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  • Close Reading

    This is a 500750-word close-reading of ONE page of any course text. You must make an observation about the meaning of the page (message, atmosphere, implication, etc.) and analyze devices to support your observation. You may focus on literary devices or any relevant detail in the text. This assignment requires direct quotes; you can only quote material from one page. The objective of this assignment is to make connections between the specific details and overarching meaning of a short text.

    https://www.gutenberg.org/files/42324/42324-h/42324-h.htm

    this is the link to the reading.

  • Argumentative Essay

    ASSIGNMENT: Write a argumentative essay arguing one side or stance of an academically appropriate debate using the classical model supported by evidence and research. If the writing exceeds the 1500 word maximum, it will be returned back for revision.A. Directions

    Step 1. Choose a Topic

    Today, there are many different debates being had all around the world about topics that affect our personal, professional, civic, and/or academic lives. Some of these debates have been such hot topics for so long that it has become very difficult to add to the conversation with new and original ideas or stances to take. To move beyond this trend, we have created a list of topics that may not be written about for this Touchstone. This includes example topics that are used in Unit 4. Feel free to access a tutor if you would like support choosing a topic for this essay.

    Please AVOID choosing any of the following topics:

    • Abortion Rights
    • Animal Testing (Unit 4 example)
    • Artificial Intelligence
    • Climate Change (Unit 4 example)
    • Belief in God(s) or Afterlife(s)
    • Death Penalty / Capital Punishment
    • Euthanasia / Assisted Suicide
    • Fad Diets (e.g., Keto, etc.)
    • Funding/Defunding Law Enforcement
    • Greatest of All Time Topics
    • Immigration
    • Legal Alcohol/Tobacco Age
    • Legalization of Marijuana
    • Legalization of Sex Work
    • Paying Student Athletes
    • Second Amendment Rights (i.e., Gun Control)
    • Social Medias Impact on Mental Health
    • Universal Healthcare
    • Vaccines

    Choosing to write about any of the above topics will result in returned Touchstone for a single chance to resubmit.

    Step 2. Write an Argumentative Essay

    Remember the word argument does not mean a fight in a writing context. An academic argument is more like a thoughtful conversation between two people with differing viewpoints on a debatable issue. However, you are required to take a position on one side of a debatable issue that is informed by academically appropriate evidence.

    For the purposes of this assignment, expressing or relying on your personal opinion of a debate is discouraged. Rather, the essay must argue one side or stance of the debate using the rhetorical appeals (logos, ethos, and pathos) and be supported by academic or scholarly sources. These include physical sources in public libraries, digital sources in academic libraries, online sources (excludes unreliable sources like procon.org and wikipedia.org, which are discouraged), and published expert reports, preferably peer-reviewed by experts in the field to maintain utmost credibility. Consider revisiting the tutorial for more information on appropriate sources for argumentative writing.

    Your submission must include an APA style in-text citations and a reference page following the essay. In your research, you will need at least 2 and no more than 4 credible primary or secondary sources to use as support in your essay.

    • All sources cited in the writing submitted must be locatable by a grader; include hyperlinks to the sources in the reference page.
    • The use of any source that requires payment for access is strictly prohibited for this assignment.
    • Avoid using sources that exceed 20 pages in length, as they may be overly extensive for the purposes of this assignment.
    • Including more than four sources may cause delays, and you might be asked to provide additional evidence of the credibility for each source.

    Thia will be helpful to you as you work on this assignment.

    Step 3. Think About Your Writing

    On a separate page, below your reference page, include thoughtful answers to the Think About Your Writing questions. References and Think About Your Writing questions are NOT included in the word count for this essay.

    Below your reference page, include answers to all of the following reflection questions.

    1. What have you learned about how to present a strong argument? How could/will you apply this knowledge in your professional or everyday life (3-4 sentences)? Sophia says: Think about the specific skills and techniques that you used while developing and writing your essay. What tools will you take with you from this experience?
    2. Consider the English Composition I course as a whole. What have you learned about yourself as a writer (5-6 sentences)? Sophia says: What did you learn that surprised you? Is there anything that you have struggled with in the past that you now feel more confident about?

    Step 4. Review Rubric and Checklist

    Your composition and reflection will be scored according to the Touchstone 4 Rubric, which evaluates the argumentative topic and thesis statement, argument development and support, organization, flow, research, style, use of conventions (grammar, punctuation, etc.), and your answers to the Think About your Writing questions above.

