The purpose of this discussion is to
- Engage in substantive interaction with other students.
- Integrate information learned from the Unit 3 class materials into a discussion post on Katharina Luther.
To achieve the objective(s)
- Watch the and take notes.
- Read and take notes on the .
- Read and take notes on the .
The course content will help you compose and prove a thesis for your discussion board post.
See the directions and rubric for more details.
Outcomes and Objectives
Student Learning Outcomes
- Analyze primary and secondary sources and explain how they support a thesis statement.
- Explain relationships between the causes of historical events and their effects.
- Describe a relevant individual involved in a historical event and explain his/her significance in this event.
Objectives
- Explain the gender roles for women in Early Modern Europe.
- Identify the impact of the Reformation and the Seventeenth Century Crises had on women’s lives.
- Describe the role of female rulers in Europe.
- Describe the rise and fall of the Witch Craze.
- Explain the contributions of industrious women to European society.
Instructions
Requirements for your initial post:
- Answer the following prompt: Based on the Unit 3 class materials, was Katharina Luther:
-
- A conformer: Did she choose or was she pressured by others into conforming to accepted gender norms? Why and how did she conform?
- A rebel: Did she choose to reject accepted gender norms? Why and how did she rebel?
- An adapter: Was she not much of a conformer or rebel, but shifted gender roles based on changing societal circumstances? Why and how did she adapt?
- A thesis that is based on ONE of the above classifications (conformer, rebel, adapter).
- A thorough and clear answer to the prompt.
- A response based only on the class materials. If you use other materials, plagiarize, or use AI, you will receive a 0 on the assignment without an opportunity to redo it.
- A thorough and clear answer to the prompt.
- Citations of class materials at the bottom of your post. If you cite a primary source document, you must also cite either the book excerpt or a lecture video to show where you found the specific historical facts in your argument. Use the format explained at 0.6 in Unit 0 in the modules for your citation.
- Analysis of specific historical facts from class materials on the accepted gender roles of European society in the 1500s.
- Analysis of specific historical facts from class materials on the ways Katharina Luther accepted, rejected, or adapted to the gender roles of Early Modern Europe in the 1500s.Through all the trials of the years after 1525, Luthers greatest consolation was that he found himself at the center of a growing, happy family. This was for Martin as surprising as it was unexpected. Although he made clear very early his opposition to clerical celibacy, he had no desire or intention to take advantage of the new freedoms himself. He supported and approved the marriage of his colleagues and others among the evangelical leadership, but gently parried well-meaning attempts to find him a suitable life partner.2 The alliance with Katharina von Bora was not, as he freely admitted, a love match. He allowed himself to be proposed as suitor only when other possibilities had fallen through: had he had his choice, he rather ungallantly confessed, it would have been another of the fugitive nuns. Katharina, for her part, was in lovebut with someone else. Shortly after arriving in Wittenberg she had met Jerome Baumgrtner, a young scholar in the Melanchthon circle.3 The two swiftly came to an understanding. The young lovers had not, however, reckoned with Jeromes father, a prominent member of the Nuremberg patriciate, who had no intention of marrying his son to a runaway nun. Jerome, who had hastened home to secure his fathers blessing, was not permitted to return. Katharina took this hard and showed little enthusiasm for the proposed substitute, Dr. Kaspar Glatz, pastor at Orlamnde. Only to avoid this fate did Katharina suggest, with a levity perhaps concealing a serious purpose, that she might marry Luther. Despite these unpromising beginnings the union soon blossomed into a partnership of real depth and touching devotion. Katharina set about bringing order to Luthers rather chaotic bachelor home: refreshing fetid bedding that Luther had allowed to rot unchanged for far too long; tidying and creating a home in the cavernous Augustinian house, where Luther had to this point presided over a fluid and changing household of guests, visitors, and boarding scholars. Katharina now took this in hand, discovering a flair for business and administration that created, finally, a solid foundation for Luthers home life. Until this point Luther had lived rather a hand-to-mouth existence. He should, in principle, have had no money worries. The Augustinian cloister was now his own, and gifts of money and produce augmented a relatively generous salary. But the outgoings of the household were also considerable, and Luther was a generous and imprudent giver. He also made nothing from his most marketable resource, his writings, refusing offers of payment from his publishers out of a scrupulous desire to retain his intellectual independence. In consequence he frequently felt short of money and put upon, as the complaints in his letters about money matters attest. Happily for Luther, Katharina proved equal to the task. Bringing order to the household finances became her vocation, pursued with energy and considerable flair.4 While Luther held forth at the dinner table, Katharina ensured that it was well stocked from her substantial market garden. While students and disciples hung on the great mans every word, Katharina was on hand to ensure that they kept up to the mark with their boarding fees. The result was that the family could soon boast a modest prosperity. When in 1540 Katharinas brother looked likely to default on a mortgage and lose the family farm, Luther was able to step in and purchase the property. Improvements were also undertaken to ensure that the Augustinian cloister was suitable for the expanding household. This soon included the couples own children. As was usually the case in the sixteenth century, children followed very quickly after marriage. Hans (named for Bugenhagen) arrived in 1526; Lucas Cranach was the godfather. A first daughter, Elizabeth, followed in 1527, with four further children born between 1529 and 1534: Magdalena, Martin, Paul, and Margarethe. Like many men who experience fatherhood relatively late in life, Luther was a devoted parent. He involved himself very directly in the childrens upbringing. When Elizabeth died in infancy, an all too common event for parents in those days, Luther was distraught. It used to be claimed that parents in this period prepared for the savage frequency of losing their young by keeping an emotional detachment from their children. Luthers utter wretchedness suggests otherwise.5 When away from home, Luther wrote his children letters of touching intensity, patiently converting the joys of the Christian life into a language of storytelling fit for the very young.6 The same correspondence demonstrates how much Luther had come to respect and love his wife. Katharina was, within a very few years, his trusted soul mate, with whom he shared his hopes and fears, as well as instructions for managing affairs in his absence.Pettegree, Andrew. Brand Luther: How an Unheralded Monk Turned His Small Town into a Center of Publishing, Made Himself the Most Famous Man in Europe–and Started the Protestant Reformation (pp. 255-257). Penguin Publishing Group. Kindle Edition. Martin Luther* was the person most responsible for the Reformation, which caused massive upheaval in every area of lifein Early Modern Europe. He created the first Protestant Church, the Lutheran Church, breaking away from the Catholic Church 1517. As a former Catholic monk, he encouraged other former priest converts to Lutheranism to marry, but feared that if he did he might damage his movement. He eventually changed his mind and married a former nun, Katharina Bora. His Catholic detractors did accuse him of starting the Reformation simply to get around his priestly vows of celibacy to debauch a nun. Martin and Katharina had a happy marriage, and Luther believed his marriage was one of his best decisions in the long run. As you read this excerpt from Andrew Pettegree’s Brand Luther, consider the female gender norms discussed in the lecture and the primary source documents, and how much Katharina embraced that lifestyle, or if she rejected it, or if she kept some and rejected parts in order to adapt to the changes that came to her life through the Reformation.
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