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Assignment # 3: Myers-Briggs Personality Types

Formatting:

This paper is worth 10 points. Your paper should be typed, 12-point Times New Roman font, double spaced, one page to one and a half pages long. You should include a minimum of 3 course concepts from the week. Please underline and bold any course terms you use in your reflection.

Directions:

First, go to the web address and click on the top left box titled, Jung Typology Test Jung, Briggs Myers Type. Read the directions and take the test by marking where you fall on the statements. At the end your personality type will be listed. Click the different options that describe your personality type in different situations.

Questions to Consider when Writing:

Was it accurate? Were you honest while answering the statements? What do you think now? Do you see yourself differently? If it was accurate, how? What did you learn about yourself? If it was inaccurate, how? Why do you feel it was not accurate? Explain anything that you learned from taking this test and reflecting on the results.

You do not have to answer all of these questions; you can answer some of these questions, or you can answer none of these questions. It is up to you. Give it a little bit of thought and reflection and give me your honest ideas of what you have learned or contemplated while taking this test and writing a quick reflection about you and your personality! You should connect your thoughts to concepts discussed in class and the textbook thus far. I am looking for connection to course content (Communication and the self, especially) throughout this reflection.

Source 1 Read unit 3 about identity

Source 2 these are transcripts of a video posted by the teacher:

Hi everyone. Welcome back to the unit three lecture series, which is about identity. We are now going to go into section two which is all about self-image. This is a bit of a longer lecture just to give you a heads up. So I want to start with a discussion question. How do you want other people to view you and why? Let’s go ahead and think about that. Um, you can think about like overarching or maybe it would be easier if you kind of broke it down to specific contexts, like how do you want your friends to view you? How do you want your family to view you maybe work and whatnot. Whatever works for you. But just take a second to think about that. Write it down. Keep it in mind throughout the lecture. So our self-image is the way that we want other people to see us. And self-image can change depending on who we’re talking to and who we’re interacting with. Right. That’s why in the discussion question, I was like, oh, you can kind of think about different groups of people and whatnot, because we definitely have a certain way that we want certain people to view us. So Urban Goffman, um, had a theory that basically we perform our self-image. And what he said was that we perform different roles in different contexts. So the image we choose to present is selective, essentially, and we don’t share all aspects of ourself with everybody. Image is often based on our expectations, our expectations of us, or the expectations of others of us and our relationship to the person. So what do we expect out of the relationship? Out of the context? Out of the situation? Um, what do we think other people expect of us? And then what is our relationship to that person that is all going to influence, according to Goffman, the way that we perform our self-image. Goffman also argued that we are we assent. We are essentially actors on a stage, and the way we present ourselves is influenced by what stage we are on. So again, the way we present ourselves is different in different contexts. I’m sure you could agree, right? Like if I asked a question like, how do you present yourself at work versus at home? Like it would vary, um. I’m sure.

Now Karl Jong’s persona and shadow. So John believed that the psyche is made up of three interacting systems. First, the ego. Second, the personal unconscious. And then third, the collective unconscious. And so basically John focused on how thoughts, how feelings and memories are imprinted upon us. And these imprints influence our self-concept as well as our self-image. So our persona is our mask or our public face that we present to the world. And we use different masks and different roles, and we carefully craft our persona. Right. So kind of aligning with Goffman here. Now the shadow represents the hidden aspects of ourselves that we suppress. Now, John argues that it’s important to look at the shadow, as it can negatively influence the way that we interact with other people. Right? So like if you’ve taken a psychology class, you have probably learned that our childhood heavily impacts like us, right? Like who we become, um, how we interact with other people will be come to expect in our relationships with other people and whatnot. There’s a lot of theories that talk about this. I think one we’re going to talk about later in classes, like attachment theory, for example. And so basically he’s saying like, you know, thing, we might suppress things from our childhood or any time really throughout our life. Um, and like negative interactions and impacts on our life and whatnot. But these could have an influence on how we interact with others. So like if you, um, had a parent who really just let you down and made you feel like you couldn’t trust other people, then that might influence your dating life later on. Right. You might feel like you can’t trust people that you’re in a relationship with. And so John’s arguing that we should, um, try to not suppress that and try to work through it because that will improve our relationships. Persona and shadow help us understand ourselves and the way we consciously and unconsciously attempt to manage our public image.

Now. Cognitive dissonance is the uncomfortable feeling we experience when our beliefs and our behaviors are not aligned. Um, I teach about this in my public speaking class because when we experience dissonance, we tend to be motivated to get rid of the inconsistency. So like I teach it during persuasion because I’m like, hey, um, if you can make your audience experience cognitive dissonance, they’re likely going to be motivated to get rid of it and to change in some way. Possibly. Um, we tend to want to change the behavior when we experience cognitive dissonance, change the belief that we have, or we will end up actually rationalizing our belief or our behavior. So, um, when it comes to self-image, when we are confronted with a situation that challenges our perspective of like who we are and how we see the world, we feel the need to negotiate or rationalize our behavior. Right. So like if somebody says sorry.

To the mention that the first lecture that is likely to happen at some point in my lectures. Um, but anyways, so, you know, we if somebody tells us like, hey, you’re a mean person and you know, that is not how we want to be viewed, right, then we might change, right? Like we might stop doing the behaviors that people perceive to be mean that we do, or we might rationalize our behavior, right. And be like, well, I mean, you know, maybe you don’t think you mean. So you’re like, I mean, because you’re mean or something like that. And we start to kind of rationalize that it could really go either way.