    Refer to the checklist below throughout the writing process. Do not submit your Touchstone until it meets these guidelines.

    Argumentative Topic and Thesis Statement

    Have you included a thesis that takes a clear, specific position on one side of an academically appropriate, debatable issue?

    Argument Development

    Are all of the details relevant to the purpose of your essay?

    Is the argument supported using rhetorical appeals and credible, academic source material?

    Is your essay 4-6 pages (approximately 1000-1500 words)? If not, which details do you need to add or delete?

    Research

    Have you cited outside sources effectively using quotation, summary, or paraphrase?

    Are the sources incorporated smoothly, providing the reader with signal phrases and context for the source information?

    Are the sources explained with regard to your topic and how they relate to the argument?

    Have you referenced at least 2 and no more than 4 credible sources?

    Have you included an APA style reference page below your essay?

    Have you included a hyperlink to each source in the reference page?

    Organization and Flow

    Is there an introduction, conclusion, adequate body paragraphs, and a counterargument?

    Do the topic and concluding sentences reiterate the argument to maintain a sharp focus on the purpose of the essay?

    Is the argument presented in a logical order and easy for the reader to follow?

    Are there transitions within and between paragraphs?

    Style

    Are the word choices accurate and effective?

    Are the sentence structures varied?

    Conventions and Formatting

    Have you properly cited your sources according to APA style guidelines?

    Have you double-checked for correct grammar, punctuation, spelling, formatting, and capitalization?

    Have you proofread for typos?

    Before You Submit

    Have you answered all of the Think About Your Writing questions on a separate page below your reference page? Are your answers thoughtful and included insights, observations, and/or examples in all responses?

    Does your submission include your essay, followed by your reference page, followed by your Think About Your Writing questions?

    B. Rubric Advanced (100%)Proficient (85%)Acceptable (75%)Needs Improvement (50%)Non-Performance (0%)Argumentative Topic and Thesis Statement

    Take a clear position on a debatable topic. (5%)

    Includes an argumentative thesis that takes a well-articulated, clear, specific position on one side of a debatable issue.Includes an argumentative thesis that takes a clear, specific position on one side of a debatable issue.Includes an argumentative thesis that takes a clear position on one side of a debatable issue; however, it lacks specificity.Includes an argumentative thesis on a debatable topic; however, it lacks specificity and/or does not take a clear position.Does not include a thesis, includes a thesis that does not take a position, and/or the topic is not debatable.Argument Development and Support

    Have a clear argument on a debatable topic and sufficient support. (20%)

    Details are highly relevant and clearly support the argument of the essay. Argument is thoroughly developed; the argument is consistently and effectively supported using rhetorical appeals and source material.Details are relevant and support the argument of the essay. Argument is well developed; the argument is supported using rhetorical appeals and source material.Details are predominantly relevant and generally support the argument, though some details may be irrelevant and/or distracting. Argument is not fully developed; the argument is supported by rhetorical appeals and source material; however, some aspects of the argument or support are neglected.Details are often irrelevant and frequently distract from the argument of the essay. Argument is poorly developed; there is little evidence of rhetorical appeals and/or source material support.Details are irrelevant and distract from the argument. Argument is not developed and/or the composition is not argumentative.Organization

    Exhibit competent organization and writing techniques. (20%)

    Includes all of the required components of an argumentative research paper, including an introduction with relevant and engaging background information and an argumentative thesis, an adequate number of body paragraphs each with a topic sentence, a body paragraph addressing counterargument(s), and a conclusion with a concluding statement.Includes all of the required components of an argumentative research paper, including an introduction with background information, an argumentative thesis, an adequate number of body paragraphs each with a topic sentence, a body paragraph addressing counterargument(s), and a conclusion with a concluding statement.Includes nearly all of the required components of an argumentative research paper; however, one component is missing.Includes most of the required components of an argumentative research paper, but is lacking two components. Sequences ideas and paragraphs such that the connections between ideas (within and between paragraphs) are sometimes unclear and the reader may have difficulty following the progression of the argument.Lacks several or all of the components of an argumentative research paper. Sequences ideas and paragraphs such that the connections between ideas (within and between paragraphs) are often unclear and the reader has difficulty following the progression of the argument.Flow

    Establish and maintain a logical flow. (10%)

