We will show the power of study
Requirements:
The topic of the course project will be any molecule/substance found in the . The molecule/substance will preferably be one that you have personal familiarity with
Colligative Properties of Solutions
Colligative properties are physical properties of a solution that depend only on the number of solute particles, not on the type of solute.
This means: Different substances can produce the same colligative effect if they have the same number of particles in solution.
Types of Colligative Properties
There are four main colligative properties:
1? Vapor Pressure Lowering
Explanation
When a non-volatile solute is added to a solvent, the vapor pressure of the solution decreases compared to the pure solvent.
Example:
Pure water evaporates faster than sugar solution.
Formula
Where:
P = lowering of vapor pressure
= vapor pressure of the pure solvent
= mole fraction of solute
2? Boiling Point Elevation
Explanation
A solution boils at a higher temperature than the pure solvent.
Example:
Pure water boils at 100C
Salt solution boils above 100C
Formula
Where:
Tb = boiling point elevation
= Vant Hoff factor
= boiling point elevation constant
= molality (mol solute/kg solvent)
3? Freezing Point Depression
Explanation
A solution freezes at a lower temperature than the pure solvent.
Example:
Pure water freezes at 0C
Salt solution freezes below 0C
Formula
Where:
Tf = freezing point depression
= freezing point depression constant
4? Osmotic Pressure
Explanation
Osmotic pressure is the minimum pressure required to stop osmosis through a semipermeable membrane.
Example:
Red blood cells shrink or burst due to osmotic pressure differences.
Formula
Where:
= osmotic pressure
M = molarity
R = gas constant
T = temperature (Kelvin)
Vant Hoff Factor (i)
The Vant Hoff factor represents the number of particles produced when a solute dissolves in a solution.
Substance
i
Glucose (CHO)
1
NaCl
2
CaCl
3
Non-electrolytes i = 1
Strong electrolytes i > 1
Summary
Colligative properties depend on the number of solute particles
They do not depend on the chemical nature of the solute
There are four colligative properties
More particles greater colligative effect
Requirements:
Discussion 2 – Week 3 Discussion
Must post first.
For this week’s discussion, select one of the elements from the periodic table and draw its electronic configuration and explain its atomic number, mass number, valency, if that element has any isotopes or not, and also provide one of the reactions of your choice.
Please remember to always add references and provide substantial answers. Also, respond to one other post submitted by your peer. This post needs to actually discuss the submitted work by your peer. In lieu of this, you can also respond to a post submitted by your professor. But, such a response too should be an actual discussion. An actual discussion is not merely stating, “Good job,” or other similar phrases. The references should not be from sources, such as Wikipedia, yahoo.com, answers.com, etc.
Biomolecules are of extreme importance to living organisms. Biomolecules are often categorized as macromolecules or micromolecules. Many applications of biomolecules exist, from nanotechnology to surface-immobilization. More commonly, you might have heard of carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids. The science behind how a biomolecule works is fascinating, and you now have an opportunity to research them for yourself. Pick a biomolecule, you can be as specific as you would like, or pick a broad category.
Conduct additional research on your biomolecule in relation to a real-world application and be prepared to discuss this data with your executive leadership. You will provide an analysis of the compound addressing the following:
please look through it and show work
Attached Files (PDF/DOCX): 3533 HW1.pdf
Note: Content extraction from these files is restricted, please review them manually.
He discovered this compound. He is a hreat chemist he gives the uses also. This discovery helps us today in many industries.
Requirements: