile Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include a clearer or more thorough explanation of the relationship between sustainable systems and human equity Does not attempt criterion 11.25 Profile: Conflict Resolution Describes how conflict resolution is used in the profile to support sustainability Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include a more detailed description of how conflicts were resolved to support sustainability Does not attempt criterion 11.25 Profile: Cultural Systems Explains how cultural systems relate to sustainability within the profile Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include a clearer or more thorough explanation of how cultural systems relate to sustainability within the case study Does not attempt criterion 11.25 Actionable Steps: Sustainability Improvement Explains why sustainability improvement is needed in the chosen group Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include a clearer or more thorough explanation of the areas of sustainability improvement needed Does not attempt criterion 11.25 Actionable Steps: Context Describes how the perspectives of the various stakeholders of the chosen group provide a context to improve sustainability practices related to the concerns of the group Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include a more detailed description of how the policies and vision of the chosen group relate to the recommendations Does not attempt criterion 11.25 Actionable Steps: Cultural Diversity Explains how cultural diversity in the chosen group can be of value in addressing sustainability issues Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include a clearer or more thorough explanation for how cultural diversity can add value in sustainability practices Does not attempt criterion 11.25 Actionable Steps: Recommendations Recommends actionable steps the chosen group could take for each pillar of sustainability Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include a more detailed description of the sustainability recommendations for each pillar Does not attempt criterion 11.25 Clear Communication Consistently and effectively communicates in an organized way to a specific audience Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but communication is inconsistent or ineffective in a way that negatively impacts understanding Shows no evidence of consistent, effective, or organized communication 10 Total:

  • Discussion Silent Period

    When administrators enter an integrated classroom that includes ELL students, they notice the ELL students are quiet and assume, usually incorrectly, that they are not participating.

    As the classroom teacher, how would you describe the silent period to an administrator, justify your decision to allow an ELL student to sit quietly in the classroom, and convince the administrator that this silent period is actually a time of active learning for ELL students?

    Requirements: 1-2 paragraphs

  • topic proposal

    Research project questions (you are NOT answering all of these questions in this proposal):

    How is social change possible through law, including Supreme Court decisions and legislative action? What was or is the social problem? What kind of legal remedy did activists seek? What happened? Did the legal remedy address the problem? What legal change or policy can help cement the remedy? What are some advantages and disadvantages to effecting social change through law?

    You’ll be addressing these questions over the course of the research project. You are not answering all of them now. You’ll work on the project in smaller chunks, answering two or three of these questions at each step. The first step of the project is identifying the topic.

    What’s a good topic? How should I start?

    In the second half of the semester, we’ll be examining a number of examples that will allow us to explore the questions posed above. They include: voting rights, abortion and reproductive rights, same-sex marriage, desegregation in schools, and affirmative action. You can choose one of these examples and dig deeper than the course does. You can choose a topic not covered in the course. Students have examined a range of non-course topics, including disability rights, fire safety, and workers’ compensation. To get a sense of what might be appropriate, you might want to take a look at the topics covered in the course.

    To help you get started, I’ve made the modules in the 2nd half of the course available – in DRAFT form. That is, you’ll see most of the assigned readings, videos, lectures, etc. These modules may or may not be edited when we get to that week in the semester. Take a look at them for topic ideas – especially if you decide to choose one of them.

    Logistical Requirements:

    1. Create a Google Doc and share it with me: leecatheriney@gmail.com. Give me “Editor” access. Please, do NOT send me an email notification. Begin and finish your essay in Google Doc. This includes all notes, outlines, and drafts. I need to be able to see your work progress in Google Doc’s history.
    2. When you’ve completed your essay, copy and paste the Google Doc hyperlink at the top of the essay.
    3. Copy and answer the following Honors Pledge and questions regarding Grammerly and reference sources. These statements MUST be included at the top of your assignment, below the Google Doc hyperlink. Failure to do this will result in an incomplete for the assignment.
    4. On my honor, I [State Your Name] have neither received nor given any unauthorized assistance on this essay project, including the use of AI programs such as ChatGPT.
    5. Did you use Grammerly, Google Translate, or other similar tools (editing or translation)? If yes, explain. Please note, you may use Grammerly to check your paper for grammatical errors AFTER you have written your assignment.
    6. If you did not use an AI tool, how did you identify your references? E.g., did you use a library database, Google Scholar, etc.?
    7. Download a PDF of the essay and upload this file to Canvas. This is the version I will read and grade. However, I must have access to your Google Doc file for the rest of the semester. (You will be adding to this file in subsequent assignments).

    Documenting AI Use for Generating Scholarly Sources

    1. At the end of the References section, state the AI tool used. Copy and paste your prompt(s) and the output selections you chose from the AI-generated suggestions.
    2. Include full citation, including links, in the list of References.
    3. Please note: you are NOT allowed to use any AI-generated text, including source summaries, in the proposal or the annotation/description of the reference sources you select.