    Sequences ideas and paragraphs logically and uses smooth transitions (within and between paragraphs) such that the reader can easily follow the progression of ideas.Sequences ideas and paragraphs logically and uses transitions (within and between paragraphs) such that the reader can easily follow the progression of ideas.Primarily sequences ideas and paragraphs logically and uses sufficient transitions (within and between paragraphs) such that the reader can generally follow the progression of ideas.The progression of ideas is often difficult to follow, due to poor sequencing, ineffective transitions, and/or insufficient transitions.The progression of ideas is consistently difficult to follow, due to poor sequencing and lack of transitions.Research

    Incorporate sources through effective quotations, paraphrases, and summaries. (10%)

    Incorporates sources smoothly and effectively through direct quotation, paraphrase, or summary. References at least 2 and no more than 4 credible primary or secondary sources.Primarily incorporates sources effectively through direct quotation, paraphrase, or summary. References at least 2 and no more than 4 credible primary or secondary sources.Acceptably incorporates sources through direct quotation, paraphrase, or summary. References at least 2 and no more than 4 credible primary or secondary sources.Generally incorporates sources through direct quotation, paraphrase, or summary. References at least 2 and no more than 4 primary or secondary sources, but some sources may not be effective or appropriate for the essays argument.Does not reference sources and/or sources are not credible or appropriate.Style

    Establish a consistent, informative tone and make thoughtful stylistic choices. (10%)

    Demonstrates thoughtful and effective word choices, avoids redundancy and imprecise language, and uses a wide variety of sentence structures.Demonstrates effective word choices, primarily avoids redundancy and imprecise language, and uses a variety of sentence structures.Demonstrates generally effective style choices, but may include occasional redundancies, imprecise language, poor word choice, and/or repetitive sentence structures.Frequently includes poor word choices, redundancies, imprecise language, and/or repetitive sentence structures.Excessively demonstrates poor word choices, redundancies, imprecise language, and/or repetitive sentence structures.Conventions

    Follow conventions for standard English. (10%)

    There may be a few negligible errors in grammar, punctuation, spelling, capitalization, formatting, and usage.There are occasional minor errors in grammar, punctuation, spelling, capitalization, formatting, and usage.There are some significant errors in grammar, punctuation, spelling, capitalization, formatting, and usage.There are frequent significant errors in grammar, punctuation, spelling, capitalization, formatting, and usage.There are consistent significant errors in grammar, punctuation, spelling, capitalization, formatting, and usage.Formatting

    Execute formatting according to requirements. (10%)

    Consistently adheres to APA formatting requirements for in-text citations and the References page.Primarily adheres to APA formatting requirements for in-text citations and the References page, such that formatting errors are minimal.Adequately adheres to APA formatting requirements for in-text citations and the References page, such that formatting errors are occasional.Inadequately adheres to APA formatting requirements for in-text citations and the References page, such that formatting errors are common.Does not adhere to APA formatting requirements for in-text citations and the References page, such that formatting errors are pervasive.Think About Your Writing

    Reflect on progression and development throughout the course. (5%)

    Demonstrates thoughtful reflection; consistently includes insights, observations, and/or examples in all responses. Answers all reflection questions effectively, following or exceeding response length guidelines.Demonstrates thoughtful reflection; includes multiple insights, observations, and/or examples. Answers all reflection questions effectively, following response length guidelines.Primarily demonstrates thoughtful reflection, but some responses are lacking in detail or insight. Answers all reflection questions, primarily following response length guidelines.Shows limited reflection; the majority of responses are lacking in detail or insight. Answers reflection questions inadequately: may not answer all of the questions and/or may not follow response length guidelines.Does not answer the majority of reflection questions or the majority of answers do not follow response length guidelines.

    C. Requirements

    • Your essay should be 4-6 pages (approximately 1000-1500 words), double-spaced, with one-inch margins.
    • Argumentative essay guidelines must be followed or submission will not be graded.
    • Use a readable 12-point font.
    • Composition must be original and written for this assignment and all writing must be appropriate for an academic context, including academically credible sources.
    • Use of generative chatbot artificial intelligence tools (ChatGPT, Bing Chat, Bard) in place of original writing is strictly prohibited for this assignment.
    • Plagiarism of any kind is strictly prohibited.
    • Submission should include your name, the name of the course, the date, and the title of your essay.
    • Submission must include the argumentative essay, reference page, and your answers to the reflection questions.
    • Include all of the assignment components in a single .doc or .docx file.

