How Do Microorganisms Multiply?
Microorganisms (jaise bacteria, fungi, protozoa, algae aur viruses) bahut chhote hote hain aur sirf microscope se dikhte hain. Ye alag-alag tarike se multiply (badhte ya reproduce) karte hain. School level ke liye simple aur complete explanation yeh hai aap ise directly apne Study Full Website pe daal sakte ho. Copy-paste kar lo!
1. Bacteria (Sabse common way)
Bacteria mainly binary fission se multiply karte hain. Yeh asexual reproduction hai, matlab ek parent se do identical daughter cells banti hain.
Steps of Binary Fission:
Bacterial cell apna DNA copy karta hai.
Cell lamba hota hai aur dono DNA alag-alag taraf move karte hain.
Cell ke beech mein ek wall ban jati hai.
Cell do hisso mein divide ho jata hai dono naye bacteria ban jate hain.
Speed: Achhe conditions mein ek bacterium har 20-30 minutes mein double ho sakta hai! Isliye infection jaldi fail jata hai.
2. Fungi (Jaise Yeast aur Mould)
Yeast Budding se badhta hai. Parent cell par chhota sa bud nikal aata hai, usme nucleus chala jata hai, bud bada hota hai aur alag ho jata hai.
Mould/Fungi Spore formation se. Ye spores hawa mein udte hain aur naye jagah par fungus ban jate hain (bread pe green-black spots isliye aate hain).
3. Protozoa (Jaise Amoeba aur Paramecium)
Ye bhi binary fission se hi multiply karte hain, bacteria jaisa hi process. Amoeba mein nucleus pehle divide hota hai, phir cytoplasm divide hota hai aur do naye amoeba ban jate hain.
4. Viruses
Virus ko kuch scientists living nahi maante kyunki ye khud se multiply nahi kar sakte.
Unhe host cell (insaan, plant ya animal ki cell) ke andar jaana padta hai. Wahan virus apna genetic material daalta hai aur host cell ko force karta hai ki wo virus ke hazaron copies banaye. Is process ko viral replication kehte hain.
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