** i need a response to the following discussion post please; i attached the syllabus/rubric*

Introduction

In order to explain the importance of communication and interaction between nurses and patients, Dr. Imogene King developed the Conceptual System and Theory of Goal Attainment. Her theory emphasizes that nursing is a collaborative process in which nurses and patients work together to establish goals that promote positive health outcomes. Dr. King believed that successful nursing care depends on mutual understanding, communication, and active participation from both the nurse and the patient rather than focusing only on disease or medical treatment (Williams, 2001, p. 48).

Dr. Imogene Kings Conceptual System & Theory of Goal Attainment

Dr. Kings conceptual system includes personal, interpersonal, and social systems that influence human interactions and ultimately contribute to goal attainment. In addition, her theory addresses the four major concepts of the nursing metaparadigm: nursing, person, health, and environment.

The personal system focuses on the individual and includes concepts such as perception, self, growth and development, body image, time, and space. Dr. King believed that every person has unique experiences and perceptions that influence behavior and decision-making (Williams, 2001, p. 42). The interpersonal system focuses on interactions between individuals and includes communication, interaction, role, stress, and transaction. Transactions are especially important in Dr. Kings theory because they occur when the nurse and patient communicate effectively, agree on goals, and take actions to achieve those goals. The social system includes larger groups such as families, healthcare organizations, communities, and society. These systems influence how individuals function and interact within healthcare settings (Park et al., 2021, p. 2).

Dr. Kings Theory of Goal Attainment developed from these interacting systems. Dr. King believed that nurses and patients communicate information, identify problems, set mutual goals, and work together to achieve desired health outcomes. The nurse and patient both play active roles in the care process. Effective communication and mutual respect are necessary for successful transactions and goal achievement. Dr. King emphasized that when nurses understand patients perceptions and involve them in decision-making, patient satisfaction and health outcomes improve (Park et al., 2021, p. 1-2).

Nursing Metaparadigm

The four concepts of the nursing metaparadigm are as follows: nursing, person, health, and environment.

Dr. King viewed nursing as an interpersonal process of action, reaction, interaction, and transaction between the nurse and the patient. Nursing involves using knowledge, communication, and professional skills to help individuals maintain or restore health. Rather than simply completing tasks, the nurse collaborates with the patient to identify goals and achieve positive outcomes (Williams, 2001, p. 43).

Dr. King defined the person as an open system who constantly interacts with the environment. Individuals are rational, social, and capable of making decisions regarding their own health. Patients are not passive recipients of care; instead, they actively participate in goal setting and decision-making. This emphasis on patient participation makes Kings theory highly patient-centered and relevant to modern nursing practice (Park et al., 2021, p. 2).

Health, according to Dr. King, is a dynamic life experience involving continuous adjustment to internal and external stressors. She believed health is more than the absence of illness and includes the ability to function effectively in daily life and social roles. Dr. King emphasized that individuals strive to achieve their highest level of functioning through goal attainment and adaptation (Williams, 2001, p. 46).

Dr. King viewed the environment as both internal and external factors that influence individuals and their interactions. The environment includes personal relationships, healthcare settings, family systems, and social structures that affect communication, decision-making, and goal achievement (Park et al., 2021, p. 2).

Scholarly Article Review

A scholarly article by Park et al. (2021) examined the effectiveness of nurse-led intervention programs based on Dr. Kings Theory of Goal Attainment. The researchers conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate whether interventions using Dr. Kings theory improved patient outcomes. The study found that when nurses incorporated communication, patient participation, and mutual goal setting into care, patients experienced improved self-care behaviors, better treatment adherence, and increased satisfaction with care. The article supports Dr. Kings belief that collaborative nurse-patient relationships positively influence health outcomes. In addition, the researchers concluded that Dr. Kings theory remains applicable in modern healthcare because it encourages individualized care and patient empowerment, which are essential components of evidence-based nursing practice today (Park et al., 2021, p. 2,3,5,15,23).

Applications to Nursing Practice & Advanced Nursing Practice

Dr. Kings Theory of Goal Attainment has many applications in both nursing practice and advanced nursing practice. In bedside nursing, the theory helps nurses build therapeutic relationships with patients through communication and collaboration. Nurses use the theory to identify patient concerns, establish realistic goals, and develop individualized care plans that encourage patient participation. In advanced nursing practice, such as nurse practitioner or clinical nurse specialist roles, the theory is especially useful because advanced practice nurses often coordinate long-term care, patient education, and chronic disease management. Advanced practice nurses use communication and shared decision-making to help patients manage complex health conditions and improve overall quality of life. Dr. Kings emphasis on mutual goal setting aligns with modern patient-centered healthcare models that prioritize autonomy, education, and interdisciplinary collaboration (Williams, 2001).