So that leads me to a discussion question for you all. When is the last time you experienced cognitive dissonance and how did you attempt to resolve it? So did you change in some way or did you rationalize? So go ahead and think about that. It might take you a few minutes. Um, and then, you know, just think about that as we move throughout the lecture and how it impacted your self-image.

We’re going to get into perception, and we can think of perception as the process by which we select, organize and interpret information. Perception allows us to experience the world around us through our five senses, and perception is a cognitive and psychological function, yet it influences how we perceive other people as well. So there’s five stages that we go through of perception. So first is stimulation that is coming into contact with a specific stimulus in the environment. And when we are in the stimulation stage of perception, we gather sensory information about the stimulus through our five senses. And then we decide if it’s important to us and begin to focus on the specific stimuli. So we are exposed to, like so many different stimuli on a day to day basis, like we can’t possibly perceive everything. Right. And so we first go through stimulation. So we decide is this important, do I care. And then we start to pay more attention to it. Organization is when we tend to organize stimuli by topics categories rules or patterns. Right. So like you’re in target somebody’s yelling right. So that’s a stimulus that you’re exposed to. It’s probably going to grab your attention because we’re you know there’s like a social rule essentially that you’re not really supposed to like yell in public places here in the US unless it’s like an emergency. And then we have interpretation and evaluation. So we draw on previous experiences and knowledge to understand something or rely on our beliefs, values, needs and expectations. So we think about all the other times we’ve been to target and have never seen anybody, like screaming in the middle of the store and yelling, right? And so that’s going to be influenced by our expectations of like what it means to go and target and how you are supposed to socially act and target. Memory. So after stimuli has been organized and interpreted. It gets stored in our memory. Whether or not something becomes memorable has to do with the salience of the stimuli. So how important it is to us and how or how useful it is or how relevant it is. So like if you felt unsafe in target because that person was yelling, um, you might like, you know, it might be very salient to you and you might remember that if it was just somebody singing a song and just kind of acting outlandishly. Um, but you didn’t really perceive that it was harmful, then you might not store it in your memory. Or maybe it’s something you could like, maybe remember later if you see it again. Recall is sensory data and it’s often connected to recall. So basically are you able to recall the information means that you sort it in your memory. Um, so. Basically, perception is a process. And we go through this process, um, and it informs the way that we understand the world around us. And perception is a part of self-concept because we need to have an understanding of the world around us, to have an understanding of ourselves and how we fit into that world around us like we’ve been talking about in this unit. So when it comes to perception formation, what we perceive and how we interpret that information is influence and manage by our upbringing as well as our personal preferences as well. So, you know, not everybody is going to perceive something the same way. Right. And then that’s where we can get into well, it’s influenced by your background, your identity, your self-concept, your culture, your language. All of that influences how you perceive something. So, for example, culture, we’re going to get into it in the next, um, module. But in some cultures, it’s perfectly acceptable to be really loud in a store. Um, that’s just kind of how people communicate in that particular culture. They’re very loud, they’re very vibrant. They come off as very passionate. Um, and so if that was happening and somebody from a culture where that’s the norm saw that, um, they might ignore it, they may be, oh, that’s not that stimulus isn’t worth my, um, thoughts and energy, basically. So it’s really interesting to think about. Now when it comes to image management and face needs, we develop our public image based on our self-concept and the feedback that we receive from interacting with other people. So basically like, how do you know you’re a funny person, right? Do you just decide to be a funny person? No. You learn that as you grow up, right? Like people laugh at your jokes versus they don’t essentially. And you kind of come to understand yourself in that way. And that can apply to other things like abilities, physical attractiveness as well. Goffman coined the term face to describe the concept of our desired public image. And there’s different components of face. So first we have our fellowship face. And that’s the relational aspect of our public image. So basically, um, how we perform face in our relationships. Autonomy face is the independent aspect of our public image. So Goffman argues that we want to remain independent from others so that they cannot intrude on us. And so we want that part of our faces threatened. Um, we kind of try to assert our independence. But I will say this is very cultural as well, um, very much based on more of an individualistic culture where independence is valued, because that’s definitely not the case in all cultures. And then we have our competence face. So that’s aptitude aspect of our public image. Basically, we need others to acknowledge and respect our intelligence and our abilities. And of course, you know, this kind of grows with time and becomes more important to us. Like your competence face is probably a lot more important, um, when you’re in the time of having a career, right, like 20, 30, 40, 50 versus when you’re like 4 or 5 years old. But that is kind of when you start to assert more independence to. Face needs, of course, vary from context to context, which you’re probably realizing. Context is so important for really anything we talk about in this class, and we sometimes encounter face threatening acts, which I mentioned earlier, um, where basically in the face we are trying to perform is threatened in some way, and we feel like people are not seeing us the way that we want them to. Basically, this leads us to behave in a way that restores our desired public image.

So that’s it for section. Sorry. This is actually section two. Um, so in section two we talked about self image. We talked about self performance. We talked about Jong’s persona and shadow. We talked about cognitive dissonance, the five stages of perception and perception formation as well as image management and face needs. So I will see you for the next lecture which will be module section three of identity. See you then.