Zoology Question

Comparison: Open vs. Closed Circulatory Systems

Feature	Open Circulatory System	Closed Circulatory System
Basic Concept	Blood is pumped into open body cavities and directly bathes the organs.	Blood is contained within a continuous network of vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries).
Circulating Fluid	The fluid is called Hemolymph (a mixture of blood and interstitial fluid).	The fluid is distinct and called Blood.
Blood Pressure	Low pressure; blood flow is slow and less regulated.	High pressure; blood flow is fast and highly regulated.
Distribution	Blood distribution is non-uniform and poorly controlled.	Blood flow can be specifically directed to certain organs (e.g., more to muscles during exercise).
Exchange Mechanism	Nutrients and gases are exchanged directly between hemolymph and cells.	Exchange occurs through the thin walls of capillaries.
Efficiency	Less efficient; suitable for small animals with low metabolic rates.	Highly efficient; supports large body sizes and high metabolic activity.

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