Physics Question

Part 1: Lenses

Let’s experiment with some lenses via :

1. Select “Lens” from the simulation.
2. Play around a bit moving the pencil and observing how the image moves. Just get comfortable observing how the image reacts to moving the object.
3. Use the yellow reset button in the lower right.
   • Question 1: Describe the image of the pencil: is it larger or smaller than the object? It is closer or farther from the lens? If the image upright or inverted? Using the vertical ruler tool (upper right of the sim), measure the vertical lengths of the pencil and its image to verify/correct your answer. How long are the object and image?
4. Move the object up and down only- without horizontal motion.
   • If you need to, use markers or the vertical ruler to help in moving the object up and down only.
   • Question 2: How does the image change? Does the size change? Does the image flip? Anything else? Verify your answers with size measurements of the object and image.
5. Reset via the yellow button.
6. Move the object left somewhat.
   • Question 3: How did this affect the image?
7. Move the object to the right slightly.
   • Question 4: How did this affect the image?
8. Zoom all the way out via the minus magnifying glass button on the left.
9. Continue moving the object to the right until the image disappears.
   • Question 5: Where do you think the image went? What can you infer about the location of the image from the rays in the simulation?
   • Question 6: Where is the object relative to the focus (marked by the small yellow circle with a dot in the middle)?
10. Zoom all the way back in with the plus magnifying glass.
11. Keep moving the object to the right until you can see the image again.
    • Question 7: What did you observe?
    • Question 8: This type of lens is the same kind found in a magnifying glass. Based on your observations, what is the best way to use a magnifying glass if your goal is maximizing the size of the image?
      • Keep in mind: When using a magnifying glass, our eye and the object you are looking at are on opposite sides of the lens. What rays will your eye receive? Which setup lets you see the biggest image?
12. Reset via the yellow button.
13. Play with the index of refraction slider.
    • Question 9: What effect does index of refraction have on the ability of the lens to focus/bend light?
      • What direct relationships can be stated?
      • If the index of refraction increases, what happens?
      • If the index of refraction decreases, what happens?
14. Reset via the yellow button.
15. Play with the radius of curvature.
    • Question 10: What effect does the curvature have on the ability of the lens to focus/bend light?
      • What direct relationships can be stated?
      • If the curvature increases, what happens?
      • If the curvature decreases, what happens?
16. Reset via the yellow button.
17. Play with the diameter slider.
    • Question 11: What effect does lens size have on the ability of the lens to focus/bend light?
      • What direct relationships can be stated?
      • If the size increases, what happens?
      • If the size decreases, what happens?
    • Question 12: With everything that you have learned, what qualities can improve glasses lenses?
      • Consider: the weight of the lens, you don’t want heavy glasses, the thickness of the lens, the amount of light that the lens captures, how much it bends the light, etc
      • Please answer in terms seen in this lab.

Part 2: Total Internal Reflection

Find our second simulation, once again, at

Select the “Intro” tab and play around a bit to get a feel for the controls.

Hit the yellow reset button in the bottom right of the simulation.
Turn on the laser via the red button.
Adjust the incident angle of the red laser onto the surface of the water until the laser no longer enters the water.Question 13: Use the protractor to measure the incident angle. What is it? What does this mean in terms of light from outside the water entering the water?If you need help using the protractor, here is a short video explaining how to measure and an angle.
Note: Our protractor in this simulation is designed to measure the incident angle, so it has 0 degrees at the top/normal and the angle increases as you move away from that normal line.
Use the drop down menus to switch the water and air (water should now be in the top half, and air in the bottom half).
Again, adjust the incident angle of the red laser onto the surface of the air until the laser no longer enters the air.Question 14: Measure the incident angle. What is it and how is it different from what we saw in Q13?
Change the top medium to glass.
Again, adjust the incident angle of the red laser onto the surface of the air until the laser no longer enters the air.Question 15: Measure the incident angle. What is it and how is it different from what we saw in Q14?
This is the principle behind fiber optic cables. Feel free to do some reading on those as desired.Question 16: Other than breaking, why shouldn’t we wrap fiber optic cables too tightly when in use?

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