Category: Pharmacology

*Your Personal Essay should address why you selected pharmacy as a career and how the Doctor of Pharmacy degree relates to your immediate and long-term professional goals. Describe how your personal, educational, and professional background will help you achieve your goals. The personal essay is an important part of your application for admission and provides you with an opportunity for you to clearly and effectively express your ideas. Do net personalize your essay for a particular pharmacy degree institution. You cannot make any edits to your Personal Essay after you submit your completed application to PharmCAS. You are encouraged to compose your essay in a text-only word processor (eg, Notepad), review your essay for errors, then cut and paste the final version into the text box above. Click the Save button and then return to the Personal Essay to review the formatting of your text. You are limited to approximately 1 page (4,500 characters, including spaces). Some formatting characters used in programs like Word (eg. angled quotes, accents, special characters, etc.) will not display properly Take care to review your final text and to make the necessary corrections to the format Each pharmacy school reserves the right to require additional essay responses as part of the supplemental application process. Please be aware that your admission essay may undergo a textual similarity review for the detection of plagiarism generative artificial intelligence (Al), and or other potential violations of the applicant code of conduct

Nurses are often engaged in educating or informing clients/families/groups/communities about various over the counter and prescribed medications, including how they work, dosing, safety considerations and potential adverse effects and/or drug interactions. To do this effectively, nurses need to understand the difference between a generic and brand name drug, the mechanism of action of various medications in the body, key pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of prescribed and over the counter (OTC) medications, lifespan considerations, as well as potential adverse effects and drug interactions. Students will be assigned to review a commonly used OTC medication to research. Students will research the following information:

a) The generic and brand name of the medication; including active ingredients, dosing information for children, adults and/or seniors (focus on one population) and cost of the medication.

b) Indications for the medication using plain language to describe how the medication works in the body

c) Key pharmacokinetic properties of the medication in terms of routes, dosing, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination and how lifespan considerations (e.g., pediatrics, adult, gender, ethnicity, and seniors) influence these properties. Focus on one population- pediatrics, adult, or the older adult.

d) Key pharmacodynamic properties of the medication.

e) Three key adverse effects of the medication and two pharmaceutical and one non-pharmaceutical (complementary/natural product) potential drug interactions.

f) Two important teaching priorities regarding this medication for patients.

After you research the information, you will need to categorize the information into the key headings listed. These are bolded above.

Students will then develop an educational fact sheet for the general public written at a reading level no higher than grade 8. This assignment will require you to take large amounts of information and then prioritize and edit it down to what is essential to communicate (i.e., key points), using one page/side of a piece of paper in word text doc or brochure style. Students may choose to use template platforms such as Canva, Adobe Express, or Venngage. The fact sheet should be presented in such a way that non-clinical people would understand. There are links to two readability calculators posted to the Moodle page, and you can use this function in WORD as well. This informative page should be attractive with use of pictures yet easy to read.

References in APA format to be on the backside (second side of the paper), and you must use at least (1) current peer-reviewed reference. Websites such as WebMD, Healthline, DrugsRx, and the Mayo Clinic, for example, are not to be used as they are not credible sources for academic assignments.

Include the title of the fact sheet, your name, student ID, the date, and course number in the header and submit it to Moodle. Grading for this assignment is based on the comprehensiveness of the investigation, adhering to the description of the assignment, and writing at a grade 8 or less reading level. Points are deducted for late submissions. This assignment takes more time than you would think, so it is advised that you start well before the due date.

write me a narrative from the presentation attached to include the following.

Utilising an audio – visual presentation, you need to identify and discuss a prescribing decision as related to a patient case study, ensuring you address the module learning outcomes and key issues as detailed below.

Module Learning Outcomes

1. Critically apply and evaluate key principles of pharmacology as applicable to your practice and the wider context in relation to your prescribing formulary.

