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PHOTOSYNTHESIS PREMIUM NOTES (Exam + Concept Mastery)

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1. High-Quality Definition

Photosynthesis anabolic biochemical process light energy chemical energy (glucose) convert

process autotrophic nutrition ? ?

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2. Balanced Equation (Exam Ready)

6CO + 12HO xrightarrow{light + chlorophyll} CHO + 6O + 6HO

Exam Trick:

Oxygen (O) water (HO) , CO

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3. Structure of Chloroplast (Diagram Style)

Chloroplast

——————-

| Outer Membrane |

| Inner Membrane |

| |

| Stroma |

| |

| (Grana) |

——————-

Grana (Thylakoid) Light Reaction

Stroma Dark Reaction

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4. Light Reaction (Step-by-Step Flow)

Light Chlorophyll Excited electrons

Water Splitting (Photolysis)

O + H + e

ATP + NADPH formation

Key Points:

Occurs in Thylakoid membrane

Produces: ATP + NADPH + O

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5. Calvin Cycle (Dark Reaction Flow)

CO + RuBP

(RuBisCO enzyme)

3-PGA

G3P (Glucose)

RuBP Regeneration

:

CRR = Carboxylation Reduction Regeneration

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6. Types of Plants (Very Important)

TypeFeatureExample

C3Normal processWheat, Rice

C4No photorespirationMaize

CAMNight CO intakeCactus

Exam Trick:

C4 plants = Hot areas + High efficiency

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7. Limiting Factors (Blackmans Law)

At any time, the rate of photosynthesis is limited by the factor in shortest supply

Factors:

Light

CO

Temperature

Water

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8. Graph Explanation (Score Booster)

Light Intensity Graph:

Rate

| ______

| /

| /

| /

|/

————–

Light

Plateau = saturation point

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9. (1 )

Photosynthesis = Food making process

Light reaction ATP + NADPH

Dark reaction Glucose

O comes from water

RuBisCO = most important enzyme

C4 plants = efficient

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10. Common Mistakes (Students )

O CO

: O water

Dark reaction

: light-independent ,

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11. Exam-Oriented Questions

Short Answer

Q. Photosynthesis ?

Chloroplast

Q. important enzyme ?

RuBisCO

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Long Answer (35 Marks)

Q. Light reaction Dark reaction

Light ReactionDark Reaction

Thylakoid Stroma

Light dependentLight independent

ATP/NADPH Glucose

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Photosynthesis Complete Notes + Diagrams + Exam Tricks (Class 1012)

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