Dr. Kings theory is also highly applicable in psychiatric nursing practice because therapeutic communication and interpersonal relationships are essential components of mental health care. Psychiatric nurses frequently work with patients experiencing anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, substance use disorders, and other mental health conditions that affect perception, behavior, and communication. Dr. Kings interpersonal system supports the development of trust, empathy, and collaboration between the psychiatric nurse and patient. Through effective communication, psychiatric nurses can help patients identify emotional stressors, establish realistic treatment goals, and actively participate in their recovery process. For example, a psychiatric nurse may collaborate with a patient experiencing depression to create goals related to medication adherence, coping strategies, or participation in therapy sessions. In advanced psychiatric nursing practice, psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners use Kings theory to support patient-centered care, promote autonomy, and encourage patients to participate in treatment planning and long-term mental health management. Because mental health treatment relies heavily on communication, trust, and goal setting, Dr. Kings Theory of Goal Attainment remains especially valuable in psychiatric nursing practice.

Conclusion

Dr. Imogene Kings Conceptual System and Theory of Goal Attainment continue to play an important role in nursing theory and practice. Her theory emphasizes communication, interaction, and collaboration between nurses and patients to achieve positive health outcomes. Through her personal, interpersonal, and social systems, Dr. King provided a framework for understanding human interactions in healthcare settings. She also incorporated the four nursing metaparadigm concepts of nursing, person, health, and environment into her theory. Scholarly research supports the effectiveness of Dr. Kings theory in improving patient participation, satisfaction, and health outcomes. Because of its focus on patient-centered care and mutual goal setting, Dr. Kings theory remains highly relevant in both professional nursing practice and advanced nursing roles today.

References

Park, B. M., Kim, S. Y., Shin, S. J., & Cho, S. M. (2021). Effects of nurse-led intervention programs based on goal attainment theory: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Healthcare, 9(6), 699, p.1-28.

Williams, L. A. (2001). Imogene Kings interacting systems theory: Application in emergency and rural nursing. Rural Nursing and Health Care Journal, 2(1), p.40-50.

A father of a 17-year-old wants to know whether his child is sexually active.

• What will you tell him?
• What if the child is 14 years old?
• What if the child is 11 years old?
• What is your state law regarding parental notification?

Submission Instructions:

• Your initial post should be at least 500 words, formatted and cited in current APA style with support from at least 2 academic sources. Your initial post is worth 8 points.
• You should respond to at least two of your peers by extending, refuting/correcting, or adding additional nuance to their posts. Your reply posts are worth 2 points (1 point per response.)
• All replies must be constructive and use literature where possible.

PowerPoint Presentation:

• 8-10 slides on Powerpoint Topic (Cover Page and Reference Page EXCLUDED)
  • Topics will be assigned in class
• Must use 2-3 scholarly articles within the last 5 years
• 2-3 in-text APA Citations (Use Citationmachine.net)
• Turn In It score MUST be less than 25%
• Slides must include
  • Etiology,
  • Nursing Interventions,
  • Patient Education,
  • Treatment (if applicable).
  • Diagnostic/Labs (if applicable)
  • Medications/Side

PowerPoint Presentation:

• 8-10 slides on Powerpoint Topic (Cover Page and Reference Page EXCLUDED)
  • Topics will be assigned in class
• Must use 2-3 scholarly articles within the last 5 years
• 2-3 in-text APA Citations (Use Citationmachine.net)
• Turn In It score MUST be less than 25%
• Slides must include
  • Etiology,
  • Nursing Interventions,
  • Patient Education,
  • Treatment (if applicable).
  • Diagnostic/Labs (if applicable)
  • Medications/Side
  • EffectNUR2500: Psychiatric Nursing
  • My name: Jany Munoz
  • professor: Marguerite Grandison

APA 7

My track is acute care nurse practioner

Middle Range Theory Utilization & Application Paper

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Purpose:

To critically analyze and evaluate a selected middle range nursing theory and demonstrate its application in clinical practice. This assignment fosters deep understanding of theoretical frameworks and their relevance to real-world nursing care.

