Category: Mechanical Engineering

Hello,

Please solve the problems in the “LAB 3mAssignment” file.

I am attaching the tutorial file for your reference.

Thanks.

You are required to complete the Computational Methods coursework (CFD & FEA) using ANSYS and produce a professional technical report. All work must be carried out individually.

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## 1. Student Information

Student ID: 202421340

From this ID:

– A = 10 (since last digit = 0 use 10)

– B = 4

– E = 40 GPa

– P = 10 GPa (since last digit = 0 use 10)

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## 2. CFD Assignment

### Task 1: Flow Through a Bifurcated Tube

You are required to analyse water flow through a Y-shaped tube using CFD.

#### Geometry:

– Inlet diameter = 2A = 20 cm

– Outlet diameters = A = 10 cm each

– Element size = 0.00BA = 0.00410 m

#### Requirements:

1. Build the geometry in ANSYS.

2. Generate a high-quality mesh (include inflation layers near walls).

3. Apply boundary conditions:

– Velocity inlet

– Pressure outlets (0 Pa gauge)

4. Perform two simulations:

– Laminar flow

– Turbulent flow (Re > 4000)

#### Analysis:

– Calculate Reynolds number.

– Compare CFD results with theoretical values:

– Continuity equation

– DarcyWeisbach equation

– Use turbulence models:

– k- model

– k- SST model (for comparison)

– Clearly state turbulence model assumptions.

#### Outputs:

– Velocity contours

– Pressure contours

– Velocity profile (laminar vs theoretical parabola)

– Quantitative comparison (percentage error)

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### Task 2: Laminar Flow in a Nozzle

#### Given:

– Inlet height = 0.2 m

– Area reduction = 20%

#### Requirements:

1. Model the sinusoidal nozzle in ANSYS.

2. Apply laminar flow conditions.

3. Perform mesh independence study:

– Coarse, medium, fine meshes

4. Validate results using theory:

– Parabolic velocity profile

– Entrance length

– Pressure drop

#### Outputs:

– Velocity distribution

– Pressure distribution

– Mesh comparison table

– Convergence justification (< 2% variation)

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## 3. FEA Assignment

### Task 1: Tunnel Under External Pressure

#### Material Properties:

– Youngs Modulus = 40 GPa

– Poissons Ratio = 0.15

#### Loading:

– External pressure = 10 GPa

(Note: This value is unrealistically high and is used only for academic purposes based on Student ID.)

#### Boundary Conditions:

– Fixed support at the bottom

#### Requirements:

1. Model the tunnel geometry in ANSYS.

2. Apply pressure on top and side surfaces.

3. Perform structural analysis (plane strain).

#### Outputs:

– Maximum deformation

– Maximum von Mises stress

– Stress distribution plots

– Explanation of stress concentration locations

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### Task 2: Truss Bridge Analysis

#### Material:

– Youngs Modulus = 40 GPa

– Poissons Ratio = 0.29

#### Cross Section:

– A B = 10 mm 4 mm = 40 mm

#### Loading:

– Three point loads = 30 kN each

#### Boundary Conditions:

– Left: pinned support

– Right: roller support

#### Requirements:

1. Model the truss using LINK180 elements.

2. Apply loads and supports.

3. Perform structural analysis.

4. Validate results analytically (method of joints).

#### Outputs:

– Joint deflections

– Deformation plot

– Stress distribution

– Percentage error vs analytical results

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## 4. Simulation Settings (Important)

– Solver: Pressure-based solver (Fluent)

– Discretization: Second-order upwind

– Pressure-velocity coupling: SIMPLE

– Convergence criteria:

– Residuals < 110 (laminar)

– Residuals < 110 (turbulent)

– Mass imbalance < 0.1%

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## 5. Mesh Requirements

– Use multiple mesh sizes for validation

– Ensure:

– Skewness < 0.85

– Orthogonal quality > 0.15

– Include mesh images in report

– Demonstrate mesh independence

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## 6. Report Requirements

Prepare a professional report (maximum 8 pages) including:

### Sections:

1. Abstract

2. Introduction

3. Theory and Methodology

4. Results and Discussion

5. Conclusion

6. References

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### Important Notes:

– Include ANSYS figures (contours, mesh, deformation)

– Clearly label all figures and tables

– Compare CFD/FEA results with theory

– Include percentage error

– Discuss limitations (e.g., steady-state assumption, linear elasticity)

– Use clear academic English

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## 7. Submission Details

– Format: WORD

– Maximum length: 8 pages

– Submission via Moodle

– Deadline: As specified by the module

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Ensure all results are accurate, validated, and clearly explained. The work should demonstrate strong understanding of CFD and FEA principles and correct use of ANSYS tools.

1.

2.

You are required to complete the Computational Methods coursework (CFD & FEA) using ANSYS software and prepare a professional technical report. All work must be carried out individually.

—

## 1. Student Information

Student ID: 202411578

From this ID:

– A = 8

– B = 7

– E = 78 GPa

– P = 8 GPa

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## 2. CFD Assignment

### Task 1: Flow Through a Bifurcated Tube

You are required to analyse water flow through a Y-shaped tube using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD).

