What’s osi model ?

OSI Model (Open Systems Interconnection Model)

A 7-layered framework for designing and implementing computer networks.

Layers:

1. Physical (Layer 1)

– Defines physical means of sending and receiving data (cables, Wi-Fi)

– Examples: Ethernet cables, Wi-Fi signals

2. Data Link (Layer 2)

– Provides error-free transfer of data frames

– Examples: Ethernet, Wi-Fi (MAC addresses)

3. Network (Layer 3)

– Routes data between devices on different networks

– Examples: IP (Internet Protocol), routers

4. Transport (Layer 4)

– Ensures reliable data transfer between devices

– Examples: TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

5. Session (Layer 5)

– Establishes and manages connections between applications

– Examples: NetBIOS, RPC (Remote Procedure Call)

6. Presentation (Layer 6)

– Converts data into a usable format for applications

– Examples: SSL/TLS, data compression

7. Application (Layer 7)

– Supports functions for applications (e.g., email, file transfer)

– Examples: HTTP, FTP, SMTP

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