Instructions:

1. Theory Selection

• Choose one middle range nursing theory (e.g., Kolcabas Theory of Comfort, Penders Health Promotion Model, Mishels Uncertainty in Illness Theory).
• Provide a brief rationale for your selection.

1. Theory Overview

• Describe the theorys origin, key concepts, and theoretical structure.
• Discuss the theorists background and the context in which the theory was developed.

1. Critical Evaluation

• Analyze the theorys strengths and limitations.
• Evaluate its relevance to contemporary nursing practice.
• Discuss empirical support and how the theory has evolved over time.

1. Clinical Application

• Identify a specific clinical scenario or population (e.g., oncology, pediatrics, mental health).
• Apply the theory to guide assessment, intervention, and evaluation.
• Discuss how the theory enhances patient outcomes and supports evidence-based practice.

1. Reflection

• Reflect on how this theory influences your own nursing philosophy and practice.
• Share a brief interview with a practicing DNP (could be from your place of work, charge nurse, supervisor, etc.) about how they use theoretical frameworks in their daily decision-making.
• Consider how theoretical knowledge shapes clinical decision-making and professional growth.

Submission Instructions:

• The paper is to be clear and concise and students will lose points for improper grammar, punctuation and misspelling.
• The paper should be formatted per current APA and references should be current (published within last five years) scholarly journal articles or primary legal sources (statutes, court opinions.)
• The paper is to be 3 – 5 pages in length, excluding the title, abstract and references page.
• Incorporate a minimum of 3 current (published within last five years) scholarly journal articles or primary legal sources (statutes, court opinions) within your work. Journal articles and books should be referenced according to current APA style.
• This assignment will be assessed through Turnitin.
• Complete and submit the assignment by 11:59 PM ET Sunday.
• Late work policies, expectations regarding proper citations, acceptable means of responding to peer feedback, and other expectations are at the discretion of the faculty.
• Faculty will respond to student questions via email or Canvas messenger within twenty-four (24) hours (for weekends and holidays, allow for up to 72 hours) throughout each week the course is scheduled.
• Faculty will grade assignment and provide feedback within 72 hours of the assignment deadline.

Grading Rubric

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Your assignment will be graded according to the grading rubric.

Module 2 Assignment Rubric

Module 2 Assignment Rubric

Criteria	Ratings	Points
Identification of Main Issues/Problems	DistinguishedIdentify and demonstrate a sophisticated understanding of the issues/problems. 4 pts ExcellentIdentifies and demonstrate an accomplished understanding of most of issues/problems. 3 pts FairIdentifies and demonstrate an acceptable understanding of most issues/problems. 2 pts PoorIdentifies and demonstrate an unacceptable understanding of most issues/problems. 0 pts	/4 pts
Analysis and Evaluation of Issues/Problems	DistinguishedPresents an insightful, thorough analysis and evaluation of issues/problems. 4 pts ExcellentPresents a thorough analysis and evaluation of most of the issues/problems. 3 pts FairPresents a superficial or incomplete analysis and evaluation of issues/problems. 2 pts PoorPresents unacceptable analysis and evaluation of issues/problems. 0 pts	/4 pts
Demonstrates a Conceptual Understanding	DistinguishedProvides a thorough, competent and interpretive responses to all issues/problems, and shows a high level of conceptual understanding. 4 pts ExcellentProvides a competent and interpretive responses to all issues/problems, and shows a moderate level of conceptual understanding. 3 pts FairProvides a competent responses to all issues/problems, but lacks interpretation and a moderate level of conceptual understanding. 2 pts PoorProvides an unacceptable response to all issues/problems, and lacks interpretation and a moderate level of conceptual understanding. 0 pts	/4 pts
Use of Citations to Course Readings and Additional Research/Literature	DistinguishedEffectively uses the literature and other resources to inform their work. Exceptional use of citations and extended referencing. 4 pts ExcellentEffectively uses the literature and other resources to inform their work. Moderate use of citations and extended referencing. 3 pts FairIneffectively uses the literature and other resources to inform their work. Moderate use of citations and extended referencing. 2 pts PoorIneffectively uses the literature and other resources to inform their work. An unacceptable use of citations and extended referencing. 0 pts	/4 pts
Writing Mechanics and APA Formatting Guidelines	DistinguishedDemonstrate a high level of clarity, precision, and attention to detail. APA style is correct and writing is free of grammar and spelling errors. 4 pts ExcellentDemonstrate a high level of clarity. APA style and writing mechanics need more precision and attention to detail. 3 pts FairDemonstrate a moderate level of clarity. APA style and writing mechanics need more precision and attention to detail. 2 pts PoorDemonstrates issues in writing and communicating clearly. APA style and writing mechanics need serious attention. 0 pts	/4 pts

Module 2 Discussion

Primary Care NP Role vs. APN Roles

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Compare the primary care NP role with other APN roles. What are the similarities among the roles, what are the differences, and how would you communicate the role to a healthcare provider and a consumer?