2. Critically apply and analyse the principles of prescribing governance in a holistic consultation utilising appropriate decision support system with consideration of your determined prescribing formulary

3. Critically reflect upon the application of theory to practice in all aspects of prescribing, in conjunction with the professional statutory regulatory body, category of prescribing award and the expectation of continuing professional development

4. Understand and analytically apply the principles of the Royal Pharmaceutical Society Competency Framework for prescribers as determined by your intended scope of prescribing practice and category of award

Using the ASHP Pharmacy Forecast 2026, prepare a 15-20 minute PP presentation analyzing key issues affecting the sustainability and future impact of health-system pharmacy. Adress drug supply chain resilience and shortages, policy, 340 B, and financial sustainability; therapeutic advances and system readiness (e.g. GLP-1 therapies and theranostics); patients as consumers of healthcare; and transforming medication safety beyond error-focused models. For each area, summarize what the Forecast reports (likelihood and preparedness), explain why it matters to health-system pharmacy, and discuss operational implications for staffing, workflow, cost, safety, and equity sustainability, propose what can be done, and describe where you see yourself contributing as a future pharmacist. Include clear visuals and be prepared to facilitate discussion.

The project must be presented via narrated/voiceover or video presentation and contain all group members presenting on the topic. Each group member must introduce themselves when speaking and/or put their name on the slides they made. The presentation should be 10-15 mins in length. Do not include embedded videos from YouTube, Kahn Academy, TikTok, or other sources, as these will not count toward the length. Instructors may have additional requirements. Topic:Chemistry of therapeutic drug(s) and how they affect health/human body (CO 8)

Overall Task: Briefly discuss an over-the-counter natural supplement (Boswellia serrata) aor alternative medicine that has been used without prescription and evaluate it critically.

You must focus on its use against a particular condition or symptom and critically evaluate the pros and cons of using that particular natural product.

Only restriction:

NOTE: In Canada, natural products must have an NPN (Natural Product Number) as opposed to a DIN (Drug Identification Number). If wondering whether your product is a drug or a natural supplement, check if it has an NPN or DIN. If it has an NPN, it is a valid choice for this assignment. If it has a DIN, it is not. For more on this please visit the following web page: https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/drugs-health-products/natural-non- prescription/applications-submissions/product-licensing/licensed-natural-health-products- database.html

In 1000 Words Maximum (not counting Title, Name, Annexes, Figures & Bibliography) discuss the 4 following points. You may discuss them in any order you see fit. The % next to each section represents the approximate % of space in your work this section should take. These are not requirements; they are meant as guides:

1) Potential Health Benefits/Claims (25%)

Describe one of the health claims/potential benefits regarding your choice of Natural Product

Could be against a condition/disease or a specific symptom/ailment

What evidence exists to support this claim?

Provide updated information of the medication in the literature or any source

commonly used by public to search and use the product.

Provide a brief explanation of the posited mechanism of action supporting the

potential health benefits of your product.

2) Product Pharmacology (20%)

Briefly describe what is known about its pharmacokinetic Ex.: Administration, Metabolism, Duration of action

What are its potential adverse effects/toxicity?

3) Critical Appraisal (30%)

Based on your research, comment on the risk-benefit ratio of your choice of product.

o Are its potential health claims proportional to the current scientific evidence? Or are they overreaching?

o Should it be more widely used, or should it be avoided?

o Does its risk-benefit ratio justify investing more research resources into it?

4) Marketing Logical Fallacy (15%)

Find a logical fallacy used in marketing your product of choice. Please provide a visual (print screen/picture) of the original fallacy as well as its source.

Briefly mention which logical fallacy it represents and why you believe so.

5) Why you chose this particular topic/drug for this assignment (10%)

What is your personal interest in it?

