Category: History

Instructions for Editing the Paper

1. Please rewrite the paper fully in your own wording and voice. The goal is for it to read naturally like a paper you personally wrote, not like something generated by a tool.
2. Remove any language that sounds overly robotic, formulaic, or like AI writing. The tone should sound like a graduate student writing a policy analysis paper.
3. Keep the main argument and structure the same. The paper focuses on racial capitalism, housing displacement, and urban redevelopment in Los Angeles.
4. Expand on the ideas in each section so the paper reaches at least eight full pages of content. This can include deeper explanation of the theories, more discussion of Los Angeles housing conditions, and additional analysis of the policy implications.
5. Make sure the writing flows naturally from paragraph to paragraph. Avoid repetitive wording and make the transitions between sections smoother.
6. Keep the citations and references in APA seventh edition format. The sources already included should remain part of the paper.
7. When expanding sections, it may help to add more detail about housing policy in Los Angeles, data from the City of Los Angeles, Los Angeles County housing programs, HUD housing reports, and the role of the Housing Authority of the City of Los Angeles.
8. The section discussing the article about temporary shelter in Los Angeles should remain included as an example, but it can be expanded with additional explanation of the housing system and shelter pipeline.
9. Read through the entire paper at the end and revise sentences so the tone sounds natural, clear, and consistent with a graduate level policy paper.

Instructions for Revising the Paper Based on the Proposal and Assignment

1. The paper should clearly focus on the relationship between racial capitalism, housing displacement, and urban redevelopment, with a strong emphasis on Los Angeles. The goal is to analyze how housing policy and redevelopment practices can produce displacement and instability for marginalized communities.
2. The paper should use the theoretical frameworks from the course readings, particularly racial capitalism and Critical Race Theory. The key idea is to explain how race, property, and economic systems work together to shape housing inequality.
3. The argument should show that displacement is not simply a market accident but part of a broader structural process connected to redevelopment, property values, and political decision making.
4. The paper should incorporate several course readings as theoretical foundations. These include ideas such as racial capitalism, whiteness as property, and displacement through redevelopment. The readings should be used to explain the larger system that produces housing inequality.
5. Los Angeles should be used as the primary case study. The analysis should include examples and data from the City of Los Angeles, Los Angeles County housing reports, the Housing Authority of the City of Los Angeles, and HUD reports about housing and homelessness.
6. The article about temporary shelter in Los Angeles should remain in the paper as a real world example that illustrates how housing instability operates in practice. It should help connect the theoretical discussion to lived experiences within the Los Angeles housing system.
7. The paper should be analytical rather than descriptive. Instead of simply summarizing readings, it should explain how the concepts apply to housing displacement and redevelopment in Los Angeles.
8. The structure of the paper should roughly follow this order
9. Introduction explaining the housing problem in Los Angeles

• Explanation of racial capitalism and relevant theories
• Discussion of property, race, and housing policy
• Analysis of displacement and redevelopment
• Los Angeles case examples and data
• Policy implications and conclusions

1. The final paper should be approximately eight pages, double spaced, written in clear academic language, and formatted with APA seventh edition citations and references.
2. The final result should read like a well researched graduate level policy analysis that connects theory, real world evidence, and policy discussion.

Advanced Revision Instructions for Final Paper

The goal of this revision is to turn the draft into a polished graduate level policy paper that clearly explains the relationship between racial capitalism, housing displacement, and urban redevelopment in Los Angeles. The paper should read naturally, reflect independent thinking, and demonstrate strong engagement with course readings and policy data.

1. Rewrite the paper completely in your own voice.

The draft should only be used as a reference for ideas and structure. Every section should be rewritten so that the tone sounds natural and authentic. Avoid language that feels mechanical, formulaic, or overly structured. The final version should read like a paper you personally researched and wrote.

2. Strengthen the introduction.

The introduction should clearly explain the housing crisis in Los Angeles and why it matters. Instead of simply stating the topic, briefly explain the scale of housing inequality in the city and why displacement has become such a major policy issue. The introduction should also introduce the main argument that housing displacement can be better understood through the framework of racial capitalism.

3. Expand the theoretical framework section.

The section discussing racial capitalism and Critical Race Theory should be expanded so the concepts are clearly explained before applying them to Los Angeles. Spend time explaining key ideas such as:

• racial capitalism and the relationship between race and economic systems
• how property rights and land ownership shape inequality
• the idea of whiteness as property and how exclusion has historically shaped housing access

This section should demonstrate understanding of the course readings and explain why these theories are useful for analyzing housing policy.

4. Connect theory to housing policy.

After explaining the theories, show how they help explain real housing conditions. The paper should move from abstract ideas to concrete examples. Explain how redevelopment, rising land values, and housing policy decisions can create displacement pressures for marginalized communities.

5. Expand the Los Angeles case study.

The Los Angeles section should include more detail about the housing system in the city. This can include:

• housing affordability issues
• eviction and rent burden statistics
• homelessness data
• housing programs and public housing systems

Use information from the City of Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, HUD, and the Housing Authority of the City of Los Angeles to support the discussion.