Submission Instructions:

• Your initial post should be at least 500 words, formatted and cited in current APA style with support from at least 2 academic sources. Your initial post is worth 8 points.
• You should respond to at least two of your peers by extending, refuting/correcting, or adding additional nuance to their posts. Your reply posts are worth 2 points (1 point per response.)
• All replies must be constructive and use literature where possible.
• Please post your initial response by 11:59 PM ET Thursday, and comment on the posts of two classmates by 11:59 PM ET Sunday.
• You can expect feedback from the instructor within 48 to 72 hours from the Sunday due date.

Grading Rubric

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Your assignment will be graded according to the grading rubric.

Discussion Rubric
Criteria	Ratings	Points
Identification of Main Issues, Problems, and Concepts	Distinguished – 5 points Identify and demonstrate a sophisticated understanding of the issues, problems, and concepts.	Excellent – 4 points Identifies and demonstrate an accomplished understanding of most of issues, problems, and concepts.	Fair – 2 points Identifies and demonstrate an acceptable understanding of most of issues, problems, and concepts.	Poor – 1 point Identifies and demonstrate an unacceptable understanding of most of issues, problems, and concepts.	5 points
Use of Citations, Writing Mechanics and APA Formatting Guidelines	Distinguished – 3 points Effectively uses the literature and other resources to inform their work. Exceptional use of citations and extended referencing. High level of APA precision and free of grammar and spelling errors.	Excellent – 2 points Effectively uses the literature and other resources to inform their work. Moderate use of citations and extended referencing. Moderate level of APA precision and free of grammar and spelling errors.	Fair – 1 point Ineffectively uses the literature and other resources to inform their work. Moderate use of citations and extended referencing. APA style and writing mechanics need more precision and attention to detail.	Poor – 0 points Ineffectively uses the literature and other resources to inform their work. An unacceptable use of citations and extended referencing. APA style and writing mechanics need serious attention.	3 points
Response to Posts of Peers	Distinguished – 2 points Student constructively responded to two other posts and either extended, expanded or provided a rebuttal to each.		Fair – 1 point Student constructively responded to one other post and either extended, expanded or provided a rebuttal.	Poor – 0 points Student provided no response to a peer’s post.	2 points
Total Points					10

1. Evaluate factors that predispose Inuits to risk as a result of the consumption of large quantities of sugar, using current data on diabetes prevalence and SDOH.
2. Analyze different strategies useful in communicating with the Japanese American families, and how these strategies support patient safety and quality outcomes.
3. Analyze personal space preferences when caring for Russian American clients, and discuss how cultural competence policies support respectful patient care.
4. Must be formatted, and cited in current APA style with support from at least 2 academic sources.
5. AI and turnitin detection report must be 20% or less.

• This assignment is designed to help you explore and define your future in the health care field through meaningful research and personal reflection. You will research the career path of a health care professionalideally one that aligns with your own career goalsand use Microsoft Copilot to help you to develop a personalized career plan.

  Through this paper, you will gain a deeper understanding of the responsibilities, education requirements, work environments, and long-term opportunities associated with your chosen profession. This is more than just a research paperits a chance to envision your future, assess your readiness, and take informed steps toward your professional goals.

  Recommended career options include, but are not limited to:
  – Registered Nurse (RN)
  – Diagnostic Medical Sonographer
  – Dental Hygienist
  – Physician Assistant
  – Pharmacy Technician
  – Massage Therapist
  – Radiologic Technologist
  – Veterinary Technologist

  By the end of this assignment, you will have a clearer picture of your intended career and a practical plan to help you get theremaking this a valuable step in your journey toward becoming a health care professional.

Paper Format Requirements:

The required format is APA 7th ed. Using MS Word, the paper is to be neat and well organized, using correct spelling and grammar.