Rules/Format for Submission

1000 words Maximum Not counting Title, Name, In-Text Citations, Annexes & Bibliography

You have all the liberty to choose the type of medium you want to present your information (ex.: Power Point**, Word, Prezi, Zine, Pamphlet, others, etc.) but you must submit a single document on myCourses

o **Note #1: Please have the name of your product in the Title of your

submission

o **Note #2: No matter the medium of presentation you choose, please make sure to put all the relevant information you want us to consider during grading into the main visual area. For example, if using Power Point, we would only consider the information on the slides. If you put text into the comments section, it wont be considered since it is meant for the speaker and should be spoken to. So unless you had done a PPT voice over, it would not be considered during grading.

o Polish your English/French Point deductions if unclear or many

mistakes.

o Any tables or diagrams/figures must be placed either at the end in annex or embedded within the work where appropriate and referenced.

Mandatory Generative AI Acknowledgement Statement

o As per the course policy, use of generative AI tools is permitted for this

assignment on the condition that it is disclosed

Refer to policy in your course outline for more details.

Citations & Bibliography using either Vancouver or APA

o 3-5highqualitysourcesusuallygetthebestresults

o No plagiarism! Respect the work of others and tell us where you found

your info if applicable.

o For rare/awkward types of documents to reference, do not worry about the exact APA format for citation. If we see the author(s), the year, and a way to find the source (ex.: URL), it will be all good. The spirit of a citation is to recognize the work of others and to be able to track and verify the information ourselves if necessary.

Some Advice & Context:

1000 words is not very long but that is also the point. This is also meant to be an exercise in synthesis. Be succinct and straight to the point with the information conveyed. Make use of images or diagrams whenever relevant and possible to save on words. Imagine that you are educating a patient or a friend about this new potential treatment: images and diagrams are much more appealing than long texts!

Use appropriate scientific and pharmacological terms but keep it simple.