#### Geometry:

– Inlet diameter = 2A = 16 cm

– Outlet diameters = A = 8 cm each

– Element size = 0.00BA = 0.0078 m

#### Requirements:

1. Build the geometry in ANSYS.

2. Generate a mesh with the specified element size.

3. Apply appropriate boundary conditions:

– Velocity inlet

– Pressure outlets

4. Perform simulations for:

– Laminar flow

– Turbulent flow

#### Analysis:

– Determine Reynolds number.

– Compare CFD results with theoretical and empirical data.

– Select a turbulence model (e.g., k- or k-) and clearly state its assumptions.

– (Optional for higher marks) Compare multiple turbulence models.

– Use flow conditions different from tutorial examples.

#### Outputs:

– Velocity contours

– Pressure contours

– Flow distribution

– Discussion of discrepancies and possible sources of error

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### Task 2: Laminar Flow in a Nozzle

You are required to model laminar flow through a sinusoidal nozzle.

#### Given:

– Inlet height = 0.2 m

– Flow area reduction = 20%

#### Requirements:

1. Create the nozzle geometry in ANSYS.

2. Apply laminar flow conditions.

3. Use multiple mesh sizes to demonstrate mesh independence.

4. Compare CFD results with classical theory:

– Parabolic velocity profile

– Entrance length

– Pressure drop per unit length

#### Outputs:

– Velocity profile plots

– Pressure distribution

– Mesh comparison results

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## 3. FEA Assignment

### Task 1: Tunnel Under

You are required to analyse a concrete tunnel under external pressure using ANSYS Workbench.

#### Material Properties:

– Youngs Modulus = 78 GPa

– Poissons Ratio = 0.15

#### Loading:

– External pressure = 8 GPa

#### Boundary Condition:

– Bottom of the tunnel is fixed

#### Requirements:

1. Model the geometry based on Figure 1.

2. Apply material properties and loading.

3. Perform structural analysis.

#### Outputs:

– Maximum deformation

– Maximum von Mises stress

– Stress distribution plots

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### Task 2: Truss Bridge Analysis

You are required to analyse a planar truss structure.

#### Material:

– Youngs Modulus = 78 GPa

– Poissons Ratio = 0.29

#### Cross Section:

– A B = 8 mm 7 mm

#### Loading:

– 30 kN applied at specified joints

#### Requirements:

1. Model the truss structure in ANSYS.

2. Apply loads and supports correctly.

3. Perform structural analysis.

#### Outputs:

– Deflection at each joint

– Structural deformation plot

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## 4. Report Requirements

Prepare a professional report (maximum 8 pages) including:

### Sections:

1. Abstract

2. Introduction

3. Theory and Methodology

4. Results and Discussion

5. Conclusion and Recommendations

### Important Notes:

– Include figures (mesh, contours, results)

– Compare theoretical vs simulation results

– Discuss errors and limitations

– Ensure proper academic writing and structure

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## 5. Submission Details

– Format: PDF

– Maximum length: 8 pages

– Submission via Moodle

– Deadline: 30 April 2026 14:00

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Ensure that all simulations are properly validated and results are clearly presented. The work should demonstrate strong understanding of both CFD and FEA principles, along with correct use of ANSYS tools.

The more specific your details are, the better help you will receive

The clearer and more specific your details are, the better help you will receive.

You are required to prepare and submit the ANSYS Mechanical APDL R1 2026 simulation files only for the Connecting Rod project.

The report and presentation are already completed. Your task is to deliver fully functional ANSYS simulation files, organized into three separate sections corresponding to the required analyses.

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### 1. General Requirements

– Use ANSYS Mechanical APDL R1 2026 only.

– The geometry must match the final model used in the report:

– Length: 150 mm

– Big end diameter: 50 mm

– Small end diameter: 14 mm

– Thickness: 14 mm

– Use Structural Steel (AISI 1045):

– E = 200,000 MPa

– = 0.3

– Density = 7.85E-9 tonne/mm

– Units must be consistent: mm, N, MPa, s

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### 2. File Structure (VERY IMPORTANT)

You must create three separate ANSYS project folders/files:

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#### (A) Structural Analysis

This file must include:

– Geometry creation (full 3D connecting rod)

– Element type: SOLID186

– Mesh:

– Fine mesh (~1.5 mm element size)

– Local refinement at holes and fillets

– Boundary Conditions:

– Fixed support at big end

– Force = 5000 N applied at small end

– Solution:

– Static analysis (ANTYPE,0)

Output Required:

– Von Mises Stress contour

– Total Deformation plot

Files to include:

– .db

– .inp

– .log

– Screenshots (mesh + results)

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#### (B) Modal Analysis

This file must include:

– Same geometry and mesh as static analysis

– Same fixed support (big end)

– No applied forces

– Modal setup:

– ANTYPE,2

– MODOPT,LANB,4

Output Required:

– First 4 natural frequencies

– Mode shapes (Mode 1 Mode 4)

Files to include:

– .db

– .inp

– .log

– Screenshots of each mode shape

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#### (C) Transient Analysis

This file must include:

– Same geometry and mesh

– Same boundary conditions

– Time-dependent load:

