Author: admin

  • HISTORY 1865

    Part I

    1. What is going on in the court case in the primary source document?
    2. Did anything about the case surprise you? Consider as part of this question the fact that the people testifying are white people.
    3. What does the case tell us about the nature of slavery and race relations in the late-1600s in Virginia?

    *Side Note: All people testifying in the court case are white settlers.

    Part II

    This transcript of court testimony is an example of a primary source. Having read and interpreted it, please offer your thoughts on the following:

    1. Did this source change your understanding of slavery and race relations in the early days of the English colonies? If so, how?
    2. Primary sources provide historians with important information/perspectives on the periods that they are studying. That said, they can also be problematic. What challenges do primary sources present? How could this, or any other primary source, lead a historian to make incorrect assumptions/conclusions/interpretations of the past?

    Requirements: VERY DETAILED

  • A theorist view of stress

    HW410-3: Explain the role of the mind in connection with stress.

    Assignment Introduction:

    In Chapter 5, you learned about the minds role with stress through discussion with several theorists. For this weeks assignment you will compare and contrast two psychological theories from the chapter to help improve understanding of the topic.

    Assignment Directions:

    For the Unit 3 Assignment, please complete the following:

    • Select two psychological theories from Chapter 5.
    • Summarize both chosen theories.
    • Identify and explain one similarity and one difference between the two theorists.
    • Based on your research and understanding, which theory do you find most thought-provoking and applicable for daily life and why?

    Minimum Submission Requirements:

    • Your submission is composed in a Microsoft Word document.
    • To meet the objective requirements, your response must be at least 500 words in length.
    • Your submission includes specific examples of concepts, topics, definitions, and other elements to demonstrate mastery of the objective.
    • Your submission includes a highly developed viewpoint and purpose.
    • Your response is in Standard English and demonstrates superior organization.
    • Your communication is highly ordered, logical and unified, as well as original and insightful.
    • Your submission displays exceptional content, organization, style, and mechanics.
    • A separate page at the end of your response contains a list of references.
    • Include both in-text and reference list citations where appropriate and reference all sources used following proper APA citation style.
    • Please review the APA formatting and citation style in Academic Tools – Academic Writer.

    Requirements:

  • Discussion post

    SecretsDiscussion: Anthony Bourdain Trade Secrets

    The restaurant insights by Anthony Bourdain. Many of you who have worked in a restaurant will recognize many things in this “old” video from the year 2000.

    Anthony Bourdain: Reveals restaurant trade secrets

    Please reflect on Anthony Bourdains insights (which there are many) of the restaurant industry.

    Discussion

    Rubric

    Discussion

    Discussion

    Criteria Ratings Pts

    This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomePost SourcesMin. 2 sources

    5 ptsFull Marks

    0 ptsNo Marks

    5 pts

    This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeWord countMin. 200 words

    10 ptsFull Marks

    0 ptsNo Marks

    10 pts

    This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeContentQuality of your original post

    10 ptsFull Marks

    0 ptsNo Marks

    10 pts

    This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeReplyMust post min. 2 replies to peer’s original post

    5 ptsFull Marks

    0 ptsNo Marks

    5 pts

    This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeReply SourceMin. one source

    5 ptsFull Marks

    0 ptsNo Marks

    5 pts

    This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeResponse ContentMust include one original suggestion to peer’s comment:
    Activity such as reading, watching video, training

    5 ptsFull Marks

    0 ptsNo Marks

    5 pts

    Total Points: 40

    student one: David :

    Anthony Bourdains discussion of restaurant trade secrets reveals far more than behind-the-scenes realities of the food industry; it highlights a raw, honest, and people-centered leadership approach that aligns closely with modern leadership theories. Bourdain emphasized authenticity, accountability, and respect for the often-overlooked kitchen staff. His leadership style was grounded in experience rather than ego, which made his insights resonate deeply with those who have worked in restaurants.

    From a Northouse leadership perspective, Bourdain exemplifies aspects of servant leadership and authentic leadership. He consistently advocated for understanding the realities faced by cooks, dishwashers, and servers, recognizing that effective leadership starts with empathy and trust. Rather than distancing himself from frontline workers, Bourdain valued shared hardship and mutual respect, which strengthened team cohesion. This aligns with Northouses view that effective leaders prioritize relationships, ethics, and follower development rather than authority alone.