    Attached Files (PDF/DOCX): Touchstone 4 Argumentative Sample Essay.pdf

    Note: Content extraction from these files is restricted, please review them manually.

  • Qualitative Inquiry Technique Paper

    In this assessment, you will write a paper to demonstrate an understanding of the qualitative inquiry technique. You might consider using the qualitative inquiry technique to conduct your DBA Capstone Project. Employers expect DBA graduates to be familiar with a variety of problem-solving techniques. You will use the course materials and articles you find in the Capella Library to demonstrate an understanding of the qualitative inquiry technique. This activity will give you an opportunity to locate and analyze scholarly literature regarding appropriate application of research techniques for conducting research and workplace projects.

    Locate and read two qualitative inquiry studies.

    Review the results to identify two studies in which the authors addressed and researched business problems, and not social, health-related, or government problems.

    Some qualitative inquiry studies are included in the reading lists that you are welcome to review and use as well for this paper.

    Download and read the two articles.

    In a 35 page paper (excluding the title page and references page), describe the following:

    • The business problem studied.
    • The data collection technique.
    • The number of participants.
    • The professional qualifications of the participants.
    • An overview of the findings of the study.
    • The practical implications derived from the study.

    End your paper with a concluding paragraph regarding how you might use the qualitative inquiry technique to conduct your project.

    Use the following heading structure:

    • Study 1.
    • Business Problem.
    • Data Collection Technique.
    • Participants.
    • Overview of the Findings.
    • Practical Implications.
    • Study 2.
    • Business Problem.
    • Data Collection Technique.
    • Participants.
    • Overview of the Findings.
    • Practical Implications.
    • Conclusion.

    Scholarship: Use two scholarly sources to support your main points and analysis.

  • The Value of Planning

    Many nonprofit organization leaders understand the importance of strategic planning in terms of capacity building for an organization. Part of this strategic plan can include advocacy and lobbying. For this journal assignment, you will look at the value of a strategic plan.

    Prior to beginning work on this journal,

    • Read Chapter 7 and Chapter 11 of the textbook.

    In your journal,

    • Discuss your opinion about the value a strategic plan brings to an organization.
    • Argue whether you believe advocacy and lobbying can enhance a strategic plan.

    The Value of Planning journal

    • Must be one to two double-spaced pages in length (not including title and references pages and formatted according to
    • as outlined in the Writing Centers
    • resource.
    • Must include a separate title page with the following:
    • Title of paper in bold font
    • Space should appear between the title and the rest of the information on the title page.
    • Students name
    • Name of institution (The University of Arizona Global Campus)
    • Course name and number
    • Instructors name
    • Due date
    • Must cite sources if any are referenced in the journal assignment.

    Text

    Worth, M. J. (2021). (7th ed.). SAGE Publications.

    • The full-text version of this ebook is available through the VitalSource platform.

  • Module 2 Group Discussion

    1. . ( https://www.commonwealthfund.org/ ) Click on Tools and Data Resources, using the dropdown information, find your state on one the various maps and compare the state in which you practice to another state. Select one of the maps to analyze closely. ( Compare Alabama to Texas )
    2. Identify the map you analyzed. Describe what part of the map is the most alarming to you or the most reassuring. Why?
    3. How does the state where you practice compare to the comparison state? (e.g. How are they similar or Different?)
    4. Are there any socioeconomic, political, cultural, and ethical issues surrounding the information gleaned from the interactive map you chose?
    5. Respond to at least two of your classmates using the ABC approach when composing your reply:
    6. Acknowledge your classmates’ posts.
    7. Build upon these posts by providing additional details, statistics, ideas, personal perspectives, or links to interesting, relevant articles.
    8. Conclude with a question or new idea to further stimulate the discussion.
    9. Use APA format to include in text and reference listing. The discussion post should be at the graduate level and in a prose format (paragraphs and complete sentences).
    10. Define acronyms prior to using them alone.

    Please use the website from part one as a source

    Also, I am a psychiatric RN working as a CoCM in PCMHI at VA Hospital

    Respond to posts:

    Austin Grube

    Feb 9, 2026 4:30 PM

    (Edited by Austin Grube on Feb 9, 2026 5:54 PM)

    NEW

    Childhood Vaccination Rates

    Since the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019, childhood vaccination has become a frequent topic of debate in the United States and worldwide. As public controversy surrounding vaccines has increased, vaccination rates have declined. Going into the 20242025 academic year, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2025a) reported lower vaccination rates among kindergarten-aged children across all routinely recommended vaccines compared with the previous year. More recently, the CDC adjusted its recommended childhood immunization schedule, reducing coverage from 17 diseases to 10 (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2026). This change has been followed by another rise in vaccine mistrust and hesitancy. To better understand these declining trends, particularly in Idaho, this discussion compares Idahos immunization rates with those of its neighboring state, Utah.

