REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Here are complete notes in English on the Female Reproductive System:

Female Reproductive System

1. Introduction

The female reproductive system is responsible for:

Producing female gametes (eggs or ova)

Receiving sperm

Fertilization

Supporting the development of the embryo/foetus

Childbirth

2. Main Organs

1. Ovaries

Two small, oval-shaped organs

Located on both sides of the uterus

Functions:

Produce ova (eggs)

Secrete hormones:

Estrogen

Progesterone

2. Fallopian Tubes (Oviducts)

Two thin tubes connecting ovaries to uterus

Functions:

Carry the egg from ovary to uterus

Site of fertilization (fusion of sperm and egg)

3. Uterus

Hollow, muscular, pear-shaped organ

Functions:

Site of implantation

Nourishes and supports the developing embryo/foetus

Inner lining: Endometrium (thickens every cycle)

4. Cervix

Lower narrow part of the uterus

Connects uterus to vagina

Functions:

Allows passage of menstrual flow

Opens during childbirth

5. Vagina

Muscular canal

Functions:

Receives sperm during intercourse

Passage for menstrual flow

Acts as birth canal

3. Menstrual Cycle

Average length: 28 days

Phases:

Menstrual Phase (Days 15)

Shedding of uterine lining bleeding

Follicular Phase (Days 113)

Egg develops in ovary

Ovulation (Day 14)

Release of mature egg from ovary

Luteal Phase (Days 1528)

Uterus prepares for pregnancy

If fertilization does not occur, the cycle repeats.

4. Fertilization

Occurs in the fallopian tube

Sperm + egg Zygote

Zygote travels to uterus and implants in the uterine wall

5. Pregnancy

Begins after implantation

Duration: about 9 months (40 weeks)

Embryo develops into a foetus inside the uterus

6. Functions of Hormones

Estrogen:

Develops female secondary sexual characteristics

Regulates menstrual cycle

Progesterone:

Maintains pregnancy

Prepares uterus for implantation

7. Important Terms

Ovum: Female reproductive cell

Zygote: Fertilized egg

Embryo: Early stage of development

Foetus: Developed stage after embryo

Ovulation: Release of egg from ovary

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