F(t) = 5000 sin(2 50 t)

– Analysis settings:

– ANTYPE,4

– Time step = 0.001 s

– Total time = 0.1 s

– Include damping (Rayleigh damping if possible)

Output Required:

– Stress vs Time graph

– Displacement vs Time graph

– Peak stress confirmation (~211 MPa)

Files to include:

– .db

– .inp

– .log

– Graph screenshots

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### 3. Additional Requirements

– Each analysis must run without errors

– Files must be clearly named:

– Structural_APDL.db

– Modal_APDL.db

– Transient_APDL.db

– Include a screen recording video showing:

– Opening ANSYS

– Running each analysis

– Displaying results

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### 4. Final Submission

Submit a single compressed folder (.zip) containing:

1. Structural Analysis files

2. Modal Analysis files

3. Transient Analysis files

4. Screenshots

5. Screen recording video

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Failure to organize the files correctly or missing any analysis will result in mark deduction.

—Note, after the completion of the project on the program, you will change all the screenshots in the Word and the presentation with the screenshots that you used the program with the version you worked .

Hello,

please solve the requirement in the lab report, and assume any missing data or information

I attached the tutorial file because it might be used while solving the lab report questions

Assignment Execution Instructions Design of Thermal Systems (MECH 0009.1)

You are required to complete the full assignment accurately, professionally, and in a well-structured format. Follow the instructions below carefully to ensure all requirements are fully met.

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### General Requirements

– Answer all questions clearly and in your own words.

– Show all steps, equations, and assumptions used in calculations.

– Maintain a formal engineering writing style.

– Use proper units and consistent notation throughout.

– Prepare the report in Microsoft Word using:

– Font: Times New Roman, Size 12

– Headings: Size 14, Bold, Capitalized, Underlined

– Include:

– Title Page (with name, ID, module, instructor, and date)

– Table of Contents

– Proper Harvard-style references

– Page numbering

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### Q1(a): Cost Estimation Methods (300400 words)

– Explain and justify the most suitable cost estimation method for each stage:

1. Feasibility Study select appropriate method

2. Preliminary Design select appropriate method

3. Detailed Design select appropriate method

– Compare briefly between methods (Expert Opinion, Analogy, Parametric, Engineering).

– Justify each choice based on data availability, accuracy, and project stage.

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### Q1(b): Cooling Load Calculation (CLTD/CLF Method)

#### Step 1: External Cooling Load

– Calculate heat gain from:

– Wall use U A CLTD

– Roof use U A CLTD

– Window (conduction) use U A CLTD

– Window (solar) use SHGF Area SC CLF

– Show all calculations clearly with units.

#### Step 2: Internal Cooling Load

– Occupants:

– Sensible = number 75 W

– Latent = number 55 W

– Lighting:

– Total power CLF

– Equipment:

– Total power of computers

#### Step 3: Total Cooling Load

– Sum all external and internal loads.

– Convert total load from Watts to Tons of Refrigeration (TR):

– 1 TR = 3.517 kW

– Present final answer clearly.

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### Q2: Heat Exchanger Analysis

– Clearly state assumptions (steady state, no heat loss, etc.).

#### (a)

– Calculate:

– Heat capacity rate: C = Cp

– Identify Cmin and Cmax

– Compute capacity ratio: c = Cmin / Cmax

#### (b)

– Calculate NTU:

– NTU = (U A) / Cmin

#### (c)

– Use the effectiveness equation to compute .

#### (d)

– Calculate:

– Heat transfer rate: Q = Cmin (Th,in Tc,in)

– Outlet temperature of cold water

#### (e)

– Apply LMTD method:

– Calculate T1 and T2

– Compute LMTD

– Compare results with NTU method

– Provide a brief comparison and explanation.

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### Q3(a): Vapor Compression Cycle (Minimum 200 words)

– Explain the four main processes:

1. Compression

2. Condensation

3. Expansion

4. Evaporation

– Describe energy transfer and refrigerant behavior.

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### Q3(bf): Experimental Analysis

– Complete Table Q3a and Q3b using given or experimental data.

– Use psychrometric chart to determine:

– Humidity ratio

– Enthalpy

– Dew point

#### (c)

– Plot inlet and outlet states.

– Identify the process (cooling, dehumidification, etc.).

#### (d)

– Calculate Sensible Heat Ratio (SHR):

– SHR = Qsensible / Qtotal

– Interpret the result.

#### (e)

– Calculate actual COP:

– COP = Q / W

– Compare with Carnot COP.

– Provide at least 3 reasons for differences.

#### (f)

– Suggest at least 3 improvements for system efficiency:

– Based on experimental observations

– Clearly justified

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### Final Check Before Submission

– Ensure all calculations are correct.

– Ensure diagrams/plots are included where required.

– Ensure clarity, organization, and proper formatting.

– Attach all simulation or supporting files if applicable.

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### Important Note

The work must be original. Do not copy from external sources. Any similarity or plagiarism will result in penalties.

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Deliver the assignment as a complete, well-organized report ready for submission.

Hello,

please solve the requirement in the lab report, and assume any missing data or information