    Commonwealth Fund Map Analysis on Childhood Vaccinations

    The Commonwealth Fund map showing children who have received all recommended vaccinations highlights a clear downward trend in childhood immunization rates across the United States (The Commonwealth Fund, 2026a). It shows that vaccination coverage has steadily declined since 2018. In that year, 72.8% of children aged 1935 months received all seven key recommended immunizations, compared with 69.5% in 2023.

    Idaho and Utah, as neighboring western states, rank similarly in the Commonwealth Funds 2025 state health rankings, with Idaho ranked 19th and Utah ranked 17th (The Commonwealth Fund, 2026b). Despite these similar rankings, meaningful differences exist in childhood immunization coverage between the two states. In 2021, both states were considered top performers, with vaccination rates of 75.9% in Idaho and 78.9% in Utah. By 2023, Utah maintained a relatively high coverage rate of 74.7%, while Idaho dropped to 66.7%, placing it among the lower-performing states. Idaho experienced its largest decline between 2022 and 2023, with a 7.6% decrease, compared with a smaller 3% decline in Utah during the same period.

    Socioeconomic, Political, Cultural, and Ethical Considerations

    Income level continues to be a major factor influencing childhood vaccination status nationwide. In 2023, 77.9% of children living at or above 300% of the federal poverty level received all recommended vaccines, compared with only 62.3% of children living between 0% and 199% of the federal poverty level (The Commonwealth Fund, 2026a). This gap is concerning, particularly given the availability of the Vaccines for Children (VFC) Program, which provides recommended immunizations at no cost to eligible families who cannot afford them (CDC, 2025b).

    Political messaging and media influence have also contributed to declining vaccination rates. Changes to the CDCs immunization schedule may further increase hesitancy, as parents question which vaccines are truly necessary for their children. This concern has been amplified by public criticism from professional organizations such as the American Academy of Pediatrics, which has cautioned that these changes may lead to increased confusion and reduced trust in vaccination recommendations (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2026).

    Conclusion

    Declining childhood vaccination rates remain an ongoing public health concern in the United States. While some states, including Idaho, have seen significant drops in vaccination coverage in recent years, otherssuch as Utahhave been more successful in maintaining stable immunization rates. Understanding the factors contributing to these differences is essential for developing strategies to rebuild trust and improve vaccination uptake moving forward.

    References

    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2025a). Vaccination coverage and exemptions among kindergartners (SchoolVaxView). https://www.cdc.gov/schoolvaxview/data/index.html#cdc_data_surveillance_section_2-new-findings-on-vaccination-coverage-and-exemptions-among-kindergartners-2024-2025-school-year

    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2025b). About the Vaccines for Children (VFC) Program. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines-for-children/about/index.html

    The American Academy of Pediatrics. (2026, January 5). AAP: CDC plan to remove universal childhood vaccine. AAP News. https://publications.aap.org/aapnews/news/34104/AAP-CDC-plan-to-remove-universal-childhood-vaccine

    The Commonwealth Fund. (2026a). Children with all recommended vaccines. https://www.commonwealthfund.org/datacenter/children-all-recommended-vaccines

    The Commonwealth Fund. (2026b). Data Center. https://www.commonwealthfund.org/datacenter

    U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2026, January 5). Fact sheet: CDC childhood immunization recommendations. https://www.hhs.gov/press-room/fact-sheet-cdc-childhood-immunization-recommendations.html

    Post 2:

    Jamie Hutcheson

    Jan 30, 2026 9:03 AM

    NEW

    Analysis of the Commonwealth Fund State Health System Performance Map

    The Commonwealth Fund offers interactive tools for evaluating and comparing health system performance among U.S. states. Drawing on the 2025 State Scorecard on Health System Performance from the Tools and Data Resources section, I examined Alabamas health system performance, where I practice, and compared it to Massachusetts, a state recognized for consistently high performance. The Scorecard assesses states across key domains such as access to care, quality, health outcomes, and equity (Commonwealth Fund, 2025).