    Bourdains approach also reflects principles from Jim Collins Good to Great, particularly the concept of Level 5 Leadership. He demonstrated humility by acknowledging mistakes, exposing industry flaws, and giving credit to the people behind the scenes. At the same time, he showed fierce resolve by demanding high standards, honesty, and professionalism in the kitchen. His belief that great restaurants depend on disciplined people and disciplined action directly mirrors Collins framework for sustainable excellence.

    Additionally, Bourdains leadership highlights the importance of culture. He understood that kitchens function under intense pressure and that leaders must balance discipline with humanity. By telling the truth about the industryboth its flaws and its strengthshe encouraged transparency, accountability, and continuous improvement.

    In todays restaurant and hospitality environments, Bourdains leadership lessons remain highly relevant. His emphasis on respect, teamwork, and authenticity serves as a reminder that strong leadership is not about titles, but about influence and integrity. Leaders who embrace these principles are more likely to create resilient teams capable of long-term success.

    Sources

    Student 2: John:

    Anthony Bourdains insights into the restaurant industry have always carried a rare blend of honesty, irreverence, and deep respect for the craft. Watching the Nightline segment reinforces just how committed he was to pulling back the curtain; not to shame the industry, but to help people understand the reality behind the food they love. His reflections arent just trade secrets; theyre a window into the culture, pressures, and unspoken rules that shape professional kitchens.

    One of the most striking aspects of Bourdains perspective is his insistence on transparency. He never romanticized the industry. Instead, he highlighted the long hours, the physical toll, and the chaotic, adrenalinefueled environment that most guests never see. In the video, he talks candidly about what happens behind the scenes, from the way kitchens operate during peak hours to the less glamorous truths about certain menu items. That blend of humor and bluntness is part of what made his commentary so compelling.

    Another important theme in Bourdains insights is the idea of respect, respect for the craft, for the ingredients, and especially for the people who do the work. He often emphasized that restaurant workers are some of the hardestworking people in any industry, yet theyre frequently overlooked or undervalued. In the segment, you can hear the pride he has in the camaraderie of the kitchen, the unspoken bonds formed through shared stress and shared victories. He understood that the restaurant world is built on teamwork, grit, and a kind of creative resilience that keeps people coming back despite the challenges.

    Bourdain also had a way of reminding viewers that dining out is a human experience, not just a transaction. His secrets werent meant to scare people away from restaurants but to encourage them to appreciate the complexity behind every plate. He wanted diners to understand why certain dishes are better on certain days, why the specials matter, and why treating staff with kindness goes a long way. His insights push people to be more thoughtful guests, more aware, more patient, and more appreciative.

    Reflecting on Bourdains commentary is a reminder of how deeply he cared about this world. He didnt just expose the industry; he celebrated it. He acknowledged its flaws while honoring its beauty. His voice continues to resonate because he spoke from experience, from passion, and from a genuine love of food and the people who make it.

    ABC News. (2018, June 8). Anthony Bourdain reveals restaurant trade secrets [Broadcast Television]. Nightline.

    Requirements: NA

  • planning worksheet

    Planning Worksheet: Coping Strategies and Relaxation Techniques

    1 .Using your textbook, select a coping strategy and a relaxation technique to address in your final assignment, which

    Coping Strategy:

    Journal Writting

    Relaxation Technique:

    Breathing

    2. Using the following list, identify three or more stressors in your life that you can focus on for this assignment.

    Work, Life, School-Life Balance

    Marital Issues

    Legal Issues

    Parenting

    Change in Career Status

    Health Concerns

    Financial Concerns

    Death of a Loved One

    Other ______________

    3.Now that you have identified a coping strategy and relaxation technique to focus on and you have identified several stressors to address, in 23 sentences, explain why your selected strategy and technique appeal to you. Include supporting evidence.

    4.Provide a brief description of how you plan to use the coping strategy and relaxation technique. Include supporting evidence. This description can be as simple as the following examples:

    I will use journal writing on a daily basis over the next five weeks or I will use some of the techniques listed for Art Therapy each week over the next five weeks.”

    Note: Some strategies may be more difficult to implement on your own. If you choose one of these, your exploration will consist of discovering more about this strategy or technique. In this case, you will write: I will discover ways in which progressive relaxation could be used to address stress.

