What is a Forest?
A forest is a large area dominated by trees, but its much more than just a group of plants. It is a complex ecosystem where living organisms (plants, animals, and fungi) interact with non-living elements like soil, water, and air.
Key Characteristics
Biodiversity: Forests are home to about 80% of the world’s terrestrial (land-based) species.
Stratification: They often have different layers, from the high canopy that catches the sunlight to the dark, nutrient-rich forest floor.
Climate Regulation: Forests act as “carbon sinks,” meaning they absorb carbon dioxide (CO_2) from the atmosphere, which helps mitigate climate change.
Common Types of Forests
Tropical Rainforests: Warm and rainy year-round, like those in the Amazon or Kalimantan.
Temperate Forests: Found in regions with four seasons, where leaves often change color and fall in autumn.
Boreal Forests (Taiga): Cold-weather forests dominated by cone-bearing trees like pines and spruces.
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