    Most Alarming and Reassuring Findings

    A particularly alarming aspect of the Scorecard map is the pronounced disparity in health system performance among states. Alabama ranks 42nd overall, which reflects lasting challenges including higher uninsured rates, limited access to primary care, and elevated rates of preventable mortality (Commonwealth Fund, n.d.-a). These findings show ongoing barriers to timely and preventive health services.

    Conversely, the strong and steady performance of Massachusetts is reassuring. Massachusetts ranks among the top states in health system performance, particularly in access and health outcomes. This suggests that effective policy implementation and sustained investment in health infrastructure can result in improved population health (Commonwealth Fund, 2025).

    Comparison of Alabama and Massachusetts

    Alabama and Massachusetts show considerable differences in health system outcomes. Alabama demonstrates lower performance in insurance coverage, preventive care utilization, and health outcomes, while Massachusetts achieves higher access to care and better overall health indicators (Commonwealth Fund, 2025). A primary factor playing a role in these disparities is Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act (ACA), a federal law designed to expand health insurance coverage and improve access to care. Massachusetts adopted Medicaid expansion early, whereas Alabama has not, resulting in a larger uninsured population and reduced access to routine care in Alabama.

    Socioeconomic, Political, Cultural, and Ethical Considerations

    Socioeconomic factors, including income, employment, and insurance availability, influence the disparities observed on the Scorecard map. Political decisions at the state level, particularly regarding Medicaid expansion and public health funding, are central to shaping health system performance. Medicaid is a joint federal and state program that provides health coverage to low-income individuals. From an ethical perspective, the disparities highlighted by the Scorecard raise major concerns about health equity, since limited access to care disproportionately influences vulnerable populations and contributes to preventable adverse health outcomes.

    Conclusion

    The Commonwealth Funds 2025 State Scorecard shows substantial differences in health system performance between Alabama and Massachusetts. These disparities underscore the influence of policy decisions, socioeconomic conditions, and health system structure on population health, and highlight the need for targeted interventions to improve access and equity in lower-performing states.

    References

    Commonwealth Fund. (2025). 2025 scorecard on state health system performance. https://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/scorecard/2025/jun/2025-scorecard-state-health-system-performance

    Commonwealth Fund. (n.d.-a). State health data center: Alabama. https://www.commonwealthfund.org/datacenter/alabama

  • Theo Mod 5

    Discuss the principles of research and evidence-based practice and how to effectively implement them for advanced practice nurses. Submission Instructions: Your initial post should be at least 500 words, formatted and cited in current APA style with support from at least 2 academic sources. Your initial post is worth 8 points.

  • unit 3 ps311

    PAPER

    Your assignment should be a 23 page paper, not including the title and reference pages, and should include the following elements:

    • Title page: Provide your name, title of assignment, course and section number, and date.
    • Body: Answer all the questions in complete sentences and paragraphs.
    • Your responses should reflect professional writing standards, using proper tone and language. The writing and writing style should be correct and accurate and reflect knowledge of the profession.
    • Reference page: Sources listed in current APA format.
    • Support the assignment with a source related to one of the decision-making models, at least one code of ethics in the psychology field, and one additional scholarly source.
    • Use Arial or Times New Roman 12-point font, double-spaced and left aligned.
    • Use standard 1″ margins on all sides.
    • Use current APA formatting and citation style.

    Ethical Decision-Making in Substance Use Counseling: The Case of Ms. Jackson

    I. Introduction

    • Ethical dilemmas frequently arise in substance use counseling when personal morals conflict with professional responsibilities.
    • In this scenario, Ms. Jackson must decide whether to report a drug dealer after learning about her clients involvement in a situation that led to an overdose.
    • This paper applies the Forester-Miller and Davis (2016) Practitioners Guide to Ethical Decision-Making Model to determine the most ethical course of action.
    • A structured decision-making model is beneficial because it separates emotional reactions from professional ethical obligations (Forester-Miller & Davis, 2016).

    II. Identification of the Ethical Decision-Making Model

    Chosen Model:

    Forester-Miller and Davis (2016) Practitioners Guide to Ethical Decision-Making Model

    Why This Model Is Beneficial:

    • Provides step-by-step structure for resolving ethical dilemmas.
    • Encourages consultation and reflection.
    • Helps counselors differentiate between personal values and professional ethics.
    • Emphasizes alignment with professional codes of ethics (Forester-Miller & Davis, 2016).
    • Reflection reduces impulsive decision-making influenced by emotion (Burkholder et al., 2020).

    III. Step 1: Identify the Problem

    • Core dilemma: Confidentiality vs. perceived duty to protect the community.
    • Ms. Jackson knows the drug dealers identity through client disclosure.
    • Mr. Anderson did not express intent to harm others or continue illegal activity.
    • Police are investigating, but Ms. Jackson has no legal mandate to report.
    • Ms. Jackson is experiencing moral outrage and emotional distress.
    • Ethical issue: Would anonymous reporting violate confidentiality?

    Reflection is critical at this stage because emotional reactions can influence ethical reasoning (Burkholder et al., 2020).

    IV. Step 2: Apply the ACA Code of Ethics

    A. Confidentiality

    • ACA Code of Ethics (2014), Section B.1.c: Counselors protect confidential information.
    • Disclosure is permitted only when there is serious and foreseeable harm or legal requirement (ACA, 2014).
    • No evidence of imminent danger in this case.

    B. General Ethical Principles

    1. Autonomy
    • Respecting Mr. Andersons right to self-determination (ACA, 2014).
    • Reporting would undermine his trust and therapeutic agency.
    1. Nonmaleficence
    • Obligation to do no harm.
    • Breaching confidentiality could harm the client legally and therapeutically.
    1. Fidelity
    • Maintaining trust and honoring commitments in the counseling relationship (ACA, 2014).
    • Confidentiality is foundational to fidelity.

    V. Step 3: Determine the Nature and Dimensions of the Dilemma

    • Ethical dimension: Confidentiality vs. public safety.
    • Legal dimension: No mandatory reporting requirement.
    • Moral dimension: Personal sense of injustice regarding opioid crisis.

    Cottone (2001) emphasizes that ethical decisions should be contextual and collaborative rather than reactive.

    Consultation with a supervisor is recommended in the Forester-Miller and Davis (2016) model to ensure ethical compliance.

    VI. Step 4: Generate Potential Courses of Action

    1. Make an anonymous police report.
    2. Maintain confidentiality.
    3. Consult with supervisor or legal counsel.
    4. Continue addressing substance use and relapse prevention.
    5. Provide overdose education and harm-reduction strategies.

    Structured decision-making prevents action based solely on personal values (Forester-Miller & Davis, 2016).

    VII. Step 5: Consider Potential Consequences

    If Ms. Jackson Reports:

    • Possible violation of confidentiality (ACA, 2014).
    • Damage to therapeutic relationship.
    • Potential legal and professional consequences.
    • Ethical complaint or licensure issues.

    If She Maintains Confidentiality:

    • Upholds ethical standards.
    • Preserves trust.
    • Continues treatment and support.
    • Maintains professional integrity.

    Value-based conflicts often occur when counselors personal beliefs conflict with ethical duties (Grunhaus et al., 2018).

    VIII. Step 6: Evaluate and Choose the Best Course of Action

    • Maintain confidentiality.
    • Seek supervision for consultation.
    • Continue therapeutic work and address safety planning.
    • Monitor for any future threats of imminent harm.

    There is no ethical justification to report under current circumstances (ACA, 2014; Forester-Miller & Davis, 2016).

    IX. Personal Reflection

    • My professional values emphasize protecting vulnerable individuals and supporting recovery.
    • Personally, I would likely feel anger and concern due to the opioid crisis.
    • However, ethical practice requires separating moral outrage from professional responsibility (Burkholder et al., 2020).
    • As a behavioral health professional, I recognize that trust is central to effective treatment.
    • I would prioritize confidentiality unless legally mandated otherwise.

    X. Conclusion

    • Ethical dilemmas require structured decision-making.
    • The Forester-Miller and Davis (2016) model provides a systematic process.
    • The ACA Code of Ethics prioritizes confidentiality unless serious and foreseeable harm exists (ACA, 2014).
    • Ms. Jacksons most ethical action is to maintain confidentiality, consult supervision, and continue supporting her client.
    • Ethical integrity sometimes requires tolerating personal discomfort to uphold professional standards.

    References

    American Counseling Association. (2014). ACA code of ethics. Author.

    Burkholder, D., Hall, S. F., & Chao, R. C. (2020). The role of decision-making models and reflection in navigating ethical dilemmas. Counseling and Values, 65(1), 418.

    Cottone, R. R. (2001). A social constructivism model of ethical decision making in counseling. Journal of Counseling & Development, 79(1), 3945.

    Forester-Miller, H., & Davis, T. (2016). A practitioners guide to ethical decision making. American Counseling Association.

    Grunhaus, D., et al. (2018). A counselor education case study: The counselor values-based conflict model in action. Counselor Education and Supervision, 57(1), 3448.*

  • Writing Question

    This is the last portion of the assessment, where you will put everything together and add the final components.

    The full paper was broken into three parts to allow you to focus on smaller segments, receive feedback, and apply what was learned throughout our time together. As you continue at Capella, you will complete full papers as individual assessments. The goal is for you to take what you learn about business concepts and how to build a paper, gather evidence, utilize feedback, and practice APA style each time you have an assessment.

    Note: This assessment is the final of three written assessments where you will put everything together and add the final components.

    • Step 1: Download and save .
    • Step 2: Copy your paragraphs from the prior assessments into the template.
    • Step 3: Write the following paragraphs (additional paragraphs can be created as needed) using POETS:
      • Paragraph 1: Explain reasons for choosing team members from two functional areas for developing a mission statement.
        • Describe the skills and characteristics that make a good team member.
      • Paragraph 2: Describe what ethical principles a team needs to consider when making updates to a mission statement.
        • Why are ethics important for updating a mission statement?
      • Paragraph 3: Describe the critical thinking questions a team needs to answer to update a mission statement.
        • Why are these critical thinking questions important for updating a mission statement?
    • Step 4: Add an introduction paragraph.
    • Step 5: Add a conclusion paragraph.
    • Step 6: Include all reference list citations and in-text citations.

    Your assessment should also meet the following requirements:

    • Written Communication: Your work should be free of grammar and punctuation errors that would distract the reader’s understanding of the content.
      • Address all components of prompt, including introduction and conclusion, and use the assessment description to structure text.
      • Organize content so ideas flow logically with smooth transitions.
    • Format: Use the Assessment 4 Template to help you organize your paper.
    • Length: 46 paragraphs, in addition to references, plus include prior work from the last two assessments.
    • Resources: Cite at least three reputable resources to support your ideas, including your chosen website, and list them on your reference page.
    • APA style and formatting: Follow APA style and formatting standards for citing sources that support your analysis and conclusions. Use for guidance in citing sources and formatting your paper in proper APA style. See the for more APA resources specific to your degree level.
    • Academic Integrity and Honesty: You must adhere to academic integrity and honesty policies and incorporate practices that support ethically sound work in your assessments. View .
    • Font and font size: Times New Roman, not larger than 12-point font.

    Carefully read the grading criteria in the Building Effective Teams scoring guide to ensure you understand all of the requirements for success. Respond to all of the questions within the assessment instructions to help you obtain the Distinguished level.

    View the media and read, How do I submit my assessment? before you do.

    Requirements: read carefully

  • Creating a Cohesive Composite

    Must have and be proficient at using Adobe Photoshop 2026 for this assignment Before You Start 1. Review previous lessons on selections, masks, and adjustment layers. 2. Watch the provided video demos on masking and using the Move Tool. 3. Open the provided PSD file which contains a table background and three separate objects/subjects on individual layers. Instructions 1. Open the provided PSD file in Photoshop. 2. Use selection tools (e.g., Magic Wand, Lasso, or Polygonal Lasso Tool) to isolate each subject/object from its background. 3. Apply layer masks to non-destructively hide unwanted backgrounds. 4. Use the Move Tool to arrange all three objects on the table in a realistic or creative way. 5. Use adjustments (e.g., brightness/contrast, hue/saturation, or levels) to match the color and lighting of each object to the background image. 6. Save your progress throughout as a PSD with all layers intact. Submission Guidelines Submit your final Photoshop (.PSD) file. Make sure all layers, masks, and adjustments are visible and not merged. This allows the instructor to review your workflow and provide accurate feedback on your process.

    Attached Files (PDF/DOCX): 21-WDD110-assignment-1.docx

    Note: Content extraction from these files is restricted, please review them manually.

  • Discussion post

    For your initial post, select a recent experience from your practicum and provide a reflective analysis that includes:

    1. A description of the experience, including your thoughts and feelings.
    2. An evaluation and analysis of the situation.
    3. Conclusions drawn and lessons learned from the experience.
    4. An action plan based on your reflections.