Capstone Project: Pharmacy Assistant Purpose: A Capstone project is used to show a synthesis of information students learned from the program and/or an application of the knowledge/skills that were developed. To write it well, you need to do research into your completed courses as well as external research to answer the questions fully. The Capstone Project is designed to be conducted using only the resources available to the student. If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to ask your instructor. Your Capstone Project consists of four parts/prompts. 1. Pharmacy Workflow 2. Case Scenario 3. Answer Your Own Guiding Question 4. Reflect on Your Program Knowledge Each part/prompt should be researched fully and planned out by the student before written to address all aspects of the capstone requirements. For capstone requirements, please see your rubric. Each part outlines a specific topic, format, and prompt description so please read the instructions carefully. Formatting Requirements: Font: Your project should be word processed in 12-point Times New Roman fonts. Double space: Your entire essay should be double spaced. There should not be extra spaces between paragraphs. Heading: In the upper left corner of the first page of your essay, you should type your name, the instructor’s name, your class, and the date, as follows: Your Name Instructor Name Capstone Project Date Page Numbers: Your last name and the page number should appear in the upper right corner of each page of your essay, including the first page. Insert your name and the page number as a “header.” Do not type this information where the text of your essay 4 Title: Each part of your project should include a title. The title should be centered and should appear under the heading information on the first page and above the first line of your answer. Citations: Citations are required. Part 1: Create a Pharmacy Workflow Topic: Community Pharmacy Procedures Format: Written report (4-5 pages in length) Description: Describe in detail the prescription workflow starting from the initial prescription received until the final dispensing of the prescription. Feel free to include visuals (panel, diagram, flow-chart). The prescription workflow in pharmacy can start from different ways. Design your workflow starting from different options like: In person prescription at drop off window. Fax received from doctors office. Verbal prescription on phone. Faxed prescription from hospital. Refill request by patient on phone. Explain the whole process of prescription intake (i.e., what is important on a script, what extra information to gather, how to communicate with the patient) and then explain different dispensing processes such as: Pick up in-Person. Delivery by Pharmacy. Pick up by Friend or family. Part 2: Case Scenario Topic: Ethics and Pharmacy Procedures Format: Written report (4-5 pages in length) 5 Description: Review any three of the four of the following cases and explain the appropriate response. Each case answer should be approximately 1-2 pages in length. 1. Case 1: A mother with a crying baby, a very old man, one intellectually disabled kid and a person with his time priority. All are standing in a pickup line. Who would you prioritize and why? Explain. 2. Case 2: A man comes into the pharmacy 5 minutes before close and is insisting that you to fill his Tylenol No. 2 prescription. You have a suspicion that the man may be showing some signs of addiction. How will you handle this case? Explain. 3. Case 3: You are talking to a person at the drop off window and a second patient comes up to the pickup window at same time. The second patient is very eager and explains that she cannot wait any longer. The phone is ringing, and the pharmacist is busy in counselling some other patient. What should you prioritize and how will you handle the situation? Explain. 4. Case 4: A patient comes to the pharmacy to get a re-fill for lorazepam. The pharmacy assistant investigates his profile and sees that there are no re-fills left. It is almost closing time on a Friday. How will you handle this case? Explain. Part 3: Answer a Guiding Question Topic: Personalized Interest Format: Written report (4-5 pages in length) Description: Answer one of the following guiding questions or create your own guiding question. Guiding questions: 1. Should pharmacies provide additional aids to support patient compliance? If yes, list at least 5 additional aids that pharmacies might use. Provide explanations for each. If no, list at least 5 current aids and explain why these provide adequate support to the average patient. 2. What are some benefits and what are some controversies of Modern Medicine in a current society? List at least 5 of each and provide examples and explanations for each. 3. Does providing pharmacological drugs for anxiety treatment increase the likelihood of pharmaceutical dependence later in life? Be sure to include supporting evidence when answering each question. Example: case study examples, personal examples, textbook or other external research examples. 6 Part 4: Reflect on Your Program Knowledge Topic: Personalized Interest Format: Written or Visual (4-5 pages or 5-10 minutes) Description: Reflect on the knowledge and skills that you have learned from studying. You may include example from all your courses, or you may focus on a few courses that have the greatest interest for you. When developing your reflection, please answer the following key questions: Which courses have had the most impact on you and your professional goals? Explain. What concepts have had the most impact on your understanding of your profession? Explain. What will you do to apply your knowledge in practice? Explain. Your reflection can be presented in the following formats: 1. JOURNAL ENTRY (written) 2. POSTER BOARD (written) 3. WRITTEN PAPER (written) 4. POWERPOINT (visual) 5. INTERVIEW WITH YOURSELF (visual) 6. VIDEO PRESENTATION (visual) 7. SKIT (visual) If you choose a written format, your reflection must equal 4-5 pages. If you choose a visual format, your reflection must equal 5-10 minutes. APA Citation basics For more information on how to site, please go to – n_text_citations_the_basics.html#:~:text=APA%20citation%20basics,the%20end%20of%20the %20paper When using in-text citations (APA), follow the author-date method of in-text citation. This means that the author’s last name and the year of publication for the source should appear in the text, for example, (Jones, 1998). Direct quotations If you are directly quoting from a work, you will need to include the author, year of publication, and page number for the reference (preceded by “p.”). Introduce the quotation with a signal phrase that includes the author’s last name followed by the date of publication in parentheses. Example: According to Jones (1998), “Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time” (p. 199). If the author is not named in a signal phrase, place the author’s last name, the year of publication, and the page number in parentheses after the quotation. Example: She stated, “Students often had difficulty using APA style” (Jones, 1998, p. 199), but she did not offer an explanation as to why. Summary or paraphrase If you are paraphrasing an idea from another work, you only have to make reference to the author and year of publication in your in-text reference, but APA guidelines encourage you to also provide the page number (although it is not required). Example: According to Jones (1998), APA style is a difficult citation format for first-time learners. Please note that any information that is not your own must be cited. Any information that is not cited would be considered plagiarism, resulting in an automatic failure on your project.