    Substantive Requirements:

    SUBMIT: topic proposal, list of five references (minimum) with brief description, and three scholarly references fully annotated

    1. Write 400 to 500 words, describing your topic. You need to explain what the social problem requiring legal action was. For example, if your topic is voting rights, the social problem would have been the denial of voting rights (through intimidation and violence), especially for Black Americans prior to the Voting Rights Act of 1965. If your topic is abortion rights, the problem for advocates was the medical and social harm women experienced (deaths from unsafe abortion e.g.) that the lack of abortion rights created.
    2. Provide a list of at least five references (see below for what counts as an acceptable reference) with a brief explanation (one or two sentences) for each reference, explaining why you’ve selected the source. Be sure to use a clear citation style (any). All relevant information, including a link to the source, must be included. See any citation style (APA, MLA, etc.) for details. I ask you to do this, because students sometimes select articles or books that sound relevant based on the title. Unfortunately, the pieces can turn out to be irrelevant. So spend at least 5-10 minutes on each article or book and see why or how it might be relevant for you. Does the article/book provide background history? Does the article/book explain current legal challenges? Does the article/book discuss the activists and their strategies?
    3. Read and annotate at least three of your sources. I strongly suggest that you read and annotate at least one scholarly source that provides a solid historical overview of your topic. Mark a PDF version of the source you are reading or create a PDF of a hard copy you have marked. Submit these three PDFs (as three separate files or one long file) along with your topic statement and list of references.

    When you refer to an idea/argument or have a direct quote, you MUST cite your source(s), including the relevant page number(s), when relevant. This is an important way to demonstrate you’ve done the research. Keep track of your notes, facts, direct quotes, etc. for this and future assignments. You can keep a running list of these notes in your Google Doc at the end of your proposal to demonstrate your work. I highly recommend this.

    References

    • References can include scholarly journal articles, scholarly books, news articles, documentaries, or podcasts. At least three of your five sources need to be scholarly articles and/or books. Course materials can be included. However, at least three new references must be included. To be clear: you need a minimum of three scholarly sources, and three of your references need to be new (not from the modules). You need a minimum of five sources in total.
    • If you select a topic covered in the course, I strongly encourage you to look at the materials included in the relevant module, especially the scholarly sources.
    • Be sure to use a clear citation style (APA, MLA, etc.). All relevant information, including a link to the source, must be included.

    What does NOT count as a reference source or as a scholarly source?

    • Legal summaries offered through sites like oyez.com do NOT count toward the minimum number of sources. These summaries are helpful for understanding legal decisions. However, they are not enough for answering the research question.
    • Advocacy websites like Planned Parenthood may have helpful materials like timelines or brief summaries of key events. These materials may be helpful for your understanding of the history. However, they are not peer-reviewed, scholarly sources and therefore advocacy websites do NOT count toward the minimum number of scholarly sources.
    • History blogs or websites geared toward a general audience (e.g. the History Channel). They can be useful guides, but general history websites are not scholarly sources and do NOT count toward the minimum number of scholarly sources.

    What is a scholarly source?

    • Articles and books written by an expert (usually a professional researcher/writer and peer-reviewed). This website has a brief guide for helping you to identify whether a source is scholarly:

    Some important reminders about the assignment:

    1. The research project prompt asks you to consider how social change is possible through law. You do not know the answer to this now, and that’s OK! I don’t expect you to know.

    2. Some of the sources of information you find online may be helpful for background info. However, they will likely not be enough. These types of sources may include articles found in popular press, including general interest magazines like Time or newspapers like The New York Times. You can include them in your list of references, but you still need a minimum of three scholarly sources.

    3. Where can you find more sources that help you to write an essay for a Law & Society course that requires some historical and background information? Again, the modules have some resources. At this stage of your research, you will be best served by historical books and/or articles.

    4. You may find these sources also helpful:

    a) For understanding particular Supreme Court cases (remember, these do NOT count toward the minimum number of references):

    b) Government and research sites that often have great articles written by historians and other scholars:

    There are lots of other think tanks, policy and research centers, advocacy organizations, and media organizations that have articles that may or may not be helpful. Some of these organizations employ professionals who do good research and write nuanced articles (e.g. Pew Research). Others – less so. If you are unsure about a source, please email me.

    5. How to conduct social science research: this is a very helpful guide from

    . You can find research databases on our

    site.

    Some Additional Scholarly Sources Related to Topics Covered in Modules (Be sure to check out the DRAFT modules in the second half of the semester for topic ideas and relevant materials)

    1. Abortion and reproductive rights:

    Mary Ziegler is included in the abortion and reproductive rights module. She has other books as well, including more recent post-Dobbs stuff:

    Other historical works on abortion exist as well, including:

    2. Voting rights

    3. School desegregation:

    4. Marriage equality: