Week 10 Discussion Activity

In Chapter 11, you learn about mental health and illness, which remains a major public health issue. After reading chapter 11, answer the questions below.

1) Define mental health. (respond in 1 sentence)

2) Think of one of your recent stressors (you do not need to tell me your stressor). What healthy coping strategy have you engaged in to help you deal with this stressor? If you haven’t engaged in a coping strategy, what do you think are the barriers to doing so? (respond in 2-3 sentences)

**Your grade will be based on your response to the questions above and commenting on a response posted by one of your classmates. Your response to your classmate should be at least 1-2 sentences.**

**Avoid using ALL CAPITALS, use proper grammar, spelling, and complete sentences, and keep in mind that you will not be able to edit or delete your response once it has been submitted. Once you submit your response, other students in the class will be able to see your response.**

**See syllabus for online student etiquette. Please remember to stay on topic, avoid strong language, and be polite. Responses that do not follow online student etiquette will not be given credit.**

**Please note late submissions will not be accepted.**

i will send students’ responses for replying after initial post is posted

Discussion Forum 8 Instructions

It provides an opportunity for you to virtually connect, ask questions, and comment on the assigned podcast and other posts for week 10

• Initial Substantive Posts:

Students are expected to listen to the assigned podcast and discuss at least TWO separate themes/points by making thoughtful comments and/or questions regarding the selected themes/points in the assigned podcast (350-400 words) in the discussion forum each week. For example, you may describe the key points and/or core arguments made by the presenters and/or explain new pieces of information that you learned from the podcast followed by your own reflections on these points/arguments. Moreover, at least 1 outside source (you may NOT include your textbook) cited (in proper APA format) in your posting to support your rationale and thoughts. A reference listing in proper APA format at the end of your posting is also required.

• Required Replies:

In addition, students are also required to respond to their classmates posts (e.g., comments, opinions, and questions). Your replies should build on the concept discussed, offer a question to consider, or add a differing perspective, etc. Rather than responding with, “Good post,” explain why the post is “good” (why it is important, useful, insightful, etc.). Or, if you disagree, respectfully share your alternative perspective. Just saying “I agree” or “Good idea” is not sufficient for the posts you would like graded.

i will send students’ responses for replying after initial post is posted

Chapter 6 questions:

Define in your own words the following terms:

ecologic study

ecologic fallacy

cross-sectional study

case-control study

2. Compare ecologic, cross-sectional, and case-control studies with respect to their strengths and weaknesses, and advantages and disadvantages.

3. The following question lists examples of observational studies. Indicate the type of study design that is being described.

A. A study examined the effect of hormone replacement therapy on cancer; cancer cases were identified by using a cancer registry in northern California. Controls were selected from a random sample of Bay Area cities.B.

B. Data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Survey were used in a secondary data analysis to examine the effect of income inequality and race on preventive health practices.

C. The level of unemployment was used as a measure of economic distress in Germany. Researchers examined the association between distress and general anxiety syndrome across states (e.g., Saxony) in Germany.

7-9 AS SHOWN IN SCREEN SHOT FOR CHAPTER 6

12. Why would you exclude as controls in a case-control study of gynecologic cancer women who cannot develop the disease?

CHAPTER 7.

Define in your own words the following terms:

Cohort

Cohort effect

Comparison groups in cohort studies

Prospective cohort study

Retrospective cohort study

Ambispective cohort study

3. Explain what is meant by the term relative risk and explain how it is used in cohort studies.

5. A cohort study was conducted to study the association between coffee drinking and anxiety in a population-based sample of adults. Among 10,000 coffee drinkers, 500 developed anxiety. Among the 20,000 noncoffee drinkers, 200 cases of anxiety were observed. What is the relative risk of anxiety associated with coffee use?

11. Summarize the strengths and weaknesses, and advantages and disadvantages of the various types of observational study designs: ecologic, cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort.

CHAPTER 8

1.Define the following terms:

Experimental study

Quasi-experimental study

Intervention study

Controlled clinical trial

3.Explain the purposes of blinding and randomization in clinical trials.

4.Describe the phases of a clinical trial to license a vaccine or new medicine.

8.Epidemiologic studies of the role of a suspected factor in the etiology of a disease may be observational or experimental. The essential difference between experimental and observational studies is that in experimental studies: (Choose one answer.)

The study and control groups are equal in size.

The study is prospective.

The study and control groups are always comparable with respect to all factors other than the exposure.

The investigator determines who shall be exposed to the suspected factor and who shall not.

Controls are used.

9. From the descriptions provided, identify the type of study design:

Smoking histories are obtained from all patients entering a hospital who have lip cancer and are compared with smoking histories of patients with cold sores who enter the same hospital.

The entire population of a given community is examined, and all who are judged free of bowel cancer are questioned extensively about their diet. These people are then followed for several years to see whether their eating habits will predict their risk of developing bowel cancer.

To test the efficacy of vitamin C in preventing colds, army recruits are randomly assigned to two groups: one given 500 mg of vitamin C daily, and one given a placebo. Both groups are followed to determine the number and severity of subsequent colds.

The physical examination records of the incoming first-year class of 1935 at the University of Minnesota are examined in 1980 to see whether the freshmens recorded height and weight at the time of admission to the university were related to their chance of developing coronary heart disease by 1981.

A total of 1,500 adult men who worked for Lockheed Aircraft were initially examined in 1951 and were classified by diagnostic criteria for coronary artery disease. Every three years, they have been reexamined for new cases of the disease; attack rates in different subgroups have been computed annually.

A random sample of middle-aged sedentary women was selected from four census tracts, and each subject was examined for evidence of osteoporosis. Those found to have the disease were excluded. All others were randomly assigned to either an exercise group, which followed a two-year program of systematic exercise, or a control group, which had no exercise program. Both groups were observed semiannually for incidence of osteoporosis.

Questionnaires were mailed to every 10th person listed in the city telephone directory. Each person was asked to provide his or her age, sex, and smoking habits and to describe the presence of any respiratory symptoms during the preceding 7 days.

please make sure all of these are hand written answers please even if it is on an ipad but cant be typed at all thanksksksks