English Question

Research Paper:

Instructions:

Planning:

Planning is often called “prewriting” and includes brainstorming, journaling, outlining, designing, collaborating, and researching. Allowing space for discovery, writers plan their compositions by defining a topic, establishing a thesis, and organizing their thoughts before producing a rough draft.

While most writers draft compositions alone, many writers collaborate with others before writing. Student writers may visit their professors, tutors, or writing center coaches to build their composition outlines. Professional writers in academics and workplaces collaborate to co-author scholarly articles, books, and reports. They develop a collaboration plan, identify strengths and weaknesses within a group, and assign roles to produce a co-authored text. Collaborating also involves examining models, using artificial intelligence tools, and noting patterns within successful writing samples.

Writers need reliable information to support their compositions. A writer’s personal experience and source material provide support, but compositions such as research reports require additional sources, including books and peer reviewed publications. This requires writers to locate sources, construct and analyze their notes, and interpret ideas before writing a rough draft.

Learning to share your research through writing should involve a lot of reading, especially reading model research books and articles. You can learn how experts work through the research process and begin identifying the forms they use. Of course, you do not want to copy models; rather, you want to emulate their thinking, writing forms, and styles in order to publish your work. You do this best while ensuring your own ideas are fresh, new, and progressive.

STUDY MODELS

Research Paper on Cats

Pharmacy Career Research Paper

Dog Bathtime Research Paper

STEP 1: LEARN THE SCOPE OF OUR ASSIGNMENT

To begin your Persuasive Letter, I recommend you learn the SCOPE of the assignment. The scope of an assignment includes objectives, requirements, logistics, and expectations.

C3 RESEARCH PAPER GUIDE WITH TOPICS

In business settings, employees commonly define project scope as the part of project planning that involves determining and documenting a list of specific project goals, deliverables, tasks, costs, and deadlines. We do the same in academic settings. Take out a sheet of paper and handwrite answers to the following questions:

What are my goals for this assignment?

What must I deliver to myself and Dr. Bodily?

How do I deliver these artifacts?

What are my costs in terms of time, money, pleasure?

How do I overcome challenges to fulfilling this assignment before its deadline?

STEP 2: UTILIZE WRITING HEURISTICS

Writers use various heuristics to prepare them for writing a rough draft. Heuristics are learning tools such as memory aids, graphic organizers, and problem solving tools. These worksheets will help you brainstorm ideas and develop a research question. They are presented in previous lessons, but I placed them here to remind you to work with them before gathering sources.

Journaling Worksheet

Research Question Worksheet

STEP 3: GATHERING SOURCES

Planning artifacts include all notes, prewriting, brainstorming, journaling, collaboration meeting minutes, sketches, and writing heuristics you created during the planning phase, but research projects add source notes. The following is a required planning exercise.

Drafting:

Drafting includes writing an informal composition or rough draft. Many writers focus on generating ideas and creating content, allowing ideas to flow freely without worrying about grammar, punctuation, organization, and clear prose. The most effective writers just write. They create introductions, body paragraphs, conclusions while they write, but they worry less about adding works cited pages, tables, graphics, and visual aids until the draft is complete.

Writers feeling pinched for time may draft-editthat is, they write and edit simultaneously. They write a sentence then edit; add another sentence then edit sentences; write a paragraph then edit the paragraph; and so forth. This breaks a writers flow, inhibits thinking, encourages forgetfulness, and usually requires more time overall if a writer wants to create a high-quality composition.

I recommend handwriting your rough draft. You can scan or dictate your writing into a word processor later. Handwriting empowers your mind and enhances your flow by reducing interference due to typing or draft-editing. Studies show writers who type produce more words than hand-writers which means handwriting ensures concise writing in less time.

PARAGRAPH DEVELOPMENT

Research Introduction Worksheet

Research Body Paragraphs Worksheet

Research Conclusion Worksheet

RESEARCH ROUGH DRAFT

Your rough draft must be handwritten, but you do not need to handwrite your Works Cited page. Include your source verification photos with matching highlighted source passages to match your rough draft’s in text citations.

Revising:

Revising includes reading a rough draft to improve its structure and content. Writers add, remove, replace, and rearrange content. They rewrite sections to ensure strong development, clarity, cohesion, flow, tone, and language. Writers question their assumptions, test source validity, and anticipate how audiences will receive their drafts.

During the revision phase, you will likely find your paragraphs jump around or seem disconnected. This is a great time to focus on smooth transitions between paragraphs, supporting points, and sources.

Editing:

Editing involves reading a revised draft to ensure accurate grammatical, mechanical, punctuation, and formatting. Writers often edit their own compositions then hire an editor. Professional editors provide various editing services based on the writers request and budget.

Professional writers often pay for editing services, but college students can visit campus writing centers for tutoring and editing services. Dallas College offers drop-in tutoring, private appointments, topic workshops, online tutoring, and other useful resources.

Dallas College Writing Centers

Successful professionals always incorporate checklists or protocols in their occupations. High risk professionals such as pilots, surgeons, military soldiers, and equipment operators are required to complete checklists to keep themselves and others safe. While writing a research paper is not high risk or life threatening, the process can benefit from a checklist, and you will be much happier with your grade.

Before you share your research paper with a tutor, take a moment to complete this Research Paper Checklist:

Does your research paper address one of the required topics?

Does your papers introduction incorporate and communicate the 5 Ps (point of view, problem, purpose, plan, and perspective)?

Did you state your research question in the introduction?

Did you cite at least one of each required source (observation, interview, peer-reviewed article, book, and visual) in your body paragraphs?

Did you cite your sources according to MLA parenthetical citation formatting?

Does each body paragraph utilize Dr. Bodily’s SEEIT template?

Does your concluding paragraph answer your research question with a theory?

Did you create a Works Cited page with correct MLA formatting?

Did you attach your artifacts to the end of your paper (photos of cited sources with highlighted text matching your in-text citations, observation notes, and an interview transcript)?

Did you work with a tutor?

Publishing:

Publishing involves submitting a polished draft to a professor, boss, or publisher. After editing, writers and editors will proofread drafts to ensure they are ready for submission to a professor, client, supervisor, or a publication. They will ensure the draft is formatted correctly according to publisher requirements and all elements are present.

Publishing connects writers to readers. Peer reviewed publications are considered credible, including reviewed open-access journals, institutional repositories, and platforms like SSRN. A few writers self-publish through websites or printing services; however, self-publishing creates skepticism when writers attempt to publish through websites or vanity presses, bypassing the peer review process.

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