    5. Describe potential challenges you see in applying your selected strategy and technique. Explain via supporting evidence.

    Coping Strategy Challenges:

    Relaxation Technique Challenges:

    References

    [Add APA style references for any cited sources. This should include your textbook and at least two peer-reviewed journal articles.]

    Requirements:

  • Case Study 2

    1. Read the case study

    2. Create your solution in 500 words following the rubric

    There is a persistent misconception that operating a food and beverage business is simple and requires neither formal education nor specialized expertise. The belief that anyone can run it remains widespread. In response, I often pose a straightforward question: If it is truly that easy, why do so many restaurants fail? My follow up question is equally direct: Show me.

    Throughout my career, I have overseen a wide range of food and beverage operations, and no two have ever been alike. Whether in hotels, hospitals, or other environments, each operation has its own unique structure, challenges, and culture. This reality underscores the importance of thoroughly understanding an operation before attempting to adjust, refine, or improve it.

    My objective has always been to enhance every aspect of a food and beverage operationnot solely its financial performance, but its overall effectiveness, quality, and sustainability.

    For each case study, I ask that you develop the most comprehensive and well reasoned solution possible. Afterward, you may input both the case study and your proposed solution into any AI platform of your choice and request an evaluation from the perspective of leading consulting firms such as McKinsey & Company, Boston Consulting Group, and Bain & Company.

    The “Big Three” (MBB):

    McKinsey & Company: Known for deep analysis, broad industry reach, and high-level strategy for Fortune 100 companies.

    Boston Consulting Group (BCG): A leader in strategy, offering rigorous analysis and strong client relationships, consistently ranking #2.

    Bain & Company: Emphasizes a collaborative, employee-focused culture with high-impact strategy, often considered the most “fratty” of the three.

    The purpose is to encourage you to begin thinking in the same analytical and strategic manner as these firms. While many of their employees come from institutions such as Harvard, Yale, or Wharton rather than UCF, this in no way implies that we (both faculty and students) at UCF are any less capable of approaching problems or solving case studies at the same level of rigor and insight.

    Requirements: NA   |   .doc file

  • Statistics Question

    The question requirement to provided ( plagiarism+ AI ) report for All of the file

    The two plagiarism files required for All of the file

    • (File one) Turnitin plagiarism report for All the file must less than 15%)
    • (File two) AI plagiarism report for All of the file must zero percentage)
    • File three ( copy and paste any original paragraph you take the information from it in separate file )

    The question : I need to do two question the

    I attached the file excel need to correct them to do all variable measure do it quantitatively like I explain the point need to correct them to make the table quantitatively make sure all data available and public comply with IRB approval department then second make in word file each company separate table in separate page do the table like the same table in I attached excel file but make table separate for each company then under the table for each company write the page number for each variable reference number from original link and write small paragraph under each company how you collected the data

    Example Capex page 6 paragraph number Ai page 2 paragraph number cloud page 8 paragraph number .for all variable

    Here is your strict 7-point checklist to make your Excel file 100% quantitative and ready for statistical analysis.

    • Standardize Financial Units (The “M” vs. “B” Rule)
      • Action: Choose one unit (e.g., Millions) and convert everything.
      • Correction: Change 10.3 B to 10300. Change 4820 (if raw) to 4.82.
      • Why: You cannot mathematically subtract “Billions” from “Millions” unless they are in the same magnitude.
    • Strip All Non-Numeric Characters
      • Action: Use “Find & Replace” to remove all $, ,, M, B, and ~.
      • Correction: Change $3,671 M to 3671.
      • Why: Statistical software sees “$3,671” as text (like a word), not a number.
    • Convert Tech Columns to Binary (Dummy Variables)
      • Action: For columns ERP, Cloud, AI, IoT, Automation.
      • Correction: Replace “High”, “Medium”, “Yes”, or “Core Business” with 1. Replace “No”, “N/A”, or “None” with 0.
      • Why: You cannot calculate the average of “High” and “Medium”. You can calculate the frequency of “1”.
    • Quantify “Breadth” (Text to Integer)
      • Action: Delete words like “High”, “Diverse”, or “Focused”.
      • Correction: Replace them with the actual count of technologies found for that firm (e.g., change “High” to 7 if they have 7 techs).
      • Why: A regression model needs a continuous integer (0, 1, 2… 10) to measure correlation.
    • Clean “IT Intangibles” & “CAPEX”
      • Action: Remove all explanatory text.
      • Correction: Delete sentences like “Internally-developed software capitalized as…”. Keep only the number. If the number is not explicitly stated, leave the cell empty (do not write “Not isolated”).
      • Why: Text in a numeric column causes errors in calculation formulas.
    • Standardize Missing Data (Null Handling)
      • Action: Decide on a code for missing data.
      • Correction: If a company doesn’t report a number, leave it completely blank or use a specific code like -99. Do not use 0 unless the value is actually zero (e.g., zero debt).
      • Why: A blank cell is treated as “missing” by software; a 0 skews your average downwards.
    • Verify with the “Sum Test”
      • Action: At the bottom of every column (Revenue, Breadth, AI), try to calculate a =SUM() or =AVERAGE().
      • Correction: If Excel gives you an error (#VALUE!) or the count looks wrong, you still have text hidden in that column. Fix it until the formula works.