6. Use the temporary shelter article as a grounded example.

The article about four years in temporary shelter should be used to illustrate how housing instability operates at the individual level. The goal is to show how large policy structures affect real people navigating the housing system. Expand this section by explaining how temporary shelter systems can create prolonged uncertainty when permanent housing remains unavailable.

7. Expand policy analysis and implications.

The paper should move beyond description and include analysis. Explain what the evidence suggests about the housing system and what kinds of policy changes might address displacement. This could include discussion of tenant protections, affordable housing preservation, social housing, or redevelopment practices.

8. Improve transitions and flow.

Make sure each section connects logically to the next. The paper should move smoothly from theory to evidence to policy implications. Avoid repeating the same ideas across paragraphs.

9. Expand the paper to at least eight full pages.

To reach eight pages without sounding repetitive, add deeper explanation in the theory sections, more data and context in the Los Angeles section, and stronger discussion of policy implications.

10. Final editing and formatting.

After rewriting the paper:

• confirm that all citations follow APA seventh edition format
• ensure the references list matches the citations in the text
• check that the tone is consistent throughout the paper
• make sure the argument is clear and supported by evidence

The final paper should read as a thoughtful graduate level policy analysis that connects academic theory, housing policy research, and real conditions in Los Angeles.

Main Theoretical Readings Used

1. Harris, Cheryl I. (1993). Whiteness as Property. Harvard Law Review.
2. Used to explain how property rights and racial exclusion are historically connected and how housing and land ownership reproduce racial inequality.
3. Hill, J. D., & Cohen, A. (2022). Critical Race Theory and Racial Capitalism.
4. Used to explain how racial capitalism and Critical Race Theory intersect and how capitalism and white supremacy operate together to produce inequality.
5. Matlon, Jordanna. (2024). Ten Theses of Racial Capitalism.
6. Used to define racial capitalism and explain how systems of accumulation and dispossession work through race.
7. Wynne, Laura & Rogers, Dallas. Emplaced Displacement and Public Housing Redevelopment.
8. Used to explain displacement beyond physical removal and how redevelopment reshapes social and spatial relationships to place.

Additional Supporting Sources Used

1. Los Angeles Housing Element (City of Los Angeles Planning Department)
2. Used for housing statistics and housing policy context.
3. Los Angeles Housing Department data and policy reports
4. Los Angeles County homelessness data
5. HUD homelessness and housing data
6. Housing Authority of the City of Los Angeles (HACLA) information
7. Your article
8. Four Years in Temporary Shelter: How One Womans Story Reveals Failures in Los Angeles Housing System
9. Used as a real world Los Angeles example connecting policy analysis to lived housing instability.

Los Angeles Housing Data Sources Used

Los Angeles Housing Element (City Planning)

https://planning.lacity.gov/plans-policies/housing-element

Los Angeles Housing Department policy and research

https://housing.lacity.gov/strategic-engagement/program-development

LA County Homelessness data

https://homeless.lacounty.gov/news/

HUD Point in Time Count report

https://www.huduser.gov/portal/datasets/ahar.html

Housing Authority of the City of Los Angeles (HACLA)

https://www.hacla.org

Four Years in Temporary Shelter: How One Womans Story Reveals Failures in Los Angeles Housing System

Four Years in ‘Temporary’ Shelter: How One Woman’s Story Reveals Failures in Los Angeles’ Housing System

(add more)

do not use big terminology

Describe the settlement of the NEW ENGLAND colonies? How did they differ from one another? As a whole, how did they differ from the middle colonies AND the southern colonies? Hint: Make sure to reference political, economic, social, and religious aspects.

The United States involvement in Argentina was complicated. With the cold war approaching the United States looked at Argentina as a nation that could be contained and used against anti-communism. Dictatorship in Argentina made the country vulnerable for takeover. Economically, the united states wanted to make Argentina open to the global market.

The humanitarian issues that seemed to be happening in Argentina and the United States used this as a way to help grow their status across Latin America.

The Cold War reshaped the way political development was across Latin America, the United States wanted to contain communism and expand its strategic influence. Argentina and Cuba experienced U.S. involvement in very different ways, with very different outcomes. The U.S. approach in Argentina was more about authoritarianism and shaping economic policy, its involvement in Cuba created a revolutionary backlash and created longterm hostility. Comparing these two states shows how Cold War priorities directed U.S. foreign policy and how local conditions shaped its ultimate impact. I will look at why the US entered the Cold war and its goal of preventing the spread of communism. Argentina and Cuba were opposites, and I will compare that in my essay.

Create 1-2 slides to show in class and present on this question as well.

discuss the problems of the research topic linked to the study of political science answering the problems and giving recommendations

Please create a compare/contrast graphic organizer outlining the differences between each event you selected for your essay, along with some similarities you notice during your research. This organizer can be a document or a presentation.

D.T. Niane, Sundiata: An Epic of Old Mali (Apollo, 2024). ISBN-13: 978-1035905997.

Your book review should be 4 – 5 pages long, typed and double-spaced, with a one-inch margin.

Before submitting your book review, make sure to read it thoroughly, checking for grammatical

errors, factual accuracies, analysis, and argument. Use chicago style.