build a model

The Organic Compounds data sheet is where you will place all the data from each activity in this unit.

Assignment Instructions

Step 1:

Download the Data Sheet for Unit 7 Organic Compounds by clicking on the link below:

Step 2:

Reread the manual. Note there could be as many as three (3) types of experiment activities: Video Activities, Virtual Activities and Hands On Activities. The Scientific Measurements data sheet is where you will place all the data from each activity. Be sure to read the manual carefully as there may be requirements for photo or video documentation. Please consider that not all three types of activities will be present in all units.

• Video Activities In the video activities Dr. Betts is your lab partner. You should consider him to be your hands. You must write down the required data and do the necessary calculations.
• Virtual Activities The virtual activities are a simulated lab environment. You will be required to do experiments in this environment. You will need to write data and perform calculations on your Data Sheet.
• Hand On Activities These activities are designed to allow you to do actual chemistry experiments at home. Follow all safety precautions found in the manual. You must record all data, which may include photos or videos. Keep in mind all your photos or videos must be your own and must not be taken from the internet.

IDEO ACTIVITIES

Part I Modeling Organic Compounds (Video Activity)

There are eight (8) examples of molecular model for each of the following compounds:

Acetic acid, ethanol, acetone, diethyl ether, propane, ethylene, acetaldehyde and acetylene.

The organic models used in this Activity are called ball and stick models. In this type of model, the atoms are balls and the sticks are the bonds. Atoms are differentiated using colors as follows:

While watching the video observe the models closely.

Identify any carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen atoms. The model may or may not contain all of these atoms.

Identify any single, double and triple bonds.

Clearly draw expanded structural formula of each molecule represented by each model. Place your drawings in the space provided on the data sheets.

Identify the class of compound (i.e., alcohol, aldehyde, etc.) that is represented by the model.

PROCEDURE FOR HANDS ON STUDENT ACTIVITIES

Part II Drawing Organic Molecules (Student Hands on Activity)

Notice this table contains spaces for the most common methods of drawing organic molecules.

Fill in the blanks of the table using your knowledge of drawing the different methods of illustrating organic molecules. See Figure 1 for assistance. The first row has been filled out as an example.

Part III Class of Compounds (Student Hands on Activity)

For each of the molecules in this table indicate the class of compounds that is illustrated in the column labeled structure.

Part IV Build your own Organic Compounds (Student Hands on activity)

It is a very common practice in organic chemistry to build molecules to easily visualize the overall three-dimensional structure of molecules. A common modeling type is called the ball and stick, as in Part I of this experiment. You can purchase a molecular modeling kit if you like or you can simply use soft gummy candies and toothpicks.

In a molecular model the following color scheme is used:

If you are using multicolored gummy candies separate them into colors and assign a color for carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Be sure to make a note of this for your submission.

Building

Gather the required materials.

and 4 toothpicks (the bonds).

Insert one end of a toothpick into the carbon gummy candy. The toothpick should be inserted approximately 1 cm (enough so the toothpick will not fall out

Insert a second toothpick into the carbon gummy candy. Thy to make the angle between the first and second toothpick 109 degrees (a little passed 90 degrees)

Insert a third toothpick into the carbon gummy candy. Try to make the angle between this toothpick 109 degrees from the other two. It does not have to be perfect just do your best.

Finally insert the fourth toothpick into the carbon gummy candy again keeping the angle at 109 degrees from all the other toothpicks.

Now place each hydrogen gummy candy onto the ends of the toothpicks you previously stuck into the carbon.

Take a photo of your model. You will need to submit this for grading.

This is the molecular structure of

. It illustrates a molecular structure called tetrahedral. The toothpick between the carbon and the hydrogen represents a single bond.

Building an Aldehyde

Gather the required material.

,

,

and

Insert the tips of two toothpicks into the carbon gummy candy. These toothpicks should be parallel and about a half a centimeter apart. This represents a double bond.

With the double bond facing you estimate 120 degrees to the right and insert another toothpick into the carbon gummy candy.

With the double bond facing you estimate 120 degrees to the left and insert another toothpick into the carbon gummy candy.

Finally, at the end of each toothpick attached to the carbon gummy candy place a hydrogen gummy candy.

Take a photo of your creation to submit for grading.

You have successfully generated an aldehyde. The molecular structure of an aldehyde is trigonal planer

Your Choice!

You need to choose two (2) classes of compounds from the following list and make a molecular model that represents that class of compounds.

alkane (not

)

alkene

alcohol

ether

carboxylic acid

ester

amine (nitrogen is usually represented with a blue color)

amide

Build your models and take photos of them. Indicate clearly what classes of compounds you picked.

Clean Up

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