After reading Deringer (2018). Calculated Values, Introduction.Answer the following questions
Q1: Deringer distinguishes between three explanations for why numbers and calculations hold authority in modern political life: as an instrument of control, an instrument of trust, and an instrument of dispute. In your own words, explain the difference between these three accounts.
Also, why does Deringer find the first two insufficient for explaining the rise of quantitative culture? Do you find his alternative argument convincing? Why or why not? (150200 words)
Q2: Think of a moment in your own economic or financial life when you were measured, scored, or evaluated by an algorithm or a quantitative system. Describe the experience briefly, then reflect on it through Deringer’s lens: Who produced that number, and what assumptions or choices went into it? Did the number feel objective and fair, or did you sense the judgment embedded in it? And finally, did it change your behavior in any way? Notes: You don’t need to answer each question separately, turn your reflections into a short account.
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