• Cover Page:
  • In APA 7th ed format.
  • All pages are numbered.
• Body of the report:
  • In APA 7th Edition
  • No abstract, introduction, or author’s note.
  • The body length is 4-5pages (not including cover or reference pages). Not less than 4 and not more than 5 pages.
  • Paragraph format only.
  • Font: Times New Roman, 12 point.
  • Margin: 1 inch on all sides.
  • Spacing: Double-spaced
  • Alignment: Left-aligned
  • No list, bullets, graphics, tables, or pictures.
  • Work is to be expressed in paragraph form only.
• Reference Page:
  • The title is References, not Works Cited or Bibliography.
  • Indicate the exact source of the specific information used in the paper by citing all references on the reference page.
  • Only references cited in the paper with in text citations are to be included on the reference page.
  • Include a minimum of six different sources of information (books, professional journal articles, electronic sources, websites, etc.).Wikipedia and Google are not acceptable as references
• • Academic Integrity – Plagiarism:The health care career paper is to be the students original work. Plagiarism is the improper borrowing of another person’s words, ideas, or methods. If you use another person’s material, you must acknowledge your source. When you cite a source properly, you have given credit where it is due, and you have also given your readers a way to locate the original material on their own. But, there is more to plagiarism than that. Copying material directly without placing it between quotation marks, even if you provide the source, is an act of plagiarism.

    • Content and APA Citation Guidelines

      1. JOB DESCRIPTION
      Describe the day-to-day care/service provided by the healthcare professional.
      Describe the limits of authority and responsibility – legislated scope of practice for this health care career.
      Describe the specific Code of Ethics for this health care occupation.

    • 2. EDUCATION /REGISTRATION/CERTIFICATION/LICENSURE
      Describe the specific educational requirements to enter the profession/occupation, i.e., courses, internship, examinations, etc.
      What is the minimum degree, certification or licensure that can be earned for this health care career?
      Identify the professional certification, licensure or registration required.
    • 3. EMPLOYMENT
      Job availability: What is the job availability for this profession? How many jobs are expected to become available?
      Growth trends in the field: By what percentage is the profession growing?
      How many jobs are advertised locally?
      Work experience: Is experience required for the advertised jobs? How much? Explain.
      Salaries: What are the salaries, both entry-level and with experience
      Advancement opportunities: Are there positions that may or may not require additional education?
      5. REFLECTION AND PERSONAL CAREER PLAN
      Reflect on how you see yourself fitting into this profession. What are your personal attributes, experiences, or inspirations?
      Describe your personal career plan. Prompt Microsoft Copilot by requesting help with a five-year career plan, sharing information about your major, what setting you want to work in, any specialties or higher degrees you want to pursue, and which area of the state, country, or world you want to practice in. Then, fact-check AI’s recommendations using reliable sources like the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics or your dream job hospital’s careers page.
      What did you learn from Co-pilots suggested career plan? Did you learn anything new? How accurate was it? Do you think the plan is feasible for you?.
      

      Sources, Organization, Format, Spelling & Grammar:

      SOURCES OF INFORMATION
      At least 6 substantial references are used. They may include books, professional journal articles, and websites.
      All references are correctly cited on the Reference page in correct APA 7th ed format.
      ORGANIZATION, FORMAT, SPELLING, GRAMMAR
      Well organized, with each section containing appropriate content
      Double-spaced, 12-pt font size, 1 margins.
      Body of paper 4-5 pages with a separate cover page and reference page.
      Correct spelling and grammar

Purpose:

To analyze alterations in pulmonary function and fluid/electrolyte balance, demonstrating the ability to interpret clinical manifestations and anticipate complications relevant to clinical practice.

Instructions:

Mr. M.P., a 68-year-old White Hispanic male with a history of COPD, presents with worsening shortness of breath, productive cough, and fatigue for 3 days. He appears drowsy and is using accessory muscles to breathe.

Vitals: HR 110, RR 28, BP 148/88, Temp 100.4F, SpO 82% RA 90% on 2L NC

ABG Results:

• pH: 7.30
• PaCO: 60 mmHg
• HCO: 26 mEq/L
• PaO: 55 mmHg

Using the case of Mr. MP:

1. Identify the acid-base imbalance
2. State whether compensation is present
3. Explain why COPD causes this result
4. List two immediate nursing priorities

• Submissions (at least 1-2 pages excluding the title and reference pages) supported by at least two current scholarly sources.
• AI and turnitin detection report needs to be 20% or less.