    Second question:

    I need to answer this question in separate file based in your answer and file attached name chapter 1-3

    • Explain how you will collect secondary data and its sources………
    • You need to list the names of data sources and their URLs……..
    • You need to list the names of data sources and their URLs….. and explain which type of data you will collect based on the conceptual model quantitatively I attached file name chapter 1-3 the have inside the conceptual model

    Data source

    Appendix A: Public Data Sources and Access Links
    a. SEC EDGAR Search (Forms 10-K, 10-Q, 8-K; ):

    b. SEC EDGAR Company Browse (issuer filing history):

    c. SEC Search Filings Hub (EDGAR tools directory):

    d. SEC EDGAR Search Assistance (user guide):

    e. U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) industry/macro series (contextual controls):

    f. Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED) macro series (contextual controls):

    g. Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts economic data (state-level context where needed):

    h. AnnualReports.com (public access to company annual report PDFs where available):

    Appendix B: SEC EDGAR Filing Links for the 40 Sampled Firms (Directly Verifiable Public Access)
    These issuer-specific EDGAR links provide a direct, public route to each firms 10-K/10-Q/8-K filings used to extract all .

    i. Texas Instruments Inc. (TXN) SEC filings: .

    j. Dell Technologies Inc. (DELL) SEC filings: .

    k. Flex Ltd. (FLEX) SEC filings: .

    l. Cirrus Logic Inc. (CRUS) SEC filings: .

    m. Silicon Laboratories Inc. (SLAB) SEC filings:
    .
    n. NXP Semiconductors USA Inc. (NXPI) SEC filings: .

    o. Diodes Incorporated (DIOD) SEC filings:

    p. Qorvo Inc. (QRVO) SEC filings: .

    q. Leidos Holdings Inc. (LDOS) SEC filings: .

    r. Lockheed Martin Aeronautics (LMT) SEC filings:

    s. L3Harris Technologies ISR (LHX) SEC filings:

    t. Raytheon Technologies (RTX) SEC filings:

    u. Bell Textron Inc. (TXT) SEC filings: .

    v. Trinity Industries Inc. (TRN) SEC filings:

    .
    w. TechnipFMC (FTI) SEC filings:

    x. National Oilwell Varco (NOV) SEC filings:

    y. Schlumberger Ltd. (SLB) SEC filings: .

    z. Baker Hughes Company (BKR) SEC filings:

    aa. Phillips 66 (PSX) SEC filings:

    ab. HF Sinclair Corporation (DINO) SEC filings:

    ac. ConocoPhillips (COP) SEC filings:

    ad. Oceaneering International Inc. (OII) SEC filings: .

    ae. Nabors Industries Ltd. (NBR) SEC filings: .

    af. Flowserve Corporation (FLS) SEC filings:

    ag. Caterpillar Inc. (CAT) SEC filings: .

    ah. Lennox International Inc. (LII) SEC filings: .

    ai. IES Holdings Inc. (IESC) SEC filings: .

    aj. Heidelberg Materials North America (HEI) SEC filings:

    ak. Daikin Comfort Technologies (DAIKIN) SEC filings:

    al. Commercial Metals Company (CMC) SEC filings:

    am. CompX International Inc. (CIX) SEC filings: .

    an. Air Products and Chemicals Inc. (APD) SEC filings: .

    ao. Air Liquide USA LLC (AIQUY) SEC filings:

    ap. Kimberly-Clark Corporation (KMB) SEC filings:

    aq. McKesson Corporation (MCK) SEC filings:

    ar. Keurig Dr Pepper Inc. (KDP) SEC filings:

    .
    as. Fossil Group Inc. (FOSL) SEC filings: .

    at. Tandy Leather Factory Inc. (TLF) SEC filings: .

    au. Flowtrend Inc. (FLOW) SEC filings: .

    av. Thermon Group Holdings Inc. (THR) SEC filings:

    Requirements: do and cover all instruction

  • WEEK 8: ANALYSIS OF LEGISLATION AFFECTING HOSPITALITY

    Instructions

    For this course, you will write an analytical research paper regarding legislation related to hospitality. Though the course has generally concentrated on lodging, this will be a broader field. The topics are the following;

    • Raising the minimum wage for service industry workers in lodging
    • The use of social media monitoring within background checks for prospective employees
    • Should religious freedom and sincere faith and practice justify the denial of services to same-sex couples based on religious views of the service provider, IE honeymoon suite, bed & breakfast lodging, event planning
    • Law enforcement access to guest records without a warrant [available upon request]
    • Evicting registered but disruptive guests into recognizable dangerous conditions
    • Utilization of work visa programs to staff hotels and resorts in the United States
    • Should an innkeeper be liable for the spread of highly infectious disease on property
    • Should “gig” based workers received Title VII protection
    • Should the service of alcoholic beverages past the point of intoxication be the proximate cause for a passenger in a vehicle driven by the intoxicated guest

    OPTIONAL: If there is another current issue influencing the hospitality industry that you feel you may find more interesting, then you may use that as your topic; however, you must have my expressed approval prior to doing so.

    Utilizing an objective stance, you will identify your perspective of the subject. Research the subject and include past and current cases, precedent, current public and business owner’s perspectives, and any statistical information from a business point of view. You will need to reference the course readings and any external sources that you may find. You will use your research to identify the effect (s) of the topic on the industry and construct a persuasive argument of why or why not the identified effect(s) are a benefit or a hindrance.

    You should try to do at least one interview. There is a whole nation of managers and operators that are just a phone call away, as well as legal professionals. Corporate offices can be approached as well. A transcript of the interview is not required. Reference the interview in writing supporting one of your points. Remember to use APA formatting for referencing correctly. To cite personal communication, you will use the following format, (J. Doe, personal communication, Jan. 1, 2001). You will not provide a reference entry for the interview.

    Objectives

    • Describe the development of rules regarding the rights and liabilities of the innkeeper
    • Analyze the legal implications of management decisions within hospitality operations
    • Analyze legislation influencing the hospitality industry.

    Standards

    • Written communication: Written communication is free of errors that detract from the overall message.
    • APA formatting: Resources and citations are formatted according to APA style and formatting.
    • There is no mandated length but content should be sufficiently discussed within five to eight pages without “fluff”.

    Requirements: COMPLETED   |   .doc file

  • Health Promotion Proposal Part 1

    For this assignment you will submit Part One of your proposal, detailing a health problem that is

    prevalent within your selected group and demonstrating your research of health promotion strategies for

    addressing this specific health problem.

    This is the topic that was selected as a specific health problem : Mental & Behavioral Health- Topic 15: Workplace Burnout and StressReduction Strategies

    What Youll Do in Part 1

    1. Begin with a strong opening (1+ paragraph) Do not label this section Introduction.

  • Clearly describe the health problem youve selected.
  • Use current data and statistics to show why this issue matters.
  • Explain exactly what aspect of the problem your health promotion program will address.
  • Make sure your proposed outcome is realistic, measurable, and meaningful.
  • 2. Describe your vulnerable population (13 paragraphs) Help your reader understand who you are focusing on and why they need support.

  • Identify the risk factors that make this group vulnerable.
  • Support your points with credible evidence, research, reports, or national data.
  • 3. Review the evidence (45 paragraphs total) Youll conduct a brief literature review of at least two scholarly journal articles that discuss evidencebased interventions for your chosen health problem.

  • Write one paragraph per article summarizing the intervention and its relevance.
  • Then write 23 paragraphs evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of the interventions you found.
  • What works well?
  • What gaps or limitations exist?
  • How does this evidence guide your own program?
  • 4. Choose a guiding theoretical or conceptual model (23 paragraphs) Select a health promotion or diseaseprevention model that will anchor your proposal.

  • Explain the model clearly.
  • Describe why it is the best fit for your program.
  • Show how it will guide your planning and implementation.
  • A conclusion paragraph is not required for this assignment.

    Writing Requirements

  • 35 pages maximum (not including title page, references, or appendices)
  • Be concise, focused, and scholarly.
  • APA format throughout.
  • Minimum of 6 references (scholarly and current).
  • REFERENCES Must have DOI Numbers for me to look them up- If I am unable to verify the references points will be deducted.
  • Requirements: large

  • Hospitality Question

    Instructions

    Assignment Directions

    This assignment assesses CO-2, CO-4, CO-5.


    For this final paper, you will analyze a historical ethical dilemma from any industry (e.g., healthcare, government, finance, education, tech, or manufacturing). Connect this real-world ethical failure or challenge to the course concepts explored in Weeks 17. Evaluate what went wrong, how ethical frameworks could have improved decision-making, and what future leaders can learn from this case.

    In Your Paper, You Should:

    1. Describe the historical ethical dilemma:
      • Provide background on the organization or incident.
      • Identify the stakeholders involved.
      • Describe the ethical conflict or failure.
    2. Analyze the dilemma using ethical theories:
      • Apply at least two ethical theories (e.g., deontology, utilitarianism, virtue ethics) to interpret the decisions made.
      • Reference Rests Four-Component Model to assess the decision-making process.
      • Consider the influence of leadership styles and ethical climate.
    3. Draw connections to course topics:
      • Discuss how themes such as diversity, ethical training, hiring practices, leadership, or community outreach were (or were not) evident in the case.
      • Compare the ethical approaches used in the case with best practices discussed in class.
    4. Make recommendations:
      • What should have been done differently?
      • What can ethical leaders today learn from this case?
      • How can ethical frameworks prevent similar dilemmas in the future?
    5. Leverage AI tools:
      • Use an AI research assistant (e.g., ChatGPT) to gather initial insights on your chosen case and related theories.
      • Critically evaluate any AI-generated content for accuracy, bias, and relevance; cross-reference with scholarly sources.
      • Document the exact AI prompts you used in an appendix and cite any substantive AI assistance in APA format according to your institutions guidelines.

    Submission Instructions:

    [Enter the expectations for the student’s submissions. Samples are below]

    • Use APA 7th edition formatting.
    • Include a title page, in-text citations, and a reference page.
    • Paper should be 56 pages in length (content only).
    • Incorporate scholarly and course-related sources to support your analysis.

    Be sure to review the following prior to submitting your assignment:

    • We strive for academic integrity in all aspects of education, and you are expected to uphold these standards when creating and submitting your discussion. View the for more information on what that means at APUS.
    • Assignment Rubric
      • If you do not see the rubric, select Course Tools in the blue horizontal navigation bar and then Assignments. Select the appropriate assignment, and the rubric will be located near the bottom of the page.

    Resources & Supports

    • You have free access as an APUS student. Sign in with your MyCampus Email credentials.
    • : Watch this 3-minute video if you need guidance on submitting your assignment.
    • : Review the “Viewing Feedback in the Assignments” section for details on accessing feedback or review the 1-minute .

    Requirements: COMPLETED

  • Role of a Nurse Practitioner

    Research the role of the Nurse Practitioner.

    1. Select and describe an Advanced Nurse Practitioner role.
    2. Why are you becoming a Nurse Practitioner?
    3. Find one research article, expert opinion about the Nurse Practitioner role and summarize the article.
    4. What does the Institute Of Medicine (IOM) say about the need of Nurse Practitioners?
    5. Identify and describe the effects that you will have as an advanced practice nurse in terms of healthcare industry and patient outcomes.

    Requirements: Submission Instructions: The paper is to be clear and concise and students will lose points for improper grammar, punctuation and misspelling. The paper is to be no shorter than 4 pages; nor longer than 5 pages in length, excluding the title, abstract an